UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 
LIBRARY 


Volume 


ms 


TH'>PPSOP  ~C  />r>S  B Y Proa 


mm 


FINE  JEWELRY,  PRECIOUS  STONES, 


MILITARY  & FANCY  GOODS, 

CLOCKS,  BRONZES,  REVOLVING  PISTOLS,  &c.,  &c. 


The  Trade  supplied  at  the  Lowest  Wholesale  Importing  Rates. 


J.  C.  CANFIELD.  WM.  B.  CANFIELD.  JOS.  H.  MEREDITH. 


CANFIELD,  BROTHER  & CO. 

229  BALTIMORE  STREET, 


Head  this  with 


and  inform  y< 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS  LIBRARY  AT  URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 


AUG  2 5 1312 


_l  trial, 
result- 


AUG  1 g 19S2 


lit 


Is  confidentlyrecomn 
Hoarseness,  and  otli 
stage,  and  for  the  rel 
entific  manner,  remt 
soothing  and  tonic  qui 
diseases.  Price  50  c 


fCoughs, 
i an  early 
, in  a sci- 
esides  its 
s class  of 


STAI 

Is  a pleasant  mixture 
known  and  celebrate 
tem.  In  its  action,  i 
'cause  at  the  same  tin 
gatives  after  its  use,  i 
50  cents  a Bottle. 

The  valuable  medi 
ence  of  some  of  the  n 
to  protect  the  proprit 
been  made  known,  c 


;nts,  long 
f.  the  sys- 
loving  the 
iring  pur- 
id.  Price 

ie  experi- 
necessary 
•arts  have 


In  Maryland,  Virgini 
have  approved  of  th< 
have  ever  known  for 
excellence  of  these 
. against  secret  and  qu 
we  have  received  fr< 


exception, 
i that  they 
ice  in  the 
profession 
iie  notices 


From  Dr.  W.  H. 

Gentlemen, — I lii 
prescribed  your  £<  St 
torant”  and  “ Diarr 
faction  to  myself,  an 
eases  as  they  profess 
combinations  of  son 
therapeutical  agents 
to  the  .p^flicted,  andl 
ing  the  medical  pr< 
concentrated  prepar 
islrafion,  and  of  aj.“ 

deredthem  an  eminent  service,  ana  i can  ao  no  less 
than  earnestly  recommend  these  preparations  to  prac- 
titioners, and  especially  in  the  co.pntrv,  where  the 
impurity  of  commercial  Drugs  is  one  of  the  greatest 
obstacles  to  the  success  of  tile  Physician. 

Dr.  VV.  S.  Love  writes  to  us,  that  he  has  adminis- 
tered the  expectorant  to  his  wife,  who  has  had  the 
Bronchitis  for  Jourtcen  years,  and  she  is  fast  reeov  - 


has  in  a 
3 remedies 
1 counsel. 
1,3/d. 
pectorant,. 
lice,  I am 
when  first 
ie  I thank 
iration  of 


L161— 0-1096 


Co.,  3/d. 


vt e mil r men,— x u«»c  mew  nmu;  u,  *■•£  different 
Cherry  Expectorants,  and  I do  assure  you  that  yours 
far  exceeds  any  that  J have  ever  tried. 

From  Dr.  J.  Ridgway  Andre,  Kingston,  Tallot,  3/d. 


“ Having  examined  the  component  parts  of  ‘ Sta- 
bler’s  Anodyne  Cherry  Expectorant,’  also  of. c Sta- 
bler’s  Diarrhoea  Cordial,’  and  having  need  them  in 
practice , I feel  no  hesitancy  in  recommending  them.” 


E.  H.  STABLER  & CO.,  Wholesale  Druggists, 

No.  3 SOUTH  CALVERT  ST.,  BALTIMORE. 

Sold  by  Merchants  and  Druggists  generally. 


B 


WM.  B.  CANFIELD, 


JOS.  H.  MEREDITH. 


"S  y . \ 

J.  C.  CANFIELD. 


CANFIELD,  BROTHER  & CO. 

229  BALTIMORE  STREET, 


FINE  JEWELRY,  PRECIOUS  STONES, 


MILITARY  & FANCY  GOODS, 

CLOCKS,  BRONZES,  REVOLVING  PISTOLS,  &c„  &c. 

The  Trade  supplied  at  the  Lowest  Wholesale  Importing  Rates. 

A 


Is  confidentlyrecommended  to  Invalids,  as  unsurpassed  by  any  known  preparation,  for  the  cure  of  Coughs, 
Hoarseness,  and  other  forms  of  common  Colds;  Bronchitis,  Asthma,  Croup,  Consumption  in  an  early 
stage*  and  for  the  relief  of  the  Patient  even  in  advanced  stages  of  that  fatal  disease.  It  combines,  in  a sci- 
entific manner,  remedies  of  long  esteemed  value,  with  others  of  more  recent  discovery,  and  besides  its 
soothing  and  tonic  qualities,  acts  through  the  skin  gently,  and  with  great  efficacy,  for  the  cure  of  this  class  of 
diseases.  Price  50  cents  and  $1  a bottle. 

STABLER’S  DIARRHOEA  CORDIAL 

Is  a pleasant  mixture,  compounded.in  agreement  with  the  rules  of  Pharmacy,  of  therapeutic  agents,  long 
known  and  celebrated  for  their  peculiar  efficacy  in  curing  DIARRHOEA,  and  similar  affectidns  of  the  sys- 
tem. In  its  action,  it  allays  nausea  and  produces,  a healthy  condition  of  the  Liver,  thus  removing  the 
'cause  at  the  same  time  that  it  cures  the  disease,  leaving  the  system  in  the  natural  state,  not  requiring  pur- 
gatives after  its  use,  as  most  medic.ines  of  the  kind  do— being  a desideratum  ndver  before  obtained.  Price 
50  cents  a Bottle.  . , 

The  valuable  medicines  above  named  are  not  empirical,  but  are  prepared,  in  agreement  with  the  experi- 
ence of  some  of  the  most  learned  and  judicious  practitioners,  and  are.  not  secret,  further  than  is  necessary 
to  protect  the  proprietors  and  those  who' use  them  from  loss  and  impositiqn,  as  the  Component  parts  have 
been  made  known,  confidentially,  from  time  to  time,  to  perhaps 

300  PHYSIOIjS L3XT^ 

In  Maryland,  Virginia,  District  of  Columbia,  Ohio,  and  other  places,  all  of  whom,  without  a single  exception, 
have  approved  of  the  formula,  and  most  of  them  acknowledge  that  they  are  the  best  remedies  that  they 
have  ever  known  for  the  cure  of  the  diseases  for  which  they  are  recommended.  Our  confidence  in  the 
excellence  of  these  medicines,  added  to  our  desire  to  avoid  the  just  prejudice  of  the  medical  profession 
. against  secret  and  quack  nostrums,  induced  us  to  adopt  this  candid  course.  We  append  a few  of  the  notices 
w c have  received  from  Physicians,  viz  : 


From  Dr.  W.  H.  Farrow,  of  Snow  Hill,  Md. 

Gentlemen, — I have  frequently  in'  my  practice 
prescribed  your  “ StablerTs  Anodyne  Cherry  Expec- 
torant’’and  “ Diarrhoea  Cordial,”  with  great  satis- 
faction to  myself,  and  to  the  entire  relief  of  such  dis- 
eases as  they  profess  to  cure.  I consider  them  happy 
combinations  of  some  of  our  most  valuable  and  safe 
therapeutical  agents,  and  must  be  of. infinite  worth 
to  the  afflicted,  and  to  mankind  at  large.  In  furnish- 
ing the  medical  profession  with  these  active  and 
concentrated  preparations,  so  convenient  lor  admin- 
istration, and  of  a standard  quality,  you  have  ren- 
dered them  an  eminent  service,  and  I can  do  no  less 
than  earnestly  recommend  these  preparations  to  prac- 
titioners, and  especially  in  the  country,  where  the 
impurity  of  commercial  Drugs  is  one  of  the  greatest 
obstacles  to  the  success  of  tile  Physician. 

Dr.  VV.  S.  Love  writes  to  us,  that  he  lias  adminis- 
tered the  expectorant  to  his  Wife,  who  has  had  the 
Bronchitis  for  Jourtecn  years,  and  she  is  fast  recov- 


ering from  her  long-standing  malady.  It  has  in  a 
few  weeks  done  her  more  good  than  all  the  remedies 
she  has  heretofore  used  under  able  medical  counsel. 

JFrom  Dr.  H.  P.  Worthington,  Laurel , Md. 

11  After  several  months’  use  of  your  Expectorant,, 
both  in  my  own  family  and  in  general  practice,  I am 
confirmed  in  the  opinion,  expressed  of  it,  when  first 
made  acquainted  with  the  recipe.  For  one  I thank 
you  for  so  convenient  and  elegant  a preparation  of 
the.  Wild  Cherry.” 

From  Geo.  Gerry,  M.  D.,  of  Somerset  Co.,  Md. 

“ Gentlemen, — I have  used  many  of  the  different 
Cherry  Expectorants,  and  I do  assure  you  that  yours 
far  exceeds  any  that  I have  ever  tried. 

From  Dr.  J.  Ridgway  Andre , Kingston,  Tallot,  Md . 

“ Having  examined  the  component  parts  of  ‘ Sta- 
bler’s  Anodyne  Cherry  Expectorant,’  also  of«£  Sta- 
bler’s  Diarrhoea  Cordial,’  and  having  used  them  in 
practice,  I feel  no  hesitancy  in  recommending  them.’’ 


E.  H.  STABLER  & CO.,  Wholesale  Druggists, 

No.  3 SOUTH  CALVERT  ST.,  BALTIMORE. 
Sold  by  Merchants  and  Druggists  generally. 


B 


$ 

WHOLESALE  ONLY. 


I 


n 


HAM  & CUSHING, 

nwgiainsiES  & wismss&fcB 

211  BALTIMORE-ST. 

SECOND  STORY, 

[11  A L ■ T Q K 1 9 

Invite  the  attention  of  Dealers  to  their  Stock,  which  will 
he  found,  to  comprise  every  variety  and  style  of  Goods  in 
their  line ; and  their  arrangements  are  such  as  to  enable 
them  to  sell  at  Manufacturers’  Prices.  Their  WATCHES 
are  from  the  Best  Manufactories — English,  Swiss  and  Amer- 
ican, and  cased  in  a style  not  to  be  surpassed  by  any  other 
House  in  the  Country.  


C 


DAVIS  & MILLER, 

^ WHO  L E SALE 

12  NORTH  HOWARD  STREET, 


IS  M 


o<iipa8fi<o> 


Keep  Constantly  on  Hand,  a Large  and  Extensive  Assortment  of 

DR.UG-S, 

mww&Mv 

fils, 

stpamnm 

PAINTERS’  MATERIALS. 

DVE-STUFrS, 

WINDOW  GLASS, 

JPBffiffWMtlBffiY, 

SOAPS, 

Spices,  Bottled  Oils, 

ESSENCES, 

V Q BS  % IT  tg  IK  S'@  » 

Fine  Wines  for  Med’l  Use, 

WITH  ALL  THE 


Sole  Proprietors  of  the 

AMERICAN  WORM  SYRUP, 
ASIATIC  CHOLERA  REMEDY, 
ANODYNE  CORDIAL, 

AMER’N  VEGETABLE  PILLS, 

“ “ BITTERS, 

DR.  BIRD’S  E.  J.  DYSENTERY 
CORDIAL, 

COMPOUND  MONARDO  LIN- 
IMENT, 

DR.  MAYO’S  PERSIAN  PEC- 
TORAL, 

ARABIAN  EMBROCATION, 

FEVER  AND  AGUE  TONIC, 
ARABIAN  HORSE  POWDER, 
DAVIS’  EYE  WATER, 

MAGIC  BALSAM, 

Druggists  and  Merchants  desiring 
find  it  to  their  interest  to  trade  with  us 


latent  gteMrints  of 

following  Preparations,  viz. 


MILLER’S  COUGH  SYRUP, 

RELIEF  AND  COLIC  DROPS, 
COM.E  SS.  OF  JAMAICA  GINGER, 
GERMAN  CATTLE  POWDER, 
the  Best  Articles  in  our  line,  will  certainly 


D 


w 

m 


w 


©.  T # ® 


Nob.  89  & 91 


BALTIMORE  STREET, 

52  Ml  “M?  iSt-  ‘Sa?  sp 


s?  ^yj 


m ^ 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealer  in 

I! 


A LARGE  ASSORTMENT  OF 

* ions, 

flans  |$(anlillas, 

A ‘Iff  Tl  pn  AWT  ^ 

cGdL  JL V cA J £^[  Eb  aOL  W cL  f 

CONSTANTLY  ADDING  PER  EVERY  STEAMER, 

NEW  STYLES  AND  -DESIGNS, 
With  a complete  Assortment  of  Goods  generally. 

R E M E M B E R.  MY  MOTTO, 

6 6 rATl  /7S\  SP  -PP  /7S\  ’ iPYre?  n fl  SP  !P\  /P\  fATI  re?  9 9* 


R0®1T  T©  1§ 


@PT®©Klli 

Also,  a large  and  general  Assortment  of 

§iE=>SS.mE3P2f|{S  '©■  ^0) ® ffi) S 9 

And  DOMESTIC  GOODS,  suitable  for  Farmers,  &c. 


KUHN  & RIDGAWAY, 


No.  84  Camden 


Street,  near  Howard,  Balt. 


SPSS'S  asm  ®B&a©s» 


.The  undersigned  respectfully  call  the  at- 
tention of  the  Public  and  the  Ladies  par- 
ticularly to  their  New  Instrument,  as  it  is 
superior  in  point  of  tone  to  the  Piano  or  any 
other  musical  instrument.  The  upper  part 
is  carVed  and  gilt  like  a harp,  and  has  all 
the  appearance  of  a splendid  harp.  It  is 
played  with  keys  like  a Piano,  and  any  per- 
son can  play  on  this  Harp  that  can  play  on 
the  Piano.  The  strings  are  of  steel  and  is 
tuned  like  a Piano,  and  will  stay  in  tune  as 
long  as  a Piano.  The  notes  or  tone  is  as 
full  as  a Piano,  but, like  that  of  a Harp,  soft 
and  deep,  and  the  treble  notes  clear  and 
musical  like  a Glass  Harmonicou — it  sur- 
passes every  other  musical  instrument  in 
appearance  and  tone. 

We  manufacture,  also,  Pianos  of  superior 
finish  and  quality,  all  of  Rosewood  finish, 
from  6 to  7 octave,  full  Metallic  Frames, 
which  makes  them  very  strong  and  durable; 
we  particularly  recommend  them  as  fine, 
well  made  instruments. 


Dealers,  Professors  and  Agents,  would  do  well  t a give  us  a call.  Pianos  exchanged  or  hired  out. 
jm*  MELODEONS,  from  $45  to  $200  each,  to  he  had  of  the  best  quality. 


F 


r i 1 


GALLAGHER’S 

/ • ’ *"  • 

iooli-liecping  t£  Minting  llooms 

These  COUNTING  ROOMS,  now 
more  than  six  years-established  in  Bal- 
timore, have  continued  in  successful 
operation  longer  than  any  similar  In- 
stitution in  this  city.  Many  years  ex- 
perience as  an  Accountant  and  Teacher 
of  the  above  branches,  gives  the  under- 
signed confidence  in  assuring  the  pub- 
lic that  the  system  pursued  under  his 
direction  is  of  -a  practical  and  business 
character ; each  student  has  a separate 
desk,  and  is  privately  instructed  by  the 
proprietor  alone  in  making  the  various  entries,  papers,  and  calculations,  in  actual  routine  of 
business,  representing  the  transactions  as  they  really  occur,  thus  experiencing  the  duties  of 
a Practical  Accountant.  Circulars  transmitted  by  Mail  upon  addressing 

F.  BL  GALLAGHER, 

207  BALTIMORE  STREET,  near  Charles, 


R . BROWN, 

IMPORTER,  MANUFACTURER  AND  DEALER  IN 

Twit.,  1 


AND 

PLATED  WARE, 

153  BALTIMORE-ST. 

(Opposite  the  Museum,) 

BA&TTI0H1, 


WATCHES  Carefully  Kepaired. 


DEPOT  FOR  THE  SALE  OF 

Mini's.  Iraniiks,  Cigars, 


PRODUCE, 

AND  RARE  ARTICLES  OF  LUXURY, 

i.  TIERM1I  & SOB 

No.  12  North  Charles  Street, 
BALTIMORE. 


We  offer  for  Sale  from  STORE,  & UNITED  STATES  BOND- 
ED  WAREHOUSE,  in  quantities  to  suit  purchasers  : 

MADEIRA  WINES  from  the  House  of  J.  Howard  March  & Co.,  Madeira. 
SHERRY  “ i("  Messrs.  Vinda  De  X.  Harmony  & Co., 

Cadiz. 

HOCK  AND  MOSELLE  WINES  from  the  House  of  Henkell  & Co.,  Mayence. 
CHAMPAGNE  WINES  “ ’ “ Moet  & Chandon,  Epernay. 

PORTS  1 “ “ Osborne  & Co.,  Oporto. 

BORDEAUX  AND  CLARET  WINES  “ « Focke  & Brandenburg,  Bor- 

deaux. 

BURGUNDIES  “ R.  Bruninghaus,  Nuits. 

BRANDIES  “ “ Otard,  Dupuy  & Co.,  J. 

Hepnessey  & Co.,  and  Focke  & Brandenburg. 
Together  with  a large  Stock  of  ITALIAN,  HUNGARIAN,  SICILY,  MALAGA 
and  LISBON  WINES,  received  directly  from  the  oldest  and  most  highly  respect- 
able European  Houses. 

The  careful  attention  we  have  given  the  Importation  of  RARE  ARTICLES  OF 
LUXURY,  enables  us  to  offer  the  products  of  ENGLAND,  FRANCE,  GER- 
MANY and  ITALY,  at  the  most  Moderate  Prices.  Our 


(OS©  A1  ID)  M IP  A M T ‘M  .31 


TP 


Contains  the  various  sizes  of  all  the  Celebrated  Factories  in  Havana,  and  the  annual 
visit  of  one  of  our  firm  to  the  Island  of  CUBA,  gives  us  advantages  possessed  by  few 
Houses  in  any  of  the  more  Northern  or  Eastern  Cities. 

The  TEA,  COFFEE  & EAST  INDIA  GOODS  DEPARTMENT 

Is  large  and  varied,  consisting  of  the  finest  Chops  of  Oolong,  Chalan,  Powchong,  Sou- 
chong, English,  Breakfast,  Imperial,  Gunpowder  and  Hysgn  Tea,  Mocha  and  Java 
Coffee,  Spices,  &c. 

Od-A  LIBERAL  DISCOUNT  GIVEN  TO  THE  TRADE. 

Priced  Catalogue  when  desired,  can  be  had  free  of  charge. 

Persons  entrusting  their  orders  for  direct  Importation,  will  be  charged  a small  com- 
mission. 


P.  TIEKNAN  & SON, 


H 


3VE  XX  33  C3r  JE2  ? ^ 
PATENT 


It  will  do  the  Washing  of  an  ordinary  family  in  one  hour , and  will  do  it  better  than 
it  can  be  done  by  hand  in  five.  It  is  simple  and  durable,  and  very  easy  in  its  opera- 
tion and  requires  less  Soap  by  one-half  than  by  the  old  method.  It  occupies  but  little 
more  room  than  an  ordinary  wash-tub. 

It  is  Worked  by  Woman  or  Boy-Power  with  the  Greatest  Ease, 

AND  COSTS  BUT 

TEN  DOLLARS. 

So  confident  are  the  Proprietors  of  the  merits  of  this  Machine,  that  they  will  furnish 
them  on  trial,  and  if  not  satisfactory,  will  take  them  away  free  of  expense. 


Reference  is  given  to  the  following  Gentlemen, 

now  Worked. 


in  whose  Families  they  arc 


Alex.  McComas,  205  E.  Fayette-st. 

A.  W.  Thompson,  350  N.  Eutaw-st. 

H.  S.  Taylor,  75  Cathedral-st. 

Sam’l  G.  Miles,  83  Sharp-st. 

D.  Blocher,  541  W.  Fayette-st. 

John  Nant,  27  Paca-st. 

Thos.  Pitcher,  71  Columbia-st. 

E.  Reynolds,  45  McHenry-st. 

S.  H.  Adams,  52  Columbia-st. 

S.  Linthicomb,  37  Columbia-st. 

Charles  Lee,  15  Pearl-st, 

John  Mann,  136  Eutaw-st'. 

C.  C.  Biirford,  4 W.  Pratt-st. 

Geo.  Bookholtz,  214  Columbia-st. 

E.  W.  Briding,  183  Pratt-st. 

John  Brooks,  53  Columbia-st. 

Win.  V.  Carver,  Pine-st. 

John  F.  McJilton,  256  Lombard-st.  { 

And  many  others  too  numerous  to  mention. 

To  be  had  of  the  Manufacturers  and  Proprietors,  at  their  Wareroom,  No.  379 
WEST  PRATT  STREET,  or  at  the  Factory,  PORTLAND  near  FREMONT 
STREET. 

COUNTY  RIGHT'S  for  sale  in  Maryland,  Delaware  and  Virginia,  by  VV.  T. 
MARKLAND  &.  BRO.,  Carpenters  and  Builders,  Sole  Proprietors. 

The  Machine  can  be  seen  in  operation  by  calling  on 

E.  M.  BOSLEY,  Agent, 

No.  i Light  Street  Wharf,  i Doors  South  of  Pratt  Street. 


Jojm  Coats,  262  W.  Lombard-st. 
Jacob  Deems,  6 Hollins-st. 

H.  Magne,  35  Hollins-st. 

J.  H.  T.  Jerome,  251  W.  Saratoga-st. 
H.  H.  Thomas,  112  South  Paca-st. 
Rice  & Norris,  46  and  48  Light-st. 
W.  A.  Page,  25  Stiles-st. 

R.  W.  McCubbin,  224  W.  Fayette-st. 
Caleb  Kelly,  39  Columbia-st. 

S.  F.  Peregoy,  381  Pratt-st. 

T.  N.  Reed,  Baltimore  County. 

Judge  Tuck,  Annapolis. 

T.  J . Brown,  90  Baltimore-st. 

S.  B.  Flemming,  74  Mulberry-st. 

W.  P.  Gettier,  259  Pratt-st. 

Eben  Stewart,  88  Columbia-st. 

Thos.  S.  Sumwalt,  205  West  Pratt-st. 


WHOLESALE  ONLY. 


breast  pins, 

$ar  ptp, 

FINGER  RINGS, 

Bracelets, 

(L ® © K ITT.  © 9 


TR1 . B - McOLBES, 

No.  2 HANOVER  STREET,  2nd  Floor, 

(ONE  DOOR  BELOW  BALTIMORE-ST.,) 


Gold  Chains, 

SEALS  & OYS, 

Sold 


PENCILS, 
&C.,  &C., 


BALTIMORE, 

IMPORTER  AND  WHOLESALE  DEALER  IN 


Watchmakers  and  Country  Merchants  are  invited  to  call. 
Every  article  sold,  will  be  warranted  to  give  satisfaction. 


J 


*3?  X 3MC 


V 

AGUST.  WAGNER,  ^7" 

No.  63  SOUTH  CHARLES-ST.,  near  Pratt-st. 


GrIE.i3L3Sr330IjES,  .-FANCY  GOODS,  d?C. 

OIT'A.LX,  WORK  ID  CONTE  EY  IVEE  WARRANTED. 


Warehouse  No,  48  S.  Calvert  Street,  Baltimore. 

ALWAYS  ON  HAND  THE  MOST  COMPLETE  ASSORTMENT  OP 

PARLOR,  CHAMBER,  COTTAGE,  DOING  ROOJi  AND  KITCHEN 


MATTRESSES,  BEDS  AND  BEDDING. 


LOOKING-  GLASSES  constantly  on  hand  and  made  to  order. 

E3T  Country  Merchants,  proprietors  of  Hotels  and  others  would  do  well  to 
call  and  examine  bur  extensive  assortment  before  purchasing. 

School  Furniture  and  Settees  for  Churches  made  to  order  at  short  notice. 

JAMES  R.  WARD  8c  CO. 


JAMES  R.  WARD  & CO. 


EXTENSIVE 

fflmriiiiin  liUJ  l/i\ 


f 


G.  W.  ROBINSON. 


CHAS.  W.  LORD. 


MANUFACTURERS 

^tnsoBM 


AND  WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN 

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9 


(feage,  ^rawis,  c§ntsjjts,  Pats,  &t. 


The  Largest  and  Best  Assortment  of  Goods  that  can  be  found  in  any 
House  of  this  kind  in  the  United  States. 


ALSO,  IMPORTERS  OP 

German  & French  Fancy  Goods,  Demijohns,  &c. 

iU)  i ri  XSC)^ST  & LOED, 

88  6s  90  LOMBARD  STREET, 

© A !L  IT  - Q-E3  ®'iE  H ♦ 


and  Europe.  Their  Facilities  for  supplying  the  Southern  and  Western  Markets  are  unsur- 
passed by  any  other  house  in  the  United  States.  As  business  men,  the  Messrs.  R.  A L.  have 
no  superiors  ; and  by  diligence  and  perseverance  they  now  rank  among  the  largest  dealers 
in  the  Country. — Editors . 


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RICHARD  EDWARDS . RALTIMORE , MAKYLAN  D 


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COLUMBIA 


I 


STATISTICAL  GAZETTEER 

OF  THE 


STATE  OF  MARYLAND, 


AND  THE 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

GIVING  A FULL  AND  COMPREHENSIVE  REVIEW  OF  THE  HISTORY,  PROGRESS 
PRESENT  CONDITION,  COMMERCIAL,  RAILROAD,  MANUFACTURING  AND 
INDUSTRIAL  RESOURCES  OF  EVERY  CITY  AND  TOWN  IN 
THE  STATE  AND  DISTRICT. 

EDITED  BY  RICHARD  EDWARDS. 

TO  WHICH  IS  APPENDED  A 

BUSINESS  DIRECTORY 

OF  THE  FEDERAL  METROPOLIS  AND  SUBURBS. 

[Entered,  according  to  the  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  Clerk’s  Office  of  the  Diftrict  Court  of  Maryland.} 


PUBLISHED  BY 

J.  S.  WATERS,  244  Market  St,  Baltimore,  and  WM.  M.  MORRISON  & Co. 
490  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  Washington. 


10  8 0 


restoha.tivi 


1 This  article,  which  has  made  so  many  wonderful  i Departments  of  State,  ladies  and  gentlemen  in  the 
eures,  was  discovered  by  Dr.  Jesse  Hampton,  who  was  > highest  walks  of  life,  as  well  as  those  moving  in  the 
born  in  Fredericksburgh,  Va.,  in  1775,  from  whence  ) most  humble  spheres,  speak  of  the  cures  on  themselves 
he  emigrated  with  his  father  in  177J  to  Kentucky,  ( and  friends  by  this  wonderful  article, 
then  a wilderness,  where,  lor  years,  he  lived  among  S In  proof  of  what  we  say  above  we  refer  you  to 
the  red  men  of  the  forest  and  learned  from  them  the  ; Hampton’s  Vegetable  Tincture  and  its  effects, 
uses  and  virtues  of  the  various  medicinal  plants.  ? The  wife  of  T.  W.  Teakle,  grocer,  778  Pearl  street, 

I It  has  shown  itself  most  powerfully  curative  of  (cured  of  Rheumatism  of  eight  years’  standing;  all 
| Nervous  Diseases  in  their  various  forms,  giving  new  S other  remedies  failed. 

life  and  vigor,  restoring  the  shattered  constitution,  and  ) Wm.  M.  Oldham,  late  of  the  Custom  House,  dwell- 
thus  infusing  hope  instead  of  despondency.  By  its  ? ing  128  Pine  street,  of  Dyspepsia  and  great  debility, 
i mild,  pleasant  and  safe  action  on  the  stomach,  liver,  ( permanently  cured. 

i kidneys,  lungs,  and  the  nervous  system,  it  cures  Dys-  S W.  A.  Shacffer,  Esq.,  one  of  the  oldest  magistrates 
pepsia  Liver  Complaint,  Diseases  of  the  Urinary  Or-  > and  most  highly  lespectable  citizens,  cured  of  great 
gans,  Coughs,  Asthma,  Bronchial  Affections,  Consump  ? weakness  and  restored  to  robust  health, 
tion,  Scrofula,  St.  Vitus’  Dance,  King’s  Evil,  Worms,  ( Jarrett  Plummer,  163  East  Baltimore  street,  suffered 
j Rheumatism,  Gout,  Neuralgia,  Fits,  Fistula,  Piles,  \ intensely  six  years,  with  hip  disease  and  mercurial 
with  diseases  arising  from  impure  blood.  > rheumatism;  cured,  after  all  other  remedies  failed, 

j The  female  system  has  in  Dr.  Hampton’s  Vegetable  ) Space  will  not  permit  us  to  name  hundreds  of  others 
j Tincture  a cure  for  its  numerous  and  complicated  de-  < — as  George  W.  Goodrich,  Capt.  Thomas  Canot,  Rob- 
j rangements.  Hundreds  who  have  been  debilitated  and  i ert  Gault,  James  Smyth,  cured  of  rheumatism. 

dispirited,  and  on  the  verge  of  a premature  grave,  have  > John  Pervall,  S.  A.  Griffith,  John  Luke,  Rev.  V. 
been  restored  by  its  use  to  blooming  health,  which  we  ) Eskridge,  U.  S.  Navy,  and  thousands  of  others  cured 
| are  abundantly  able  to  prove  by  such  a host  of  living  ( of  Dyspepsia,  Scrofula,  Coughs,  Liver  Complaints, 
witnesses  as  we  think  no  other  medicine  can  produce,  s Bronchitis,  St.  Vitus’  Dance,  &c.  We  refer  to  our 
Lawyers,  Doctors,  Bankers,  Ministers,  in  all  the } own  citizens.  Call  on  them. 

MORTIMER  & MOWBRAY,  Proprietors, 

| INTO.  240  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

SST  Sold  by  Druggists  and  Storekeepers  generally. 


Messrs.  Mortimer  & Mowbray's  establishment,  in  addition  to  being  the  great  bead-quarters 
for  Dr.  Hampton’s  widely  celebrated  Tincture,  is  one  of  the  most  extensive  wholesale  and 
retail  depots  for  all  kinds  of  Notions,  Combs,  Fancy  Goods,  &c.  Indeed,  a person  would 
think  that  Santa  Claus  had  just  arrived  from  a long  tour  through  Europe,  Asia,  India,  and 
Connecticut.  This  firm  has  been  established  for  twenty-five  years,  without  a change — not 
change , they  have  plenty  of  that. — [Editor. 


The  proper  design  of  a publication  of  this  kind  is  to  furnish  a comprehensive 
and  detailed  account  of  the  State,  embracing  its  civil  divisions,  population,  pro- 
ductions and  resources;  its  public  works,  its  means  of  general  intercourse,  and 
i ] its  principal  local  improvements;  in  short,  a picture  of  the  living,  acting,  grow- 
l ing  commonwealth,  with  the  manifold  means  and  agencies  by  which  its  affairs  are 
, ! conducted ; its  resources,  prosperity,  enterprise,  and  the  business  of  its  people 
t unfolded.  If  this  has  been  effected,  then  we  are  content,  and  hope  the  present 
! volume  will  approve  itself  to  our  advertising  friends  and  to  the  following  gentle- 
men whose  faith  induced  them  to  recommend  the  volume  as  forthcoming : 


BAKER  & BROTHER, 

§ A.  S.  KNIGHT, 

_ CHAUNCEY  BROOKS, 

£ CHARLES  D.  DeFORD  & CO. 
g CANFIELD,  BROTHER  & CO. 
-§  MORTIMER  & MOWBRAY, 

S STEIN  BROTHERS, 
j£  J.  R.  WARD  & CO. 

R.  Q.  TAYLOR, 

V JAMES  HAZLETT  & CO. 
i POOLE  & HUNT, 

MORRIS  & TRIMBLE, 

^ ELLICOTT  & HE  WES, 
g ANDERSON  & JESSOP, 
g SMITH  & ATKINSON, 
g RICE  & NORRIS, 

C SAMUEL  E.  TURNER, 


E.  H.  STABLER  & CO. 
ROBINSON  & LORD, 

JOHN  & JOSEPH  WALKER, 
LUCAS  BROTHER, 

CANNON  & MATTHEWS, 

N.  WALKER  & CO. 

W.  T.  WALTERS  & CO. 
WHITLEY  BROTHERS  & STONE, 
JOHN  RODGERS  & SON, 
GEORGE  PAGE  & CO. 

CHARLES  H.  ROSS  & CO. 

R.  B.  PORTER  & CO. 

HOPKINS  & FAIRCHILD, 
SHERWOOD  & CO. 

MEACHAM  & HEYWOOD. 

B.  F.  STARR  & CO. 

JOHN  H,  HASKFLL. 


We  trust  they  will  continue  the  very  liberal  patronage  thus  far  bestowed  upon 
our  efforts  to  present  their  Cards  and  Advertisements,  in  conjunction  with  that 
which  will  attract  the  attention,  not  only  of  the  business  community,  but  of  the 
public  generally.  As  announced  in  our  prospectus,  an  edition  will  at  once  be 
issued,  and  a copy  of  the  Work  will  be  placed  without  delay  on  the  principal 
hotels  South  and  West,  on  the  principal  boats  plying  in  the  various  rivers,  and 


in  such  other  public  places  where  they  will  be  most  likely  to  attract  the  attention 
of  Country  Merchants  and  the  traveling  public.  We  trust  that  before  the  second 
edition  is  published  many  more  will  be  willing  to  avail  themselves  of  the  benefits 


of  such  circulation  as  this  Work  must  have.  With  these  few  remarks,  and  with 


hearty  thanks  to  those  who  have  encouraged  the  undertaking,  we  commend  the 
Wprk  to  their  favorable  regard. 

i 


* °-056 


RICHARD  EDWARDS,  Editor. 


> J 


Baltimore,  March  1,  1856. 


OLD  ESTABLISHED  GAY  STKEET 


No.  25  N.  GAY  STREET,  NEAR  FAYETTE, 

BALTIMORE, 

Where  are  constantly  on  hand  and  manufactured  Parlor  French 
Tete-a-Tetes,  Arm  and  Fancy  Chairs,  and  Household  Furniture 
! of  every  variety,  from  the  most  costly  covered  Brocatelie  Parlor 
Sets  to  the  ordinary  Wooden  Seat  Chairs. 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


Title  Page, 

Preface,  .... 
Index  to  Advertisements,  &c. 
Journal  of  Progress,  . 

Map  of  Maryland,  . 
Baltimore  Board  of  Trade, 
Baltimore  Corn  Exchange, 
Government  of  Maryland,  . 
Finances  of  Maryland,  . 


General  Account  of  the  State,  ....  92 

Gazetteer  Alphabetically  Arranged,  . . . 177 

General  Account  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  . 292 

City  of  Washington, 3(71 

View  of  Baltimore  Female  College,  . . . 300 

View  of  Washington  Monument,  ....  306 

View  of  Baltimore, 82 

Interior  view  of  the  Senate  Chamber,  Washington,  14 
View  of  the  Lutherville  Female  College,  . 272 


INDEX 

TO  THE 


CARDS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS 


MOST  RELIABLE  AND  EXTENSIVE  MERCHANTS,  MANUFACTURERS  AND  BUSINESS  MEN 
OF  BALTIMORE,  CUMBERLAND,  FREDERICK,  HAGERSTOWN  AND  WASHINGTON 


Agricultural  Implements. 


Rice  & Norris, 

Hall  & McDowell,  .... 

A.  G.  Mott, 

Parker  & Whitlock, 

E.  Whitman  & Co., 

Montgomery  & Bro., 

294 
. 146 
220 
. 238 

Artists. 

D.  A.  Woodward, 

Attorneys. 

James  T.  McCullough,  .... 

Thomas  A.  Hopkins, 

Jacob  Brown, 

William  Walsh, 

98 
. 276 
276 

Brushes,  Brooms,  &c. 

Thomas  E.  Megraw, 

Marsh  & Co.,  ......  ^ 

George  Chipman, 

224 
. 248 
176 

Robinson  St  Lord,  . 


Blacksmith. 

Philip  Sindall, 

Bookbinders. 

George  Lyeett, 

. 222 

Booksellers  and 

Tsaac  P.  Cook, 

Publishers. 

84 

James  S.  Waters,  . 

Cushings  & Bailey, 

P 

John  Murphy  & Co., 

. 94 

John  Berger, 

220 

Medairy  & Musselman,  . 

. 92 

J.  Cathers  St  Bro., 

. 98 

Armstrong  & Berry, 

. 108 

W.  & J.  Crowley, 

126 

J.  C.  Hines  & Co.,  . 

J.  H.  Seymour,  .'  * 

282 

Andrew  Henderson, 288 

T.  Newton  Kurtz, 272 

Wm.M.  Morrison  & Co 8 

Soots  and  Shoes. 

H.  Henze, 184 

Levi  Perry, 258 

Wm.  S.  George, 118 

John  Neiss, 124 

A.  A.  Henderson, 146 

George  W.  Berry, 150 

T.  L.  Ball, 152 

H.  W.  ICerchner, 1 96 

George  S.  Clogg, 214 

C Emmerick, 252 

William  H.  Johnson, V 

Harman  Burns, 322 

takers,  Crackers,  Bread,  &c. 

James  D.  Mason  & Co., 148 

Welcome  White, 90 

R.  Mason, 

Bankers  and  Brokers. 

Wesley  B.  Tarr  & Co 124 

George  Reese  & Co., 126 

L.  G.  Curlett  &,  Co., 256 

Brick  Machine. 

Scribner,  Stansbury  & Co.,  ....  228 

Brewery. 

George  Miser, 132 

Boat  Builder. 

Levi  James, 166 

Boot  and  Shoxs. 

C.  Emmerick,  252 

William  H.  Johnson, 

Harmon  Burns, 322 


SOUTHERN  AND  WESTERN 


EDITED  BY 


HON.  J.  C.  G.  KENNEDY, 

LATE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  CENSUS,  ASSISTED  BY 

.RICHARD  EDWARDS. 

EDITOR  OF  THE  MARYLAND  GAZETTEER,  &C.f  &C. 

A MAGAZINE  FOR  THE  DESK  OF 

MERCHANTS,  PLANTERS,  AND  THE  HOMES  OF  BUSINESS  MEN. 


I Devoted  to  Trade,  Commerce,  Navigation,  Banking,  Mining,  Manufacturing,  Internal 
{ Improvements,  Canals,  Railroads,  Agriculture,  Education,  Events  of  the  Day,  Home  and 
J Foreign  ; the  Proceedings  of  Congress,  Acts  of  Government,  and  the  development  of  the 
j Internal  Resources  of  the  Country.  It  will  be  the  constant  aims  and  untiring  efforts  of  the 
I Editors  to  make  the  Journal  of  Progress  a Repository  of  the  latest  Information  INDISPEN- 
SABLE to  the  Statesman,  Political  Economist,  Jurist,  Financier.  Banker,  Broker,  ME- 
CHANIC, Inventor,  MANUFACTURER  and  FARMER.  It  will  be  found  peculiarly 
suited  to  the  wants  of  the  MERCHANT  and  BUSINESS  Man;  it  contains  a department 
upon  the  value  of  Bank  Notes  and  their  genuineness,  corrected  monthly;  state  of  the  Mar- 
kets in  the  several  Large  Cities,  the  progress  and  prospects  of  Crops,  supply,  demand; 
PRICES  CURRENT ; A RAILROAD  REPORTER,  giving  a comprehensive  view  of  those 
j great  highways  of  Commerce  and  Travel,  with  the  distances  and  fare,  arranged  as  diverg- 
ing from  the  Principal  Cities.  Political  only  to  the  extent  of  maintaining  the  Union,  de- 
veloping the  resources  and  defending  the  sovereignty  of  the  States.  Soon  to  commence  a 
series  of  Historical  Sketches  of  the  Commercial  CITIES  and  Large  Towns  of  the  South- 
ern and  Western  States,  embracing  a review  of  their  History,  progress,  population,  exhibit- 
ing their  ADVANTAGES,  &c.  On  this  point  we  shall  be  happy  to  receive  communica- 
tions from  our  Friends  throughout  the  country,  believing  that  the  constant  publication 
j of  such  facts  will  be  of  immense  benefit  to  the  places  thus  described.  The  first  City  in  J 
I these  Series  will  be  New  Orleans,  with  a large  and  beautiful  view,  superbly  engraved,  at  : 
1 very  heavy  expense,  expressly  for  the  Journal,  St.  Louis,  Richmond,  Mobile,  Charleston, 
Savannah,  Nashville,  Louisville,  and  others  will  follow.  Will  also  be  commenced  as  soon 
as  possible,  The  Union  Gallery  of  Portraits  and  Biographies  of  individuals  who  have  by 
industry,  energy,  integrity  and  business  tact,  achieved  the  position  at  the  head  of  their  re- 
spective classes.  Many  have  fought  the  great  battle  of  life  without  aid  or  even  sympathy, 
i and  their  History  will  enforce  the  great  lesson  to  new  beginners,  that  few  things  are  im- 
possible to  the  resolute  will,  under  guidance  of  a direct  and  straight-forward  principle  ; 
thus  we  hope  to  collect  such  information  as  may  effect  the  interests  of  the  Business  com-  ; 
mimity,  and  to  present  in  a form  available  for  reference,  and  convenient  for  preservation. 
Subscription  only  $2  per  annum  if  paid  in  advance. 

Agents  wanted  in  every  County  of  every  State  for  this  Journal,  on  which  a liberal 
commission  is  allowed,  being  the  largest  paid  by  any  valuable  Publication  in  tbe  World. — 
Those  applying  for  agencies  must  forward  a recommendation  from  one  or  more  Merchants 
and  the  Post  Master  of  the  Town.  No  other  application  noticed.  Specimen  numbers  sent 
to  any  part  of  the  country  on  application.  Proprietors  of  Newspapers  publishing  this 
Prospectus,  and  calling  attention  to  it  in  their  editorial  columns  will  receive  the  Journal  in 
exchange.  All  communications  to  be  forwarded  to  Journal  of  Progress,  Richmond,  Va. 

James  S.  Nason,  General  Agent  for  Maryland,  Delaware,  and  Pennsylvania,  73  Balti- 
more Street,  Baltimore.  For  sale  by  all  Booksellers.  «• 

Xo.  44  


FOR  THE  WEST. 

SITMORE  AND  OHIO  RAILROAD. 
Wd]i0M  CAMDEN  STREET  STATION. 

Nisi#  heeling  and  the  West,  Western  Maryland  and 
Of  Virginia,  daily,  except  Sunday,  at  twenty  min 
ft  seven  morning,  connecting  with  trains  to  Fred 
cepr'inchesler.  &c.,  (the  only  train  to  Winchester, 
iFrederick  with  stages  to  Hagerstown  and  Em 


nmodation  train  for  Frederick  daily,  except  Sun 
P.  M. 

ss  Train  for  Wheeling  and  the  West  daily,  at 
utes  past  five  P.  M.  Time  to  Wheeling  16  hours 


RAILROAD  LINES 


Connecting  Baltimore  with,  the  West. 

BALTIMORE  TO  CINCINNATI. 

1st.  By  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  to  Wheeling; 
Central  Ohio  Railroad  to  Columbus,  via  Cambridge, 
Zanesville,  and  Newark  ; and  Little  Miami  Railroad  to 
Cincinnati,  via  Xenia — total  distance,  635  miles. 

2d.  By  Northern  Central  Railway  to  Harrisburg; — 
Pennsylvania  Central  to  Pittsburg;  Ohio  and  Pennsylva- 
nia to  Crestline;  from  Crestline,  by  Cleveland  and  Co- 
lumbus Railroad,  to  Columbus;  and  by  Little  Miami 
Railroad  to  Cincinnati. — Total  distance  714  miles. 

CONNECTIONS  WITH  THE,  ABOVE. 

To  Indianapolis. — From  Xenia,  (by  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  and  Central  Ohio  Roads,)  by  Dayton  Road  to  Day- 
ton,  15  miles;  thence  by  Indiana  Central  and  Dayton  and 
Western  Railroad  to  Indianapolis,  108  miles;  via  Dod- 
son’s (Junction  Greenville  Railroad,)  Richmond,  (Junc- 
tion Cincinnati  and  Newcastle  Railroad,)  Centreville, 
Knightstown,  Charlotteville,  &c. — Distance  from  Balti- 
more, by  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  route,  694  miles. 

BALTIMORE  TO  CHICAGO.  TOLEDO , 
SANDUSKY, ; $c. 

By  Northern  Central  Railway  to  Alliance  ; thence  by 
Cleveland  and  Pittsburg  Railroad  to  Cleveland;  thence 
by  Toledo,  Norwalk  and  Cleveland  Railroad  to  Toledo, 
or  by  the  Northern  division  of  this  road  (now  called 
Cleveland  and  Toledo  Road)  to  Toledo,  via  Sandusky. 

Or,  from  Pittsburg  by’ Ohio  and  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
to  Mansfield,  thence  by  Newark  and  Sandusky  Railroad 
to  Monroeville,  junction  Norwalk  and  Toledo  Railroad  ; 
thence  to  Toledo  and  Chicago  as  above. 

Or,  from  Cleveland  to  Detroit  by  Steamboat  (Summer 
route,)  and  thence  by  Michigan  Central  Railroad  to  Chi- 
cago. 

By  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  to  Wheeling,  379 
miles  ; thence  by  Central  Ohio  Railroad  lo  Newark,  108 
miles;  thence  by  Sandusky  Railroad  101  miles,  to  Mon- 
roeville, 50  miles  from  Sandusky;  from  Monroeville,  by 
Toledo  and  Norwalk  Railroad  to  Toledo,  53  miles; 
thence  to  Chicago  by  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  247 
miles. — From  Baltimore  888  miles. 

FROM  CINCINNATI  TO  CHICAGO. 

There  are  four  different  lines  from  Cincinnati  to  In- 
dianapolis ; to  Lafayette  by  Lafayette  Railroad;  thence 
by  New  Albany  Road  and  Michigan  Central  Railroad 
to  Chicago.  Nearest  distance  about  300  miles. 

TO  LOUISVILLE. 

From  Cincinnati,  by  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Railroad  to 
Seymour,  87  miles;  from  Seymour  to  Jeffersonville  (on 
the  Ohio  river  opposite  Louisville,)  49  miles,  by  Jefler- 
sonville  and  Indianapolis  Railroad.  Passengers  ferried 
across. 

TO  ST.  LOUIS. 

By  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  and  Central  Ohio 
Railroad  to  Columbus  ; thence  to  Indianapolis;  thence 
by  Terre  Haute  and  Indianapolis  Railroad  to  Terre 
Haute;  thence  by  Evansville  and  Terre  Haute  Railroad 
to  Vincennes;  thence  by  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Railroad 
to  St.  Louis/ 

TO  ST.  LOUIS  BY  CHICAGO. 

By  either  of  the  lines  laid  down  above  to  Chicago; 
thence  by  the  Chicago,  Alton  and  St.  Louis  Railroad  to 
St.  Louis,  283  miles. 


FOR  THE  EAST. 

Lea  vs  Rail.  4rrii 

F.rpress  Train.  9 A.  M.  12  5 

Wav  Passenger  Train,  1 1 35  A.  M. 

Night  Express  Tnin.  6 4 5 P.  M. 

On  Sundays  at  6 45  P.  M.  only. 

Accommodation  Train  lor  Havre  de  Grace  daily  (ex- 
cep:  Sunday.'  at  4 P.  M.  Returning,  leaves  at  T 45  A.M. 

SPE  AAIKRS  FOR  THE  SOUTH. 

The  steamers  LOUSIAXA,  GEORGIA  and  NORTH 
CAROLINA.  for  Norfolk  and  the  South,  from  Union 
Hock,  foot  of  Concord  street,  daily,  except  Sundays,  at 
5 o'clock,  P.M.  (IQ-  For  other  steamboat  routes  see 
and  handbills. 


FOR  THE  SOUTH, 

in  Pnila,  For  WistnvnrM  and  Annapolis,  (by  Washington 
M.  ' I Branch)  at  4 15  and  9 15  morning,  and  at  3 and  5 15 
3 30  P.  M,  [afternoon.  The  first  and  last  trains  are  through 
1 P.M.  ! lines  for  the  South.  Pare  to  Annapolis  $1. 

I On  Sundays  at  4 15  only. 


FOR  THE  NORTH  AND  WEST, 


To  Annapolis  by  the  second  and  fourth  trains. 


FROM  WASHINGTON  TO  BALTIMORE. 

In  the  morning  at  six  and  half-past  eight;  afternoon  at 
three  and  quarter  before  five. 

Fare  each  way  $1  50— Round  trip  tickets  to  return  on 
day,  $-3. 


Northern  Central  Railway. 

From  Calvert  Station. 

CORNER  CALVERT  AND  FRANKLIN  STS. 

At  8 A.  M.,  for  York  and  Harrisburg,  and  connect- 
ing with  trains  for  Wrightsville,  Columbia,  Lancaster, 
Hanover,  Carlisle,  Gettysburg,  Cliambersburg,  Pitts- 
burg, and  the  West. 

On  Sundays  this  train  runs  through  to  Parkton 
only.  Returning,  leaves  Parkton  at  4 50  P.  M.,  arriv- 
ing in  Baltimore  at  6 25  P.  M. 


Way  Passenger  Train,  for  Parkton,  daily,  except 
Sunday,  at  4 P.  M. 

Express  Mail  Train,  daily  at  9 P.  M.  for  Harris- 
burg, and  connecting  with  the  cars  of  the  Pennsylva- 
nia Railroad  for  Pittsburg. 

To  Pittsburg  by  this  train  in  13  hours. 

Northern  Pennsylvania  & Western  New  York. 

From  Harrisburg  by  Dauphin,  Catawissa, Williams 
port,  and  Canandaigua  Railroads  to  Buffalo  and 
Niagara  Falls. 


FOR  THE  WEST. 

BALTIMORE  AND  OHIO  RAILROAD. 

FROM  CAMDEN  STREET  STATION. 

For  Wheeling  and  the  West,  Western  Maryland  and 
Western  Virginia,  daily,  except  Sunday,  at  twenty  min- 
utes pai-t  seven  morning,  connecting  with  trains  to  Fred- 
erick, Winchester.  &c.,  (the  only  train  to  Winchester,) 
and  at  Frederick  with  stages  to  Hagerstown  and  Kui- 
mittsbufg. 

Accommodation  train  for  Frederick  daily,  except  Sun- 
day at  4 P.  M. 

Express  Train  for  Wheeling  and  the  West  daily,  at 
past  five  P.  M.  Time  to  Wheeling  16  hours.) 


RAILROAD  LINES 


Connecting  Baltimore  with  the  West. 

BALTIMORE  TO  CINCINNATI. 

1st.  By  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  to  Wheeling; 
Central  Ohio  Railroad  to  Columbus,  via  Cambridge. 
Zanesville,  and  Newark  ; and  Little  Miami  Railroad  to 
Cincinnati,  via  Xenia — total  distance,  635  miles. 

2d.  By  Northern  Central  Railway  to  Harrisburg; — 
Pennsylvania  Central  to  Pittsburg;  Ohio  and  Pennsylva- 
nia to  Crestline;  from  Crestline,  by  Cleveland  and  Co- 
lumbus Railroad,  to  Columbus;  and  by  Little  Miami 
Railroad  to  Cincinnati.— Total  distance  714  miles. 

CONNECTIONS  WITH  THE.  ABOVE. 

To  Indianapolis. — From  Xenia,  (by  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  and  Central  Ohio  Roads,)  by  Dayton  Road  to  Day- 
ton,  1.5  miles;  thence  by  Indiana  Central  and  Dayton  and 
Western  Railroad  to  Indianapolis,  108  miles;  via  Dod- 
son’s (Junction  Greenville  Railroad,)  Richmond,  (Junc- 
tion Cincinnati  and  Newcastle  Railroad,)  Centreville, 
Knightstown,  Charlntteville,  &c. — Distance  from  Balti- 
more, by  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  route,  694  miles. 

BALTIMORE  TO  CHICAGO,  TOLEDO, 
SANDUSKY,  $c. 

By  Northern  Central  Railway  to  Alliance;  thence  by 
Cleveland  and  Pittsburg  Railroad  to  Cleveland;  thence 
by  Toledo,  Norwalk  and  Cleveland  Railroad  to  Toledo, 
or  by  the  Northern  division  of  this  road  (now  called 
Cleveland  and  Toledo  Road)  to  Toledo,  via  Sandusky. 

Or.  from  Pittsburg  by  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
to  Mansfield,  thence  by  Newark  and  Sandusky  Railroad 
to  Monroeville,  junction  Norwalk  and  Toledo  Railroad  ; 
thence  to  Toledo  and  Chicago  as  above. 

Or,  from  Cleveland  to  Detroit  by  Steamboat  (Summer 
route,)  and  thence  by  Michigan  Central  Railroad  to  Chi- 
cago. 

By  Baltimore  atul  Ohio  Railroad  to  Wheeling,  379 
miles  ; thence  by  Central  Ohio  Railroad  to  Newark,  IDS 
miles;  thence  by  Sandusky  Railroad  1 01  miles,  to  Mon- 
roeville, 51)  miles  from  Sandusky;  from  Monroeville,  by 
Toledo  and  Norwalk  Railroad  to  Toledo,  53  miles’; 
thence  to  Chicago  by  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  247 
miles. — From  Baltimore  888  miles. 

FROM  CINCINNATI  TO  CHICAGO. 

There  are  four  different  lines  from  Cincinnati  to  In- 
dianapolis ; to  Lafayette  by  Lafayette  Railroad;  thence 
by  New  Albany  Road  and  Michigan  Central  Railroad 
to  Chicago.  Nearest  distance  about  300  miles. 

TO  LOUISVILLE. 

Front  Cincinnati,  by  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Railroad  to 
Seymour,  87  miles;  from  Seymour  to  Jefiersonville  (on 
the  Ohio  river  opposite  Louisville,)  49  miles,  by  Jetier- 
sonville  and  Indianapolis  Railroad.  Passengers  ferried 
across. 

TO  ST.  LOUIS. 

By  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  and  Central  Ohio 
Railroad  to  Columbus  ; thence  to  Indianapolis;  thence 
by  Terre  Haute  and  Indianapolis  Railroad  to  Terre 
Haute;  thence  by  Evansville  »nd  Terre  Haute  Railroad 
to  Vincennes;  thence  by  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Railroad 
to  St.  Louis/ 

TO  ST.  LOUIS  BY  CHICAGO. 

By  either  of  the  lines  laid  down  above  to  Chicago; 
thence  by  the  Chicago,  Alton  and  St.  Louis  Railroad  to 
St.  Louis,  283  miles. 


I 


Bell  Hanger  and  Lock  Smith. 


W.  G.  Bitner, 

314 

Robert  Wible  fit  Co.,  .... 

T 

Carriage  Manufacturers. 

Mullmyer  &.  Hunter, 

12 

Thomas  Young 

324 

Bridgett  fit  Hall, 

326 

M.  McDermott, 

S.  L.  King, 

292 

Eli  Mobley  & Son,  . . . . , 

294 

Commission  Merchants. 

H.  Webb  St  Son, 

116 

Freeland,  Hall  St  Co.,  .... 

118 

Wesley  Starr  fit  Sons,  .... 

122 

Mitchell  fit  Edmondson,  .... 

138 

R.  M.  Lockwood  St  Co.,  .... 

142 

C.  C.  O’Neil, 

160 

C.  Kidder, 

172 

Fowler  8t  Zeigler, 

172 

Ellicott  fit  Hughes, 

188 

S.  J.  Sharp  fit  Co.,  .... 

192 

Matthews  fit  Zollickoffer,  .... 

244 

F.  Roloson&  Co.,  . 

252 

Wall,  Barnard  St  Co., 

328 

W.  H.  Bilmire, 

378 

G.  S.  Groshon,  ..... 

286 

John  McPherson,  of  Wm., 

288 

Jonathan  Tyson, 

288 

Humrichouse  fit  Bandel, 

258 

C.  D.  Hinks  fit  Co., 

268 

Chain  Manufacturer. 

George  Whitehouse,  .... 

# 

124 

Chair  Manufactory. 

B.  J.  Sparkiin, 

# 

194 

Copper  Smith. 


John  M.  Bruce,  . 

Carpeta. 

G.  S.  Griffith  fit  Brother, 
Sebastian  Rosemer,  . 


China  and  Queeusvvare. 

Robert  T.  Banks,  . 

W.  Thos.  Valiant,  . . . * , 

P.  Starrs, 

Marston  & Bro., 

James  Pawley,  Jr.,  8t  Bro.,  . , ' . 

George  VV.  Bokee, 

E.  fit  VV.  Bennett, 


Clothing,  Ready  Made. 

Hopkins  & Fairchild, 

Noah  Walker  St  Co.— View  of  New  Buildin*  in 

next  Edition, ° 

J.  W.  Richardson  fit  Co.,  . . * . 

Chemicals. 

James  H.  Stimpson, 

Wm.  M.  Davison, 

Coat  Trimmings. 

Richard  Thompson, 

A.  Campbell, 

Clocks. 

John  Mann, 

Carver  and  Gilder. 

J.  Wagner, 

Commercial  Institute. 

R.  H.  Gallagher, 

Cedar  ware. 

Robinson  & Lord, 

George  Chipman, * 

Marsh  & Co., 


224 

132 


124 

152 

184 

248 

S 

268 


232 

114 


224 

11 


160 

198 


108 


328 


176 


Confectioners. 

Alexander  Butcher,  .... 

L.  G.  Curlett, 

Nathaniel  Holmes,  Jr.,  . . . . 

Martin  Hatter, 

John  Creamer, 

Coal  Dealers. 

J.  B.  Youngs, 

Semmes  & Cockey,  . 

Corks. 

George  Flattich, 

Distillers  of  Alcohol. 

John  Higbee  & Co.,  ". 

Doctors. 

Dye  Stuffs,  Acids,  <fec. 

R.  J.  Baker, 

Dyer,  French. 

F.  Guerands, 


Daguerreotypes. 


J.  D.  Marsters,’ 

M.  P.  Enseys,  . 

Perkins,  .... 

E.  Beauharnais  Wheedon,  . 


Daguerreotype  Materials. 


128 

256 

166 

152 

90 


162 

196 


180 

214 

130 

142 


226 

O 

X 

166 


William  A.  Wisong,  .... 

162 

Dental  Depot. 

Henry  Snowden, 

180 

Dentists. 

Dr.  D.  McFarlan, 

32(T 

C.  H.  Van  Patten,  . . . . . . 

326 

Drugs  and  Medicines. 

John  fit  Joseph  Walker, 

124 

J.  Irwin  Smiih  fit  Co.,  . 

138 

Dr.  Moses  McLane,  .... 

150 

Dr.  John  W.  Williams,  .... 

166 

Ford  8t  Brother, 

306 

Z.  D.  Gilman, 

308 

VV.  H.  Gilman, 

310 

J.  Sehwartze, 

318 

Dunbar  S.  Dyson, 

320 

Nairn  fit  Palmer, 

320 

Martin  P.  King, 

322 

John  Cathers, 

100 

T.  W.  Betton, 

110 

Charles  Stott, 

328 

J.  J.  Hunt, 

284 

Mortimer  fit  Mowbray,  .... 

2 

E.  H.  Stabler  & Co.,  .... 

B 

Dr.  F.  Schley 

290 

Davis  fit  Miller, 

. 

Dry  Goods. 

Brooks,  Fahnestock  & Co.,  . . . 

156 

Orem,  Hopkins  fit  Co.,  .... 

Whiteley  Bro.  & Stone,  .... 

156 

Duvall,  Keighler  fit  Co., 

232 

J.  Nixon  8t  Son, 

326 

Vernon  Hebb, 

376 

H.  Rosenbach, 

282 

F.  Markell, 

R.  McEldowney  fit  Co.,  . . . . 

266 

N 

R.  W.  Dryden, 

Hamilton  fit  Easter— next  Edition, 

George  H.  Simmons,  . 

# 

262 

Uriah  Jones,  Jr., 

264 

Enameled  Furniture. 
Engravers,  Designers,  Lithographers,  &c. 


N. Johnson, 
M.  Hart, 


\. 


Flour,  &c. 


G.  S.  Groshon, 

C.  D.  Hinks  8t  Co., 


286 

268 


THE  BALTIMORE  PRICE  CURRENT, 

AND  WEEKLY  JOURNAL  OF  COMMERCE, 

Devoted  exclusively  to  the  publication  of  Commer- 
cial and  Shipping  Intelligence. 

Contains  a reliable  and  comprehensive  Review  of  the 
Baltimore  Market,  an  elaborate  list  of  Prices  Current, 
and  notices  of  Foreign  Markets;  a list  of  all  the  Import- 
ations, Foreign  and  Coastwise,  at  this  Port ; Statisti- 
cal Tables,  embracing  Importations  and  Exports  of 
leading  articles  at  this  Port  for  the  previous  and  current 
years;  Inspections  of  Flour  and  Tobacco  for  the  same 
period;  Stock  and  Money  Matters,  Vessels  in  Port,  Ar- 
rivals and  Clearances  of  Vessels  each  week,  in  addition 
to  regular  selections  of  Articles  of  general  interest  and 
importance  to  the  Mercantile  community.  Published 
every  Saturday  Morning  in  Exchange  Buildings. 

GEO.  U.  PORTER,  THOS.  W.  TOBIN, 

EDITORS  AND  PROPRIETORS. 

A Letter  Sheet  Price  Current  is  also  published  in  con- 
nection with  the  above. 

TERM  S: 

Subscription,  $5  per  annum  ; Advertising,  $10  per  An. 


BALTIMORE  PATRIOT, 

PUBLISHED 

DAILY,  TRI- WEEKLY  AND  WEEKLY, 

B Y 

J.  F.  McJilton,  W.  H Carpenter  & Jno.  Wills, 

EDITORS  AND  PROPRIETORS, 

UNDER  THE  FIRM  OF 

McJILTON,  WILLS  & CARPENTER, 

N.  W.  Cor.  Baltimore  and  North  Streets. 

TERMS. 


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and  the  public  generally,  to  the  Baltimore  Patriot 
as  a commercial  and  family  paper,  second  to  none  in 
the  city.  To  the  Advertising  community,  its  largely 
increasing  circulation,  both  at  home  and  abroad,  offers 
a favorable  opportunity  lor  a judicious  dissemination 
of  mercantile  intelligence. 


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Contains  all  the  interesting  news  of  the  SIX  DAILV 
PAPERS,  without  the  Advertisements,  and  is  mailed 
in  strong  envelopes,  to  Subscribers  in  all  parts  of  the 
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Daily  Clipper,  $4  per  Annum,  in  advance. 

BALTIMORE  CLIPPER  JOB  PRINTING  ES- 
TABLISHMENT, 

No.  134:  Baltimore  Street. 

BULL  & TUTTLE,  PRACTICAL  JOB  PRINT- 
ERS, beg  leave  to  call  the  attention  ol  their  friends 
and  the  public  to  their  extensive  facilities  for  the  exe- 
cution of  JOB  PRINTING  of  every  description. 


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Circulated  daily  in  Railroad  Cars,  Steamboats,  §c 

Office,  77  Baltimore  Street, 

Circulation  1,000  Copies  per  day. 


BALTIMORE1  AMERICAN 

AND 

COMMERCIAL  ADVERTISER, 
DAILY,  TRI-WEEKLY  AND  WEEKLY. 

Published  at  No.  138  Baltimore  St. 
EY  DOBBIN  dj  FXJIiTOM. 

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THE  BALTIMORE  REPUBLICAN, 

The  only  Daily  Democratic  Paper  in  the  city,  is  pub- 
lished EVERY  EVENING,  except  Sundays,  and  con- 
tains current  news — Political,  Commercial  and  Miscel- 
laneous. Terms  of  the  Daily,  $4.00  per  year,  Tri- 
Weekly  for  the  Country,  $3;  Weekly,  $1  in  advance. 
Edited  and  Published  by  B.  H.  RICHARDSON  and 
A.  G.  ALLEN,  under  the  firm  of 

B.  H.  RICHARDSON  & CO. 

Office,  Corner  of  Gay  and  Baltimore  Streets. 

The  Republican  is  one  of  the  best  advertising  News- 
papers of  the  State. 


Baltimore  ftotljfiniser. 

Office,  166  Baltimore  Street, 

Next  door  West  of  Adams ’ Express  Office. 

Circulation  300,000  per  Annum.  Distrib- 
uted daily  in  all  the  trains  of  Cars  as  they 
approach  the  City  of  Baltimore,  and  upon  all 
the  Steamboats  entering  the  harbor. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  a large  circu- 
lation by  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad 
Company,  West  of  the  Ohio,  upon  the  Roads 
conveying  towards  their  own. 

J.  NEWTON  & CO.,  Publishers. 


DAILY  REGISTER, 

PUBLISHED  BY 

•W  IkE  . 23T  . rffa  C O. 

Office,  No.  166  Baltimore  Street, 

Next  door  West  of  Adams'  Express  Office. 
Contains  the  list  of  arrivals  at  the  principal 
Hotels  of  the  City.  PUBLISHED  EVERY 
MORNING,  except  Sundays. 


AMERICAN  FARMER, 

Published  in  the  city  of  Baltimore  by 

S.  SANDS  Sl  WORTHINGTON, 

128  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

Between  North  Calvert  and  North  Streets. 

At  $1  per  Annum.  This  is  the  oldest  agricul- 
tural Journal  in  the  United  States  ; and  al- 
though circulated  in  every  State  of  the  Union, 
yet  is  principally  devoted  to  the  interests  of 
the  farmers  of  the  Middle,  Southern  and  South- 
Western  States. 


Freight. 

Philadelphia  and  New  York, 

Files  and  Rasps. 

H.  Wiskenian  & Co.,  .... 

Fire  Engine  Builders. 

William  M.  Ives,  . . . . ' . 

John  Rodgers  & Son,  .... 


Fancy  Goods,  Notions,  &c. 


F.  Fickey  & Sons,  . 
Lewis  Lauer&  Co., 
Coale  & Cugle, 

Jones  Passano,  . 

H.  F.  Alberti  & Co., 
Forman,  Sickel  &.  Co. 


Furniture. 


Meacham  & Heywood, 
Mathiot, 

John  McMulIan, 

Sears  &.  Phillips, 

E.  Mount, 

Adam  Michel, 

J.  H.  Logan  & Co., 

G.  J.  Doll,  . 

Hanson  & Banks,  . 
Frederick  Schroeder,  . 
J.  R.  Ward  & Co.,  . 


French  Burr-Stones. 


Morris  & Trimble, 
B.  F.  Starr  & Co., 


Gas  and  Gas  Fixtures. 


John  Richards,  . 

Blair  & Co.,  . 

Samuel  G.  Acton, 

Maryland  Portable  Gas  Co., 
Augustus  Wagner, 


Gun's  and  Pistols. 


C.  H.  Munck,  ..... 

310 

Groceries. 

C.  C.  O’Neil, 

160 

Francis  Grove,  .... 

98 

H.  Webb  & Son,  .... 

116 

Mitchell  & Edmondson, 

138 

John  Brusnan, 

150 

Thomas  H.  Travers  & Co.,  . 

# 

164 

George  W.  League  & Co.,  . , , 

172 

Charles  Reese  & Co.,  . . . 

196 

G.  H.  Reese  & Brothers, 

208 

George  Hollins,  .... 

, 228 

Duvall  & Tglehart,  .... 

230 

H.  H.  Voss, 

306 

B.  J.  Semmes, 

314 

Thompson,  Hamilton  & Co.,  . 

• 

, 318 

P.  Tiernan  & Co.,  .... 

H 

Hair  Dresser. 

Geo.  M.  Millers,  .... 

, 324 

Hardware. 

Anderson  & Jessop,  . . . , 

138 

J.  E.  & G.  M.  McComas, 

# # 

188 

C.  W.  Greenfield,  .... 

190 

A.  Campbell,  ..... 

• 

, 198 

James  Foy, 

# 

210 

E.  M.  Bosley, 

, 230 

T.  L.  Beall  & Co.,  .... 

• 

274 

Hatters. 

George  A.  Warder  & Co., 

, 136 

R.  Q.  Taylor,  . . . 

154 

Boston  & Price,  .... 

190 

Edward  Burns, 

196 

G.  K.  Quail, 

, 206 

Cox, 

252 

John  T.  Evans,  .... 

, 314 

Joseph  Walsh,  ..... 

282 

Geo.  Updegraff  & Son,  • . , 

• • 

. 292 

146 


214 


224 

244 


246 

248 


4 

178 

90 

136 

218 

240 

286 

O 

296 

L 


120 


174 

162 

200 

298 

K 


Hermetically  Sealed  Provisions. 

E.  C.  Thomas  & Sons,  .....  120 

Raborg  & Campbell, 214 

House  Carpenters. 

B.  H.  Start, ........  152 

G.  W.  Shryock  & Brother,  .....  U 

Hack  Proprietor. 

James  Garvey,  

Hotels. 

N.  Simons’ Hotel, 126 

Black  Horse,  .......  132 

National  Hotel,  .......  164 

American  Hotel, 

Dexter’s  Hotel, 274 

Revere  House— Engraving  in  next  Edition,  . ' 280 
St.  Nicholas  Hotel, ig 

House  Furnishing  Goods. 

Cortland  & Co., . 254 

Frederick  Evans, 206 

India  Rubber  Goods. 

E.  M.  Punderson  & Co.,  ..... 
Insurance  Companies  and  Agents. 

Baltimore  Life  Insurance  Company,  . 

John G.  Proud  & Sons,  ..... 


240 


136 

134 


Iron  Founders. 

Poole  & Hunt, 

Charles  Reeder, 

George  Page  & Co.,  .... 

James  Bates,  ..... 

Paul  & Brother,  ..... 

Hall  & McDowell,  .... 

Muriay  & Hazelhurst,  .... 

Lumber  Merchants. 

Burns  & Sloan, 

E.  J.  Church, ' , 244 

Leather  Belting. 

John  H.  Haskell, 

Leather  Dealers. 


. 140 

142 
202—204 
256 
. 282 
294 
. 11 


206 


Maynard  & Rose,  . 
Spear  & Cole, 

David  Startzman,  . 
Grupy  & Stansbury, 


252 

236 

244 

260 

Lithographers. 

Hunckle  & Son, . 11 

Measurer. 

Nathan  T.  Dushane, 126 

Music  Publisher. 

Henry  McCaffrey, O 

Liquors  and  Wines. 

Thomas  J.  Flack, 122 

Thomas  Robinson, ]22 

Sloan  & Calwell,  .......  128 

Charles  H.  Ross  &,  Co.,  .....  160 

W.  T.  Walters  & Co.,  158 

Hamilton  & Leach, 324 

Yalentine  S.  Brunner, 286 

James  Hazlitt  &.  Co.  have  removed  from  their 
old  stand  to  the  large  and  spacious  Building 
South  Gay  Street — opposite  the  Exchange,  . 212 

P.  Tiernan  & Co., . H 

Looking  Glasses  and  Picture  Frames. 

M.  Barrett  & Bro.,  . ....  104 

John  Mann, 

C.  H.  Leonard  & Co., 208 

L.  Eckhardt, 246 

Machinists’  Tools. 

Shriver  & Brothers, 278 


BENJAMIN  T.  HYNSON, 

UPHOLSTER 


-A-3STX> 


iMtfim 

MANUFACTURER, 

No.  52  NORTH  HOWARD  ST. 

ONE  DOOR  ABOVE  LEXINGTON, 

P^LTDIM1©1R1. 


Paper  Hangings. — Constantly  in  store  and  for  sale  Paper  Hangings  of  every  description 
and  of  the  latest  and  most  approved  patterns.  Also,  Borders,  Fire  Board  Prints,  &c.  Paper 
Hanging  done  in  the  best  style. 

Venetian  Blinds — Keeps  on  hand  and  manufactures  to  order,  Venetian  Blinds  of  all  colors, 
sizes  and  qualities,  which  will  compare  favorably  with  any  offered  to  the  public.  Old  Blinds 
repainted  and  trimmed,  or  exchanged. 

"JAMES  C.  G.  KEXfMEDY 

Will  take  charge  of  business  to  be  transacted  with  any  of  the  Departments  of  Goverment, 
and  prepare  cases  for  the  action  of  Congress  or  the  Court  of  Claims.  During  the  session  of 
Congress  he  may  be  found  in  the  room  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs,  or  at  his 

OFFICE,  No.  470  H St.,  WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


REFERENCES: 


Hon.  John  M.  Clayton, 
Hon.  J.  A.  Pearce, 

Hon.  John  J.  Crittenden, 
Hon.  R.  Toombs, 

Hon.  R.  W.  Johnson, 


Of  the 
’ Senate. 


Hon.  A.  C.  M.  Pennington, 
Hon.  Alex.  H.  Stephens, 
Hon.  David  Ritchie, 


Of  the 
House  of 

Hon.  John  Dick,  J BePrese“’s- 

Messrs.  Gales  & Seaton,  Washington,  D.  C. 


TO 


wai  swMismi 


RYAN  & RICKETTS, 


No.  9 Holliday  Street,  near  Baltimore  St. 
ffiALTIMOSE, 

Keep  always  on  hand  Job  and  Fancy  Type,  Newspaper  Heads,  Cuts,  Brass  Rule,  Dashes  of 
all  kinds,  Composing  Sticks,  Brass  Galleys,  and  every  description  of  Printers’  Material. 
Stereotyping  in  all  its  branches  neatly  executed.  Electrotyping  of  every  description  done  in 
superior  manner.  Punctuality  may  always  be  relied  on. 


INDEX. 


Marble  Works,  Stone  and  Granite  Cutters. 


Sisson  & Baird, 130 

Forrester  & Keister, 150 

A.  J.  Abrams, 152 

Gault  & Brother,  208 

Silverwood  & Shpckclls, 96 

Oliver  & Flemming, 146 

Joseph  W.  Kelly, 316 

John  W.  Maxwell, 262 

Thomas  Symington, 266 

Mathematical  Instruments. 

F.  W.  & R.  King, 84 

John  Jones, 92 

Richard  Patten  & Son, 222 

Merchant  Tailors. 

J.  W.  Richardson  & Co., 114 

James  Alexander, 11 

S.  Brooks, 88 

Millinery  Goods. 

Armstrong,  Cator  & Co., 96 

Benjamin  Crane  &.  Co., 88 

Levi  Goldenberg, 122 

Lewis  Lauer  & Co., 244 

Milliners. 

F.  V.  Auld, 90 

Mrs.  L.  Allen, 306 

Mrs.  J.  B.  Conner, 258 

Restaurants. 

Adolphus  Auer, 88 

W.  H.Kunsman, 112 

Charles  Warner, 306 

Wm.  T.  Doniphan, 312 

Bender  & Dubans, 312 

N.  M.  Sheldon, 314 

Provisions,  Porlt  and  Beef. 

W.  F.  Pentz,  ...  s ....  14p 
Charles  Mallard, 326 

Periodicals  and  Papers* 

The  Baltimore  American, 12 

Baltimore  Price  Current, 12 

Baltimore  Clipper, 12 

Baltimore  Patriot,  .......  12 

The  Baltimore  Republican, 12 

American  Farmer, 12 

American  Democrat, 14 

The  Traveler,  . 12 

Daily  Register, 12 

Baltimore  Pathfinder, 12 

Frederick  Examiner, 288 

Journal  of  Progress, Y 

American  Chronicle, 292 

Hagerstown  Mail, 294 

Frederick  Herald, ' . £96 

JBible  Times,  . 14 

The  Spectator, 310 

Optician. 

P.  B.  Sadtler  & Sons, 190 

John  Tobias, 310 

Organ  Manufactory. 

Pomplitz  & Rodewald,  ......  242 

Paper  Dealers. 

A.  L.  Knight, 302 

Paper  Hangings. 

D.  C.  Noyes, 222 

J.  C.  Golder  & Bro., 236 

W.  H.  Griffith, 242 

B. T.  Hynson, 14 

Plumbers. 

James  Reilly  & Son,  .*....  132 

Roche  & McCart, 132 

John  W.  Bechtel, 226 

John  Reese, 326 

A.  J.  Lyons, 264 

Worley  & Mahaney, 266 


Plane  Manufacturer. 


A.  B.  Seidenstricker  & Co.,  ....  134 

Piano  Fortes. 

William  Knabe  &.  Co., 144 

Gaehle  & Co., 168 

Eggart  & Bobeth, 206 

Henry  Hartze  & Co., 218 

Stirn  B' others, 238 

Louis  Stirn  & Co., 246 

Neil,  Duross  & Co., 88 

Khun  &.  Ridgeway, F 

Printing  Ink  and  Material. 

B.  T.  Fellows, -236 

Ryan  & Ricketts 14 

Printers. 

Murphy  & Co., 94 

Sherwood  & Co., 90 

John  P.  Des  Forges, 198 

Painters, 

Roach  & Cline, W 

Saddlery  and  Harness,  Trunk,  &c. 

Bartus  Wilkins, 108 

Samuel  Hunt, 196 — 118 

John  D.  Hammond, 120 

Henry  P.  Vey, 122 

£ilas  Phelps, 210 

Robert  Lawson, 224 

Spices,  Starch  and  Soda. 

George  Pearson, 212 

William  H.  Crawford, 266 

Charles  H.  Pitt, 262 

William  H.  Crawford, 266 

G.  W.  Wait  & Son, 326 

Scales  and  Balances. 

Jesse  Marden, 112 

Richard  Murdoch, 248 


Card  Riveted  Hose,  &c. 


John  H.  Haskell, 116 

Safes,  Iron. 

S.  I.  Sharp  & Co., 192 

W.  McFarland  & Co., 18a 

Herrings, 5 

Sashes  and  Door  Blinds. 

George  O.  Stevens  & Co., 106 

Saws,  Circular. 

William  Toland, 162 

Sewing  Machines. 

I.  M.  Singer  & Co.,  . ....  250 

W.  Merrell, 268 

Shirts. 

W.  H.  Faulkner, 318 

S.  C.  Winchester, 102 

Silk  and  W hite  Goods. 

Armstrong,  Cator  & Co., 96 

Benjamin  Crane  & Co., 88 

Silver  Plated  Ware. 

Henry  Adams, 84 

William  Brown  & Co., , 128 

Elmer  & Sipes, 210 

Cortlan  & Co., 254 

Soap. 

James  Armstrong  & Co., 236 

Charles  Faringer,  . 242 

Tobacco  and  Snuff. 

G.  W.  Gail, 86 

John  T.  Hennaman, ; 188 

Charles  D DeFord  & Co., T 

David  R.  Groves, 166 

Forsyth  & Irvin, S 


WM.  DAVISON. 


AUG.  G.  MEYER. 


WM.  II.  WILSON. 


WILLIAM  DAVISON  & CO. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


Chemicals,  faints,  llarmsjp,  $x. 

No.  104  Street, 

Sam  aasas. 

HUNOKEL  & SON, 


BRANCH  OF  THE 


llfR 


IN  BREMEN, 

No.  34  SECOND  STREET, 

^3  ILa  <=□?  32  £A££  CS>  333  lALl  ® 

Through  our  extensive  arrangements,  we  are  able  to  compete,  in  regard  to  cost  and  beauty  of  execution,  with 
any  House  in  the  United  States. 

Q(jr-  Always  on  hand  a large  stock  of  Lithographic  Stones,  Bronzes,  and  all  kinds  of  Paper,  imported  direct 
from  Europe. 

(A  Specimen  of  our  Lithographic  Work  will  be  published  in  the  Second  Edition  of  this  Book. 

JAM  es~-alexander~ 


111 


V 

No.  18  N.  Howard  St.  opposite  Howard  House, 

BALTIMORE, 

WHERE  MAY  AT  ALL  TIMES  BE  FOUND  A CHOICE  SELECTION  OF 


9 


MURRAY  & HAZLEHURST, 

(yAMa!  AAUI 


J)(VU|A(V\Mix 

BUILDERS  OF  MARINE,  STATIONARY  AND  RAILWAY 
VULCAN  WOBKS,  BALT. 


INDEX. 

Tin, and  Sheet  Iron  Ware. 

John  Gormley,  .......  184 

j John  F.  Helm, . 2<2 

Robinson  & Kremer, 96 

E L.  H.  Glger, 138 

1 John  G.  Hetzell, 226 

Keen  St  Hagerty, 240 

William  Gluck,' 252 

Wm.  H.  Harrover,  ......  312 

H.  Grouts W 

Ward  & France, 260 

Tin  Plates,  Sheet  Iron,  &c. 

E.  L.  Parker  & Co.,  230 

Sugar  Refinery. 

Egerton,  Dougherty,  Woods  & ®o.,  . . . 270 

Maryland  Refining  Co.,  * R 

Sargic*l  Instruments,  &e. 

a W.  S.  Nicholson, 96 

Ship  Chandler. 

R.  C.  Waite, 138 

Schools. 

| Franklin  Hall, 222 

N.  C.  Brooks,  300, 

Stationers. 

John  Williams, . 218 

John  Berger, 220 

Isaac  P.  Cook, €4 

Medairy  & Musselman, 92 

John  P.  Des  Forges, 198 

Stoves  and  Castings. 

William  S.  Brown, 296 

James  Shirning, . 322 

!E.  L.  H.  Gerger,  . . . , 138 

(Robinson  & K reroer,  . . . . . . 96 

A.  Worley  & Mahaney, 266 

Snyder  St  Bouis, 296 

Umbrellas,  Canes,  &c. 

Jas.  H.  Millikin  & Son, 102 

E.  M.  Punderson  & Co., 240 

Francis  Beehler,  . 258 

Upholsterers. 

Walter  Crook,  Jr 116 

John  McMullen, 178 

B.  T.  Hynson, 14 

Undertakers. 

Anthony  Buckly, 324 

Watches  & Jewelry. 

George  W.  Webb 170 

Canfield,  Bro.  & Co., A 

Alex.  L.  Spear, 172 

Charles  Blake,  ......  174-206 

Charles  T.  Holloway, 180 

C.  A.  S.  Wolf, 102 

E.  B.  McClees, J 

William  Brown  & Co., 128 

J.  Alexander, 198 

H.O.  Hood, 316 

Michael  Hoffa  & Co., 324 

J.  P.  Wright,  274 

S.  T.  Little, 276 

R.  Brown, G 

Ham  & Cushings, C 

Window  Shades. 

Baker  & Cushman,.  ......  216 

D.  C.  iVoyes,  . 222 

Watchmakers'’  Tools,  &c. 

Henry  May  &.  Brother, 230 

Wagon  Maker. 

H&ush  & Steck, .150 

Washing  Machine. 

E.  M.  Bosley, j 

Water  Cure  Establishment. 

0.  C.  Schieferdecker,  M.  U., 308 

TOE  HI  MFOOEY  ff  TOE  1EYM1  STATE  DIE  SlilY, 

3STo.  75  EAST  FAYETTE  STREET, 

Is  always  supplied  with  Bibles  and  Testaments  of  every  size  and  variety  of  binding.  Besides 
tbe  supply  of  tbe  destitute  and  our  auxiliaries,  tbe  Society  contemplates  sales  on  liberal  terms 
to  any  class  of  purchasers,  as  their  object  is  the  circultion  of  the  Scriptures  by  every  lawful 
means. 

THE  BIBLE  TIMES 

Is  designed  for  the  promotion  of  all  Bible  in- 
terests— in  Homes,  Schools,  Colleges,  Asylums 
of  Benevolence,  State  Institutions,  Places  of 
Business  and  Pleasure — in  a word,  among  all 
ages,  classes,  and  conditions  of  people,  wher- 
ever it  can  be  circulated  ; “For  who  hath  de- 
spised the  day  of  small  things  ? ” 

PUBLICATION  TERMS,  &c. 

For  the  present  the  Bible  Times  will  be  Is- 
sued only  once  a month — beginning  the  vol- 
ume with  the  April  number  and  closing  with 
the  December  number ; so  as  to  begin  the  next 
Volume  with  January.  This  First  Volume 
(nine  Numbers)  will  be  furnished  for  25  cents, 
or  five  copies  to  one  address  for  $1 ; twelve  cop- 
ies for  $2 ; twenty  copies  for  $3  ; twenty-eight 
copies  for  $4;  and  forty  copies  for  $5 — in 
advance. 

T,  H.  STOCKTON, 

68  Lexington  St.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

THE  AMERICAS  DEMOCRAT 

, Will  be  published  every  morning  (Sundays 
excepted)  by  the  American  Publishing  Asso- 
ciation, at  the  rate  of  $4  per  annum,  payable 
in  advance. 

Office,  No.  158  Baltimore  Street, 

UNDER  THE  MUSEU  3VE- 

$£3*  Persons  desirous  of  becoming  subscri- 
bers will  please  hand  in  their  names  and  resi- 
dences at  the  office  of  publication. 

.^35**  All  Business  Communications  must  be 
addressed  to 

ABRAM  REQTTA,  Gen.  Agt. 

Museum  Buildings,  Baltimore,  Md. 

(Tin  Ettitesitp  iltmt&ics 

ISSUED  UNDER  THE  SEAL,  SANCTION  AND  AUTHORITY  OF 

the  UNIVERSITY  of 


CHARTERED  WITH  A CAPITAL  OF  100,000, 

For  the  purpose  of  arresting  the  Evils  of  Worthless  and  Spurious  Nostrums;  also  to  supply 
Families  and  others  with  Reliable  Family  Medicines ; 'where  the  best  Medical  Advisers-  cannot  or 
will  not  be  employed. 

This  Institution  has  purchased  of  Dr.  JOHN  R.  ROWAND,  Graduate  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  (its  present  Pres’t  and  Head  of  the  Pharmaceutical  Department,)  the  celebrated 
ROWAND’S  TONIC  MIXTURE,  known  for  twenty-five  years  as  the  only,  sure  remedy 
for  FEYER  AND  AGUE,  and  kindred  diseases;  also, 

ROWAND’S  COMPOUND  SYRUP  OF  BLACKBERRY  ROOT,  the  inestimable 
Remedy  for  ROWEL  COMPLAINTS,  which,  together  with  its  own  Family  Remedies , to  he  pro" 
vided,  for  every  disease , that  can  be  safely  treated  in  this  way,  including 


The  University’s  Remedy, 
The  University  s Remedy, 
The  University’s  Remedy, 
The  University’s  Remedy, 
The  "University’s  Remedy,  1 
The  University’s  Remedy,  r 
The  University’s  Remedy, 

(in  the  form  of  Pills, ) 

The  University’s  Remedy, 

(An  Elegant  Extract, ) 


Expressly 
designed  ( 
for  the 
relief  and 
cure  of 


Complaints  of  the  lungs, 
Dyspepsia  or  Indigestion, 

Costive  Bowels. 

Sore  Eyes, 

Ear  -Ache.  Dry  Ears,  and  Deafness, 
Tooth-Ache, 

Ague, 

Cholera  or  Diarrhoea. 


The  University  is  depositing  wherever  it  can  procure  respectable  Agents  for  the  purpose. 
Application  for  Agencies  will  be  received  at  the  Office  and  Home  Dispensary, 

No.  68  Arch  Street,  Philadelphia. 

JOHN  R.  ROWAND,  M.  D.,  President. 

Sold  by  E.  H.  STABLER  & CO.,  and  CAHBY  & HATCH, 

BALTIMORE, 

And  by  all  respectable  Druggists  throughout  the  Union. 


INTERIOR  VIEW  OF  TITE  UNITED  STATES  SENATE  CHAMBER. 


Information  for  the  Million ! j Merchants  & Planters  Messenger; 


GREAT  NATIONAL  WORK 

PEEPAHED  FOR  THE 

OMITEO  STATES  GOVERNMENT 

At  an  Expenditure  of  over 

Half  Million  of  Hollars  ! 

Superbly  Illustrated  with  Views  of  the  Principal  Cities  and  Large  ; 
Towns  throughout  the  Country,  and  a Map  of  the  Great  Republic, 
upon  which  are  delineated  its  Vast  Works  of  Internal  Communica- 
tion, Routes  across  the  Continent,  &e.  Price  to  subscribers,  hand- 
somely bound,  $2.00.  The  Map  alone,  being  worth  more  money,  is 
sold  by  appointed  Agents  throughout  the  United  States.  Persons  in 
remote  parts  of  the  country  can  forward  the  amount  to  the  Publish- 
ers, and  a copy  of  the  Work  will  be  sent  free  of  postage. 

STATISTICAL  VIEW 

OF  THE 

UNITED  STATE  S 


SOUTHERN  & WESTERN 

JOURNAL  OF  PROGRESS. 


j PROGRESS  OF  THE  REPUBLIC. 

I Embracing  its  Territory,  Population— White,  Free,  Colored  and 
I and  Slave— Moral  and  Social  Condition,  Industry,  Property  and 
I Revenue  ; the  Detailed  Statistics  of  CHles,  Towns  and  Counties,  to 
j which  are  added  the  resnlts  of  every  previous  Census.  Edited  by 

Hon.  J.  C.  G.  KENNEDY, 

! LATE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  CENSUS. 


Historical  and  Geographical  Description 

OF  ALL  THE 

STATES  AND  TERRITORIES 

From  the  Earliest  Periods,  with  an  account  of  the  Chief  Places  of 
the  United  States,  by  Richard  Swainson  Fisher,  M.  D.,  author  of  the 
Statistical  Gazetter  of  the  United  States,  Colton’s  Great  American 
Atlas,  &c.  Published  by  Wm.  M.  Morrison  & Co.,  440  Pennsylvania 
Avenue,  Washington. 

CCT’lOO  Agents  wanted  in  different  sections  of  the  Country  to  sell  by 
subscription  this  great  work.  Applications  mus*  be  accompanied  by 
written  recommendations  from  several  of  the  most  prominent  citizens 
and  directed  to  the  Publishers ; or  Richard  Edwards,  Richmond  or 
Baltimore.  Specimen  copies  for  Agents,  $1.00 


A Magazine  for  the  desk  of  Merchants, 
Planters,  and  the  Homes  of  Business 
Men.  Devoted  to  Science,  Art,  Manufac- 
tures, Commerce,  Agriculture  and  Trade. 
Published  Monthly  by  the  Southern  Print- 
ing and  Publishing  Company,  Richmond,  ! 
Savannah,  Nashville  St.  Louis  and  Louis- 
ville. Subscription  $2  per  annuih  in  ad- 
vance. 10  copies  to  one  address  $15,  sin-  | 
gle  copies,  20  cents.  J,  C.  G.  Kennedy,  and  Richard  Edwards, 

AsTkedltim  of  Commercial  Knowledge,  Reference  and  Advertis- 
ing, it  surpasses  in  value  any  Publication  now  issued;  being  almost  j 
indispensable  to  every  Business  Man— containing  as  it  does,  a Whole- 
sale Prices  Current  and  Monthly  Stview  of  the  Markets  in  the  princi- 
pal Commercial  Citie3  of  the  Union  a Bank  Note  Reporter  and  l oun- 
terfeit  Detector,  with  the  discount  rates  in  several  of  the  large  Cit- 
ies, which,  alone,  is  worth  the  subscription  price.  In  preparation 
wc  have  beautiful  views  superbly  engraved,  of  all  the  Cities  and 
Towns  of  the  South  and'West.  One  will  be  published  in  each  num- 
ber with  a full  History.  Progress  and  Resources  of  the  place.  With 
these  and  other  extraordinary  inducements,  we  expect  a circulation 
soon  of  fifty  thousand. 

0j=  All  Communications  for  the  Editor,  prepaid,  to  the  Journal  of 
Progress,  Richmond,  Va. 


WM.  M . MORRISON  & GO. 

iCSBXEBS  & STATIONERS, 

.Vo.  44©  Pennsylvania  J&vcniie , 

WAillli'Sil 

STATIONERY 

In  every  variety  and  style,  •wholesale  & retail. 

BLANK  BOOKS 

Of  all  kinds  and  sizes,  from  the  smallest  pass- 
book, to  the  largest  used  in  the  Counting 
House.  Blank  Books  made  to  order  at  the 
shortest  notice. 

Miscellaneous  Books. 

In  every  department  of  Literature  and  Sci- 
ence. Books  ordered  and  imported  from  ev- 
ery part  of  the  world  at  the  shortest  notice. 

SCHOOL  BOOKS 

On  hand  at  all  times,  consisting  of  such  as 
are  in  general  use  in  our  city  and  surround- 
ing country. 

BOOKS. 

Special  attention  is  paid  to  this  department  of  our 
business,  consisting  of  a full  and  general  assort- 
ment of  all  published,  and  in  all  cases  of  the  last 
and  best  editions.  Reports  and  Statutes  of  all  the 
States  furnished  at  the  shortest  notice.  Liberal 
discounts  are  made  to  regular  purchasers,  or  when 
large  orders  are  mado.  No.  26 


a 


g 


s*  o 


« |i  I § 

2.  X 2 » 


S-*  H 


^ o » 
So'  12  si 

P s'  O 


q o F-  ”, 

O P O 3 
'*  *a  Cl  O 

O j?  B g 

^ • co  co 


11 


3S&"  To  be  Published  in  the  course  of  1857,  superbly  Illustrated  with  Portraits , Yiews  of  Public 
Buildings , Mansions , Churches , Manufacturing  Establishments , Business  Houses , 


BALTIMORE, 

PAST  PRESENT  AND  FUTURE, 

A TREATISE  ON  THE 

LEADING  PURSUITS 

AND 

LEADING  MEN, 


SHOWING  THE  PRINCIPAL 


To  contain  a full  and  comprehensive  Review  of  the  History,  Progress,  Present  Condition,  Commercial,  Rail- 
road, Manufacturing  and  Industrial  Resources  of  this 

GREAT  METROPOLIS. 


Also,  Biographies  of  Individuals  who  have  by  industry,  energy,  integrity,  perseverance,  and  business  tact, 
achieved  the  position,  in  most  cases,  at  the  head  of  their  respective  classes,  which  they  now  occupy.  Many 
have  fought  the  great  Battle  of  Life  without  aid,  or  even  sympathy,  and  their  history  enforces  a great  lesson  to 
new  beginners — that  few  things  are  impossible  to  the  resolute  will  and  a direct  and  straightforward  principle. 

It  will  be  the  object  of  this  work  to  exhibit  to  Country  Merchants  and  Capitalists,  the  Commercial  and 
Railroad  position,  the  Resources,  and  Manufacturing  advantages  of  Baltimore,  as  also  in  drawing  the  attention 
of  Capitalists,  and  otheis  from  distant  localities  to  this  city,  as  a most  profitable  place  for  investment. 


EDITED  BY 

RICHARD  EDWARDS, 

EDITOR  OP  THE  VIRGINIA  GAZETTEER,  NORTH  CAROLINA  GAZETTEER,  MARYLAND  GAZETTEER,  ETC. 
ASSISTED  BY  SEVERAL  LITERARY  GENTLEMEN. 


Entered  According  to  the  Act  of  Congress , in  the  year  1855,  in  the  Clerk1  s Office  of  the  Dis- 
trict Court  of  the  United  States,  for  the  District  of  Maryland. 


BALTIMORE: 

PUBLISHED  BY  JAMES  S.  WATERS, 

No.  2 44  Baltimore  Street. 

Chicago,  D.  B.  Cook  k Co.  St.  Louis,  E.  K.  Woodward.  Memphis,  W.  B.  Lamb  & Co. 
Nashville,  W.  T.  Barry  k Co.  New  Orleans,  J.  C.  Morgan  k Co.  Mobile,  J.  K. 
Randall  & Co.  Savannah,  W.  T.  Williams.  Charleston,  S.  G.  Courtney.  Rich- 
mond, J.  A.  Morris.  Louisville,  Morton  k Griswold.  Cincinnati,  H.  W. 

Derbey.  Cleveland,  Knight  k Co.  New  York  City,  Derby  k Jackson. 

Boston,  Fetridge  & Co.  Philadelphia,  T.  P.  Peterson.  For  Sale  also 
by  appointed  Agents  and  all  Booksellers. 

- — » — . - - . • — - •-». ■■ 

Any  information  from  Merchants , Manufacturers , Literary  gentlemen  and  others , wilt  be  thank- 
fully reteived  by  the  Editor.  If  used,  will  be  paid  for  liberally.  Such  can  be  left  at  J.  S.  Waters’s. 


BALTIMORE 


BOARD  OF  TRADE, 

EXCHANGE  ROOM,  EXCHANGE  BUILDING. 


oppicbus. 


PRESIDENT. 

JOHN  C.  BRUNE. 

VICE-PRESIDENTS. 

CHAUNCEY  BROOKS, 
ENOCH  PRATT, 
THOS.  C.  JENKINS, 
JAMES  GEORGE. 

TREASURER. 

E.  B.  DALLAM. 

SECRETARY. 

GEORGE  U.  PORTER. 
DIRECTORS. 


WM.  P.  LEMMON, 

WM.  McKIM, 

J.  HALL  PLEASANTS, 
ALEXANDER  RIEMAN, 
WILLIAM  BOSE, 

THOS.  W.  LEVERING, 
HUGH  A.  COOPER, 

E.  S.  COURTNEY, 


ROBERT  LESLIE, 
ROBT.  R.  KIRKLAND, 
B.  F.  NEWCOMER, 
LAURENCE  THOMSEN, 
JOHN  WILLIAMS, 
GEORGE  N.  EATON, 

A.  SCHUMACHER, 
HENRY  OELRICHS, 


W.  T.  YOUNG, 

R.  C.  WRIGHT, 

H.  L.  WHITRIDGE, 
SAMUEL  FENBY, 
AARON  FENTON, 
H.  G.  RICE, 

WM.  E.  HOOPER, 
GEO.  H.  KYLE. 


STANDING  COMMITTEES 


FOR  THE  ENSUING  YEAR. 

COMMERCE. 


A.  SCHUMACHER, 
JOHN  WILLIAMS, 

J.  HALL  PLEASANTS, 
R.  R.  KIRKLAND, 

H.  L.  WHITRIDGE. 

INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS. 

WILLIAM  BOSE, 

THOS.  C.  JENKINS, 
JAMES  GEORGE, 
ROBT.  C.  WRIGHT, 
HENRY  OELRICHS. 

BANKS  AND  CURRENCY. 

WILLIAM  McKIM, 


CHAUNCEY  BROOKS, 
ENOCH  PRATT, 
ROBERT  LESLIE, 
LAURENCE  THOMSEN. 

INLAND  TRADE. 

GEO.  N.  EATON, 

B.  F.  NEWCOMER, 

H.  G.  RICE, 

W.  T.  YOUNG, 
ALEXANDER  RIEMAN. 

CUSTOMS. 

WM.  P.  LEMMON, 
AARON  FENTON, 
SAMUEL  FENBY, 


GEO.  H.  KYLE, 

E.  B.  DALLAM. 

ACCOUNTS. 

E.  S.  COURTNEY, 
LAURENCE  THOMSEN, 
HENRY  OELRICHS, 

H.  L.  WHITRIDGE, 
JOHN  WILLIAMS. 

MANUFACTURERS. 

THOS.  W.  LEVERING, 
W.  E.  HOOPER, 

ENOCH  PRATT, 

HUGH  A . COOPER, 
THOS.  C.  JENKINS. 


He  is  a foolish  husbandman  who  neglects  to  sow  his  seed— and  he  is  an  unwise  man  who  neglects  to  inform 
the  public  of  his  business  and  his  whereabouts.  Those  who  do  not  understand  it  may  have  strong  h of  mind, 
but  little  distinctness  of  vision  ; they  do  not  think  either  clearly  or  logically.  They  may  reason  acutely,  but 
are  unsound  philosophers. 

It  is  idle  to  speak  of  the  cost  of  advertising  as  an  impediment — as  well  might  one  object  to  the  cost  of  shel- 
tering his  goods,  protecting  them  from  thieves,  or  dealing  them  out  to  customers. 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


84 

IENHT  ADAMS, 


233  Lexington  Street, 

(Mir  mb  Sillier  Smi% 

MANUFACTURES  TO  ORDER  AND  FOR  THE  TRADE, 

©HILTHm  IPILAMs 

PLAIN  A.1STJD  CHASED, 

SPOONS,  FORKS,  &c.,  & c. 

N.  B. — Old  Silver  taken  in  exchange. 


WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL 


BOOKSELLER  AND  STATIONER, 

3STO-  7 e BALTIMORE  STREET, 

FOUR  DOORS  ABOVE  GAY  STREET.  | 

ORDERS  THANKFULLY  RECEIVED  AND  PROMPTLY  ATTENDED  TO.  ~m,  || 

„ _ I 

ENGINEERS’  AND  SURVEYING  PHILOSOPHICAL  INSTRUMENTS,  j 

iF*.  Rb  K.ING*, 

No.  226  BALTIMORE  STREET,  || 
Manufacture  and  keep  on  hand  a general  assortment  of  EN-  j 
GINEERS’  AND  SURVEY] 
sits,  Levels,  Surveying  Com- 
passes, Leveling  Rods,  Chains, 

Tape  Lines,  Drawing  Instru- 
ments, in  Sets  and  Single 
pieces,  of  the  finest  quality. 

ALSO 

Jipratas, 

FOR  SCHOOLS  AND  ACADEMIES. 


NG  INSTRUMENTS,  viz : Tran- 


I 


WM.  CRICHTON,  President. 

THOS.  W.  LEVERING,  1st  V.  Pres’t.  JAS.  HOOPER,  Jr.,  2d  V.  Pres’t. 
SOLOMON  B.  DAVIES,  Treasurer, 
executive  committee  : 


ISRAEL  M.  PARR,  JOHN  WILLIAMS,  B.  F.  NEWCOMER, 
GEORGE  S.  REY,  Secretary. 


BOARD  OF  3DIFEOTOFS. 


JOSEPH  B.  BRINKLEY, 
WILLIAM  CHESNUT, 
SOLOMON  CORNER, 
CHARLES  A.  GAMBRILL, 
JAMES  HOOPER,  Jr. 
THOS.  W.  LEVERING, 
BENJ.  MARTLAND, 


B.  F.  NEWCOMER, 

JNO.  S.  WILLIAMS, 
FRANCIS  WHITE, 

H.  L.  WHITRIDGE, 

WM.  CRICHTON, 
ROBERT  FOWLER, 
SAMUEL  HAZLEHURST, 

I.  M.  PARR. 


Men  who  will  pay  .$500  more  for  a store  on  a business  corner  than  just  such  a store  would  cost  on  a secluded  street, 
grudge  the  outlay  of  $100  for  advertising,  though  the  conspicuous  corner  brings  them  in  view  of  thousands  where  the 
A advertising  would  introduce  them  to  hundreds  of  thousands.  A capitalist  who  freely  spends  one  hundred  thousand  dollars 
[ to  build  and  furnish  a grand  hotel,  whereof  the  vital  element  is  eustom,  would  stare  if  you  suggested  the  outlay  of  $5,000 
in  letting  every  body  know  that  such  a hotel  had  been  opened  ; and  so  he  spends  ten  thousand  dollars  in  rent,  for  servants, 
superintendence,  &.C.,  while  waiting  for  his  house  to  become  known,  and  so  to  fill  up,  which  a judicious  outlay  of  $5,000 
[ for  advertising,  at  the  outset,  would  have  saved  and  transmuted  into  profit.  He  pays  his  mason,  carpenter,  carpet-dealer, 
&c.,  readily,  because  his  father  and  grandfather  did  so  before  him,  and  their  charges  seem  inevitable  ; he  wastes  ten  thou- 
I sand  dollars  in  leaving  his  house  comparatively  unknown  and  unfrequented  for  months,  if  not  for  years,  because  his 
grandfather  does  not  happen  to  live  as  he  does,  in  an  age  when  business  goes  ahead  by  lightning  and  steam. 


JOBBER  OF 


fj 


<®f  Jfrittrlr,  tgnglisl],  info  jjp«mtstit  SJaratfaxtats, 

Tortoise-Shell,  Ivory  and  other  Combs, 

Buttons,  Brushes,  Cutlery,  Jewelry,  Violins,  Accordions,  Pins,  Needles,  Threads, 
Perfumery,  Pocket  Books,  Percussion  Caps,,  Port  Monaies,  Guns,  Pistols,  &c. 

WHOLESALE  A N L>  RETAIL, 

ARCADE— No.  52  Centre  Market  Space. 


86  BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


G.  W.  GAIL. 


CHRISTIAN  AX. 


MANUFACTURER  OF  ALL  KINDS  OF 

SMOKING,  FINE  CUT  CHEWING 


IMPORTER  AND  DEALER  IN 


fie p 


Bio.  SO  BARRE  STREET, 

BETWEEN  CHARLES  AND  LIGHT  STREETS. 


GOVERNMENT  FOR  THE  YEAR  1856. 


Thomas  TV.  Ligon,  of  Howard  Co.,  Governor  (term  expires  the  2d  Wednesday  in 

January,  1858,)  Use  of  a furnished  house,  and 

Nathaniel  Cox,  of  Baltimore,  Secretary  of  State 

Dennis  Claude,  of  Annapolis,  Treasurer 

Wm.  H.  Purnell,  of  Baltimore,  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury 

James  Murray,  of  Annapolis,  Commissioner  of  the  Land- Office,  Fees  and 

Michael  McBlair,  of  Baltimore,  Commissioner  of  Stamps 

Daniel  McPhail,  of  Baltimore,  Commissioner  of  Lotteries 

Joshua  R.  Nelson,  of  Harford  Co., 

Commissioners  of  Public  Works , each 


Moor  N.  Falls,  of  Baltimore, 


J 


Charles  R.  Stewart,  of  Savage, 

Samuel  Chamberlain,  of  Talbot  Co 

Richard  Swan,  of  Annapolis,  State  Librarian 

John  N.  Watkins,  of  Annapolis,  Adjutant- General 

Wm.  L.  Gaither,  of  Talbot  Co.,  President  of  the  Senate , $5  per  day  during  session. 
John  F.  Dent,  of  St.  Mary’s  Co.,  Speaker  of  the  H \ of  Del.,  $5  per  day  during  session. 


Salary. 

$3,600 

1,000 

2,500 

2,500 

200 

T50 


200 


1,000 

500 


Judiciary. 

Court  of  Appeals . 

Elected.  Term  expires.  Salary. 


John  C.  LeGrand,  of  Baltimore,  Chief  Justice 1851,  1861,  $2,500 

John  T.  Mason,  of  Marlboro,  Associate  Justice 1851,  1861,  2,500 

Wm.  H.  Tuck,  of  Upper  Marlboro,  u 1851,  1861,  2,500 

John  B.  Eccleston,  of  Chestertown,  “ 1851,  1861,  2,500 

Wm.  A.  Spencer,  of  Annapolis,  Clerk Fees. 


The  Court  of  Chancery,  by  the  new  Constitution,  was  abolished  on  the  4th  of  July,  1853. 
It  had  been  continued  from  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  to  that  date,  to  give  it  time  to 
finish  its  business.  The  judicial  power  of  the  State  is  vested  in  a Court  of  Appeals,  and  in 
Circuit  Courts. 

The  Court  of  Appeals  has  appellate  jurisdiction  only.  Its  judges,  four  in  number,  are  elected 
from  districts,  by  the  voters  therein,  for  ten  years,  unless  they  shall  before  reach  the  age  of 
TO.  They  must  be  above  30  years  of  age,  citizens  of  the  State  at  least  five  years,  residents  of 
the  Judicial  districts  from  which  they  are  elected,  and  have  been  admitted  to  practice  in  the 
State.  The  Court  of  Appeals  appoints  its  own  clerk,  to  hold  office  for  six  years,  and  may  re- 
appoint him  at  the  end  of  that  time.  When  any  judge  of  any  court  is  interested  in  a case  or 
connected  with  any  of  the  parties  by  affinity  or  consanguinity  -with  the  prescribed  degrees, 
y the  Governor  may  commission  the  requisite  number  of  persons,  learned  in  the  law,  for  the 


8S 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


iiiii  £kmm  Hiii 

BENJAMIN  CRANE  & CO. 

importers  nnb  Jobbsrs  of 

^ ' GOOS3S, 

No.  231  Baltimore  Street,  (up  stairs.) 

So  BROOKS, 

.A.  UNT  H> 

FASHIONABLE  CLOTHIER, 

COLVIN  BUILDING, 

I¥o-  XX®  :B»lt±ria.c>:ro  St. 

THREE  DOORS  WEST  OF  SOUTH. 

ADOLPHUS  AUER, 


CONCERT  EVERY  EVENING, 

CORNER  OF  ElOWAHD  AN®  MULBERRY  STS. 


G.  W.  NEILL. 


M.  DUROSS. 


W.  F.  WASHBURN. 


NEILL,  DUROSS  & CO. 

FIRST  PREMIUM 


MANUFACTORY  AND  ATAREROOMS, 
4 South  G-ay  Street. 


GOVERNMENT  OF  MARYLAND. 


trial  and  determination  of  the  case.  The  Governor,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Sen- 
ate, designates  one  of  the  four  judges  as  chief  justice.  The  office  of  Attorney-General  is  abol- 
ished by  the  new  Constitution. 

Judges  of  the  Circuit  Court. 

Elected.  Term  expires.  Salary. 


1.  Peter  W.  Crain,  of  Port  Tobacco 1851  1861  $2,000 

2.  Nicholas  Brewer,  of  Annapolis 1851  1861  2,000 

3.  Madison  Nelson,  of  Frederick  City 1851  1861  2,000 

4.  ThOxMas  Perry,  of  Cumberland 1851  1861  2,000 

6.  John  H.  Price, * of  Harford  Co 1855  1861  . 2,000 

7.  Philemon  B.  Hopper,  of  Centreville 1851  1861  2,000 

8.  Ara  Spence,  of  Snowhill 1851  1861  2,000 

The  fifth  Circuit  comprises  the  city  of  Baltimore.  The  judges  of  that  Circuit,  all  of  whom 
reside  in  Baltimore,  are  : — 

Z.  Collins  Lee, * Judge  of  Superior  Court 1855  1861  2,500 

Wm.  L.  Marshall,  Judge  of  Court  of  Common  Pleas 1851  1861  2,500 

Henry  Stump,  Judge  of  Criminal  Court 1851  1861  2,000 

Chas.  J.  M.  Gwinn,  of  Baltimore,  State  Attorney 1851  1855 


The  State  is  divided  into  eight  judicial  circuits,  each  of  which  elects  a judge  of  the  Cireuit 
Court,  to  hold  office  for  ten  years.  The  qualifications  of  the  Judges  are  the  same  as  those  of 
the  Court  of  Appeals,  except  that  they  must  be  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  residents  for 
two  years  in  their  judicial  district.  There  is  in  the  City  of  Baltimore  a Court  of  Common 
Pleas,  with  jurisdiction  in  civil  cases  between  $100  and  $500,  and  exclusive  jurisdiction  in  ap- 
peals from  justices  of  the  peace  in  that  city  ; and  a Superior  Court,  with  jurisdiction  in  cases 
over  $500.  Each  of  these  courts  consists  of  one  judge,  elected  by  the  people  for  ten  years. 
There  is  also  a Criminal  Court,  consisting  of  one  judge,  elected  for  six  years.  Clerks  of  the 
Circuit  Courts  in  each  county,  and  of  the  Baltimore  courts,  are  chosen  for  six  years,  and  are 
re-eligible. 

Each  county,  and  Baltimore  city,  elect  three  persons  as  Judges  of  the  Orphans’  Court,  to 
hold  office  for  four  years  ; a Register  of  Wills,  for  six  years  ; Justices  of  the  Peace,  two  Sheriffs, 
and  Constables,  for  two  years.  Attorneys  for  the  Commonwealth  are  chosen  in  each  county 
by  the  people,  for  four  years. 


Finances. 


State  Debt. 

The  whole  nominal  debt  of  the  State,  was  September  30,  1855 $15,132,909.00 

The  sinking  fund  of  the  State,  representing,  in  fact,'  extinguished  debt,  the  invest- 
ment being  solely  in  Maryland  State  stock,  was,  September  30,  1855 $3,426,749.95 

Tobacco  loans,  the  interest  of  which  is  paid  out  of  proceeds  of  tobacco  inspection  163,689.00 
Loans  made  on  account  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  and  Washington  Railroads,  the 

interest  on  which  is  provided  for  from  receipts  of  those  works 4,116,043.00 

Other  productive  capital  of  the  State,  consisting  of  bank  stocks,  railroad  stocks 
and  bonds,  paying  dividends  or  interest,  including  Tide  water  Canal  bonds  about.  5 013,048.05 

12,719,530.00 


Leaving $2,4!3;379.00 

the  interest  on  which  must  be  provided  for  by  taxation.  But  the  sinking  fund  is  treated  as  part  of  the  public 
debt,  and  the  interest  on  it  is  paid  out  of  the  proceeds  of  taxation,  and  applied  to  purchasing  State  stock  or 
bonds.  In  addition  to  the  interest  on  the  sinking  fund,  there  is  an  annaul  surplus  now  of  about  $200,000,  which  is 
applicable  either  to  the  extinction  of  the  debq  or  the  increase  of  the  sinking  fund.  The  Treasurer  has  adver- 
tised (October.  1855)  that  he  will  in  December,  next  pay  ofF  two  State  loans  then  due,  amounting  together  to  the 
sum  of  $259,189.  b 

The  balance  in  the  treasury  on  the  30th  of  September,  1854,  was  $378,123.98 

There  was  received  in  the^fiscal  year  ending  the  30th  of  September,  1855 1,200,762.58 

$1,578,886.56 

The  disbursements  for  the  same  fiscal  year,  including  increase  of  sinking  fund,  we  e 985,964.53 


Leaving  this  balance  in  the  treasury,  September  30, 1855 $592,922.03 

Out  of  this  balance  the  above  mentioned  loans  ($259,189)  will  be  redeemed,  leaving  a balance  in  the  treasury 
of  $333,733,  applicable  to  other  purposes.  The  school  fund  amounted,  September  30,  1854,  to  $161,867.  The 
assessed  value  of  real  and  personal  property  in  the  State  for  1854,  was  $243,537,091.  Including  the  sinking 
fund,  the  amount  of  loans  to  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  and  the  bonds,  stock  &c.  before  named,  tho  pro- 


*Judge  Constable  of  the  6'h  Circuit,  and  Judge  Frick  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Baltimore,  died  during  the 
year.  The  vacancies  were  filled  for  the  time  by  the  appointment  by  the  Governor  of  James  M.  Buchanan 
to  the  6th  Circuit,  and  Benjamin  C.  Presstman  to  the  Superior  Court.  At  the  election  in  November,  1855,  the 
present  incumbents  were  elected  for  the  residue  of  the  terra. 


90 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


MRS.  P.  VIRGINIA  AULD, 


CLOAK,  DRESS  AND  VISITE  MAKER, 

No.  286  Baltimore  Street, 

Over  Key  worth  § Son's — Opposite  Sharp  St. 

ORDERS  PROMPTLY  PILLED  AND  ALL  KINDS  OF  PATTERNS  FOR  SALE. 


WELCOME  WHITE, 


No.  4 NORTH  HIGH  STREET, 

Is  prepared  to  supply  families  with  BREAD  made  of  the  best  Family  Flour ; 
Also  the  Boston  Brown  Bread. 


'IP  Ila  IBIPS>)C5W31Ft!§o 

Soda,  Water,  Sugar,  Butter,  and  Boston  Crackers.  Ginger  Cakes  by  the 
Barrel  or  in  smaller  quantities. 

JOHN  CREAMER, 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL 


No.  288  N.  GAY  STREET, 

Manufacturer  of  all  kinds  of  Confectionery,  Pine  Apple  Drops,  Grape  Drops,  Strawberry  Drops, 
Jenny  Lind  Drops,  Fish  Drops,  Bottle  Drops,  Pear  Drops,  Heart  Drops,  Cream  Drops,  Mint 
Drops,  Gum  Drops,  Diamond  Drops,  Raspberry  Drops,  Tom  Thumb  Drops,  Scissors  Drops. 

Also  a variety  of  Fancy  Sugar  Toys,  Fancy  Cakes,  Cordials  and  Preserves.  City  and 
Country  orders  promptly  attended  to  at  the  shortest  notice. 


SEARS  & PHILLIPS, 

EXTENSIVE 


N.  E.  CORNER  CHARLES  AND  LOMBARD  STREETS, 


§etetcata,  €\m 

AND  ALL  KINDS  OF  FURNITURE, 

Wholesale  and  Retail,  at  the 
lowest  cash  prices. 


GOVERNMENT  OF  MARYLAND. 


ductive  property  of  the  State  may  be  given  at  $12,555,842.  There  is,  besides,  unproductive  property,  consisting 
of  stocks,  arrears  of  interest,  &c.,  as  given  by  the  auditor,  to  the  amount  of  $14,748,392.60.  The  State  direct 
tax  is  15  cents  on  $100. 

With  the  present  abundant  income,  the  debt  will  be  rapidly  absorbed  by  the  operation  of  the  sinking  fund 
and  the  surpluses;  and  before  many  years  the  State  will  be  relieved  from  heavy  taxation. 

The  provisions  of  the  new  Constitution  in  regard  to  the  State’s  incurring  new  debts  are  as  follows  : — “ No  debt 
shall  be  contracted  exceeding  $100,000,  nor  unless  the  act  creating  it  shall  provide  for  a tax  sufficient  to  pay 
the  interest  as  it  falls  due,  and  the  principal  in  fifteen  years.  Such  taxes  shall  not  be  repealed  or  applied  to  any 
other  purpose.  The  credit  of  the  State  shall  never  be  given  or  lent,  nor  shall  the  State  be  in  any  way  con- 
cerned in  internal  improvements.  The  money  levied  to  pay  the  public  debt  shall  never  be  diverted  until  the 
debt  is  paid,  or  until  the  sinking  fund  equals  the  outstanding  debt.” 

Receipts  and  Expenditures. 


Chief  Sources  of  Income  in  1854. 


Auction  duties '. $18,632.67 

Bank  stock  for  dividends 43,462,41 

T)nu;  — 9., i • i j n.  w • 


Baltim’e  and  Ohio  railroad  Co.,  k receipts 
from  passengers  on  Washington  Branch 

Road 62,877.5 3 

Do  interest  on  dividend  and  sterling  bonds,  16,925.00 
Taxes  direct  and  specific  of  every  de- 
scription  594,192.41 

Live  stock  scales  in  Baltimore. 13,100.95 

Lotteries 51,000.00 

State  tobacco  inspections,  in  the  city  of 

Baltimore — . 31,210.73 

Licenses  of  all  kinds 164,677.49 

Road  stock  for  dividends _ $44,682.50 

Susquehanna  and  Tide  Water  Canal  Com- 
pany   65,406.10 


Principal  Items  of  Expenditure  in  1854. 


Interest  on  public  debt $671,628.09 

Civil  officers 19,097.72 

Judiciary 35,138.90 

Legislature 39, 41 1. 22 

Public  Printing 7,855.00 

Sinking  fund,  so  much  transferred 132,903.45 

Surplus  Revenue 34,069.36 

Pensions 3,742.32 

Colleges,  academies  and  schools 20,949  00 

Penitentiary 8,000.00 

Militia 825.00 

State  Colonization  society 16,000.00 

Indigent  deaf  and  dumb 2,184.36 

State  Tobacco  inspections- 19,564.07 

Contingent  fund  for  library 4,419.64 

Library,  increase  of. 365.81 


Mayor  and  City  Council  of  Baltimore....  17,735.11 


State  Penitentiary. — O.  P.  Merryman,  Warden.  November  30,  1853,  there  were  in  confine- 
ment, 349  prisoners  ; received  during  the  year,  142  ; in  all,  591.  Discharged  during  the  year 
by  expiration  of  sentence,  71  ; by  pardon  20  ; by  death  5 ; by  escape  1 ; in  all,  97  ; leaving 
in  prison  November  30,  1854,  394.  Of  those  received  during  the  year,  86  were  white  and  56 
colored  ; 127  males  and  15  females ; 136  were  first-comers,  4 second-comers,  1 third-comer  and 
1 for  the  seventh  time.  Of  the  15  females  4 are  white.  72  were  sentenced  for  stleaing ; 9 for 
murder  ; 4 for  manslaughter ; 4 for  assault  with  intent  to  kill ; 7 for  burglary  ; 5 for  horse- 
stealing ; and  4 for  arson.  100  were  Americans  and  42  foreigners,  of  whom  22  were  natives 
of  Germany,  14  of  Ireland,  and  6 of  other  foreign  countries.  Among  the  100  Americans  are 
included  the  56  colored  convicts. 


EDITOR’S  HINT  TO  MEN  OP  BUSINESS. 


To  every  man  of  business  we  would  say,  Advertise.  No  man  can 
count  the  benefits  that  accrue  from  it.  Industry  and  talent  are  both 
admirable,  but  they  must  become  generally  known  to  bring  a rich 
reward  to  the  possessor.  Many  of  our  business  men  owe  their  pres- 
ent world-wide  fame  in  no  small  measure  to  advertising.  A business 
man  should  keep  his  name  constantly  before  the  public,  and  let  the 
public  know  of  every  improvement  he  effects  in  his  trade.  A good 
advertisement  bespeaks  a good  man  of  business ; and  it  is  an  invaria- 
ble rule  that  the  man  who  advertises  well,  sells  well. 


BESiEFIITS  0F 


Advertising  has  given  to  many  a good  business  ; has  saved  many  a 
falling  business ; has  rescued  many  a dull  business ; has  ^enlarged 
many  a small  business;  has  preserved  many  a large  business;  has 
secured  success  in  most  business,  and  will  kill  off  old  fogy  business, 
and  cause  many  to  mind  their  business.  So,  hereafter,  advertise  your 
business,  and  have  Edwards  to  do  the  business  in  his  Book  of  every 
Business — it  gives  for  reference  men  of  business. 

SHERWOOD  & CO.,  BUSINESS  PRINTERS, 

CORNER  OF  GAY  AND  BALTIMORE  STREETS. 


92 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


J.  H.  MEDAIRY. 


H.  D.  MUSSELMAN. 


MEDAIRY  & MUSSELMAN, 


Inntefa  ml  ffaitam 

No.  310  BALTIMORE  STREET. 


JOHKT 

MANUFACTURER  OF 

A % 


HD=g 


ac=sa 

ds^) 


No.  110  Baltimore  Street,  between  Holliday  and  North, 

Engineers,  Teachers,  Chemists,  Students 
and  Manufacturers  will  find  at  my  store  a 
large  and  varied  assortment  of  the  most 
approved 

Jiprata  anii  ImjUmtnts, 

Both  for  Experimental  purposes  and 
use  in  Applied  Science,  and  on  terms,  too, 
the  most  reasonable  consistent  with  exact 
workmanship. 

New  Machines  will  be  constructed  from  explanatory  drawings,  and  as  my  facil- 
ities for  manufacturing  are  very  ample,  customers  may  rest  assured  that  their  or- 
ders will  receive  prompt  and  faithful  attention. 

Catalogues  will  be  furnished  gratuitously  upon  application,  prepaid,  by  mail. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT 


OF  THE 

a 

STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


Maryland,  the  most  southern  part  of  that  division  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
usually  called  the  “Middle  States,”  is  situate  between  the  latitudes  38°  and  39° 
43'  north,  and  between  the  longitudes  75°  03'  and  79°  32'  west  from  Greenwich,  or 
2°  3U  west  and  1°  58'  east  from  Washington.  Its  outline  is  extremely  irregular, 
except  on  the  north  and  east,  where  Mason  and  Dixon’s  line  constitutes  the  fron- 
tier, and  separates  Maryland  from  the  adjoining  states  of  Pennsylvania  and  Dela- 
ware. On  the  south  the  Potomac  river,  with  a winding  channel  and  a circuitous 
general  course,  is  its  limitary  stream,  and  divides  it  from  Virginia.  The  main 
body  of  the  eastern  section  is  bounded  by  Delaware  state  line ; but  a narrow 
strip,  projecting  eastward  to  the  sea,  intrudes  itself  between  that  state  and  the 
Virginia  portion  of  Chesapeake  peninsula.  The  periphery  of  the  state  is  estimated 
to  be  about  766  miles  : namely,  from  the  mouth  of  Potomac  river  to  the 
source  of  its  north  branch,  320  miles  ; thence  north  to  the  Pennsylvania  line,  35 
miles  ; thence  along  that  .line  eastward,  199  miles  ; thence  along  the  west  and 
south  line  of  Delaware,  122  miles ; thence  along  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  32  miles  ; 
thence  across  the  peninsula  to  the  mouth  of  Pocomoke  river,  20  miles  ; and 
directly  west  to  the  confluence  of  Potomac  river  with  Chesapeake  Bay,  the  place 
of  beginning,  about  38  miles.  Within  this  outline  is  contained  a superficies  of 
13,959  square  miles ; but  of  this  extent  only  9,674  square  miles  are  land,  the 
residue  being  covered  by  the  waters  of  Chesapeake  Bay  and  its  numerous  inlets 
and  bays. 

Maryland  is  naturally  divided  into  three  distinct  geographical  sections.  The 
first  section  comprises  that  portion  lying  to  the  east  of  Susquehanna  river  and 
Chesapeake  Bay,  known  locally  as  the  “ Eastern  Shore,”  and  which  contains  the 
counties  of  Worcester,  Somerset,  Dorchester,  Talbot,  Caroline,  Queen  Anne, 
Kent  and  Cecil.  It  forms  a part  of  that  long  peninsula,  which,  projecting  south- 
ward towards  and  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  divides  the  waters  of  Chesapeake  and 
Delaware  bays,  and  which,  though  of  very  limited  extent,  comprises  the  whole  of  one 
state,  and  portions  of  two  others.  The  surface  of  the  whole  tract  is  level,  and  but 
slightly  elevated  above  the  sea ; and  in  every  part  its  soils  are  more  or  less  sandy, 
but,  in  their  general  character,  may  be  considered  as  above  the  average  in  respect 
of  their  adaptation  to  the  purposes  of  agriculture.  Eew  rocks  are  found  in  any 
part,  and  the  mineral  deposits  are  chiefly  bog  iron-ore,  chromes,  &c.,  with  aluminous 
and  magnesian  salts.  Marl,  shell-lime,  marsh  mud,  peat  or  turf,  and  other  agents 
used  as  fertilizers,  abound.  In  the  northern  districts  of  this  region,  however,  the 
country  is  hilly,  and  in  some  parts  has  a rocky  substratum — the  rocks  chiefly 
sandstone  and  slate.  The  forest  growths  consist  principally  of  oaks  of  various 
species,  hickory,  chestnut,  pine,  locust,  walnut,  cedar,  gum,  beech,  and  a great 
variety  of  shrub  and  herbaceous  annuals.  Wheat,  Indian  corn  and  tobacco,  are 


MURPHY  & CO. 

BOOKSELLERS,  PUBLISHERS, 

HUNTERS  AND  STATIONERS, 

MARKET  ST . 178  BALTIMORE, 

Keep  constantly  on  hand,  a large  and  well  selected  Stock  of 

SCB001.  CLASSICAL  119  MISCELLAIIIOS  BOOKS,  BLA1E  BOOKS. 

English,  French  and  American  Cap,  Fetter  and  Note  Papers,  Ac. 
COMMIEncX^Xj  .TNT  Xj  '^7'  tat,  a tvt  gg 
BANK  CHECKS,  DRAETS,  PROMISSORY  NOTES,  &c.,  in  every  variety, 

Which  they  are  prepared  to  sell,  Wholesale  Sf  Retail,  at  lowest  prices,  on  favorable  terms. 

MURPHY'S  UNALTERABLE  STEREOGRAPHIC  BANK  CHECKS. 

improved  ‘styles  of^U  N A LT^RA^  ^F  aw®  JgS"3-  an  % th.e.  Mercantile  Community  generally,  to  their  new  and 
a styles  ot  UI\  AL  l EKABLE  BANK  CHECKS,  as  affording  a great  protection  against  alteration  or  erasure 
nLIn«ariS  °I  acids  °r  otjierwise  without  detection  at  a glance.  These  Checks  combine  a degree  of  unsurpassed 
neatness  and  security,  and  are  sold  at  the  same  prices  as  the  ordinary  Checks.  ^ 

R ECOMMENBATIONS: 

We  have  examined  Specimens  of  MURPHY’S  UNALTERABLE  STEREOGR \PHIC  BANK  CHFCKS 
and  take  pleasure  in  recommending  them  to  Banking  Institutions,  and  the  Mercantile  Community,  as  an  article  of 
GREAT  SECURITY,  GENERAL  UTILITY,  AND  NEATNESS  1 
T>‘  ^\Jamis°n>  Cashier  Baric  of  Balto.\  Philip  Littig,  Cashier  Marine  Bank.  J.  H.  Carter  Cashier  Western  Bank 
L W Luh  r„  £ Loney,  (U.  Far.  a MercUs.  Bank.  J.  Low 

Jas.VY  Ain uU,  Cask.  Mechanics  Bk.  T.  Cross,  Cashier  Com.  <$•  Far.  Bank.  W.  L.  Richardson,  Cash.  Citizens'  B’k. 
A.  P.  Giles,  Cashier  F,  anklm  Bank.  |D.  Spngg,  Cashier  Merchants’  Bank.  Josiah  Lee,  Banking  House. 

CHECK  BOOKS  on  all  the  Banks  in  the  City,  of  all  sizes,  from  50  cents  upwards,  constantly  for  sale  or  nrinfpd  to 
order  at  short  notice,  with  the  names  of  Firms  or  Institutions  printed  in  the  ends.  ’ ^ 

|)kin  ani  ©rnamnttel  anfr  Joli  Hrintinp;. 

..a  — Ar . Murphy  & Co.  having  in  connection  with  their  Bnokstorp.  mie  nf  thp  mn.t  — 


Print  to  order  at 
short  notice. 

Cards 

Circulars 

Bill-Heads 

Dr  aft  s 

Promiss’y  Notes 

Bills  Exchange 

Blank  Deeds 

Cashiers’  Blanks 

Bank  Checks 

Bills  of  Lading 

VTay  Bills 

Law  Blanks 

Books 

Pamphlets 

Catalogues,  Sfc. 

Murphy  & Co.  having  in  connection  with  then  Bookstore,  one  of  the  most  com- 
plete and  extensive  Printing  Establishments  in  the  country,  under  their  immediate 
personal  superintendence,  to  which  they  have  recently  added  the  most  approved 
Printing  Machines  in  use,  enables  them  to  offer  inducements,  pecuniary  and  other- 
wise, to  such  as  contemplate  Printing  or  Publishing,  not  attainable  under  other 
circumstances.  Particular  attention  paid  to  Fine  Work  for  Banking  and  other 
Institutions,  Insurance,  Rail  Road,  Telegraph,  Steamboat,  Express,  and  other 
Joint  Stock  Companies,  Transportation  Jlgents,  Public  Offices,  $c. 

Printing  in  Gold,  Silver,  Bronze  & Fancy  Colored  Inks. 

PAGED  BLANK  BOOKS, 

BLANK  BOOKS  WITH  PRINTED  HEADINGS,  &e. 

These  Books  are  manufactured  in  their  own  Establishment  under  their  imme- 
diate inspection,  of  the  best  Linen  Paper.  They  respectfully  solicit  a careful 
examination  of  the  Materials  and  Workmanship,  from  the  Mercantile  Community. 

Having  united  with  their  Printing  Establishment  a BOOK  BINDERY,  well  sup- 
plied with  the  most  approved  machinery  and  experienced  workmen,  enables  them 
to  afford  superior  facilities  and  advantages  in  manufacturing  every  description  of 
work  in  which  Printing  and  Ruling  are  combined,  well  worthy  the  attention  of  Bank- 
ing Institutions,  Insurance  Offices,  Rail  Road,  Steamboat,  Canal,  Telegraph,  Ex- 
press, and  other  Joint  Stock  Companies,  Transportation  Agents,  Puulic  Offices,  &c. 

BLANK  BOOKS  of  every  description,  kept  constantly  on  hand  or 
manufactured  to  order  in  a superior  manner,  to  any  pattern  ofRuling  at  short  m.  tice. 

ORDERS  from  any  part  of  the  U.  Slates  will  meet  with  strict  attention. 


Keep  constantly 
on  hand: 

Ledgers 

Journals 

Day  Books 

Cash  Books 

Sales  Books 

Blotters 

Check  Books  j 

Copijing  Books  3 

Receipt  Books  ij 

Copy  Book  r 

Dockets  4.  | j 

Hotel  Registel 

Pocket  Ledger 

Pass  Books 

Bill  Books,  6fc. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


the  staple  productions  ; and  in  the  more  southern  counties,  the  cotton  plant  is  said 
to  succeed  Well.  The  climate  is  temperate,  and  highly  favorable  to  the  enjoy- 
ment and  extended  duration  of  life.  The  land  area  of  this  section  is  computed  at 
3,386  square  miles,  or  2,167,040  acres.  The  peninsula  of  which  this  portion  of 
Maryland  forms  a part,  is  about  180  miles  in  length  from  the  north  line  of  the 
state  to  Cape  Charles,  and  has  an  area  of  about  5,980  square  miles  ; — the  neck 
between  the  inclosing  bays  is  only  about  17  miles  wide;  but,  as  it  stretches  south- 
ward, it  expands  gradually  to  the  width  of  70  miles,  and  then  as  gradually  contracts 
until  it  terminates  in  a long,  narrow  tongue,  called  Accomac  peninsula,  about  50 
miles  in  length  and  ten  miles  wide.  The  coast  on  the  Chesapeake  is  deeply  in- 
dented by  numerous  spacious  gulfs  and  estuaries ; such  as  those  at  the  confluence 
with  the  bay  of  the  Pocomoke,  Nanticoke,  Choptank,  Chester  and  Elk  rivers ; 
each  receiving  considerable  streams  from  the  interior  and  affording  great  facilities 
to  navigation.  The  eastern  coast  presents  a striking  contrast  when  compared  with 
the  western  coast.  “ Between  the  ocean  and  the  cultivated  portion  of  the  country, 
there  is  a prolonged  sandy  beach,  varying  from  a few  hundred  yards  to  a quarter 
of  a mile  or  upwards  in  breadth,  and  extending  the  whole  length  of  the  coast, 
without  a single  outlet  to  the  ocean,  from  Indian  river,  in  Delaware,  to  the  south- 
ern extremity  of  Chincoteague  Island,  in  Virginia.  Between  this  beach  and  the 
main-land  lies  Sinepuxent  Bay,  from  one  to  four  or  five  miles  wide,  and  nearly  30 
miles  in  length.  It  is  a shallow  sheet  of  water,  navigable  only  to  a short  distance 
above  South  Point,  at  the  lower  end  of  Sinepuxent  Neck.”  Some  inlets  that  for- 
merly existed  in  this  beach,  and  admitted  the  sea,  are  now  closed,  and  the  waters 
of  the  bay  have  become  comparatively  fresh.  The  second  section,  comprising  what 
is  usually  called  the  Western  Shore,  consists  of  another  peninsula  lying  inland  be- 
tween the  Potomac  river  and  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  up  to  the  line  of  the  river  falls, 
which  extend  from  above  Port  Deposit  to  above  Georgetown.  In  its  general 
features,  soil  and  productions,  it  closely  resembles  the  section  of  country  already 
described.  It  is  alluvial  in  its  formation,  and  lying  principally  on  the  western 
shores  of  the  bay,  or  upon  the  eastern  bank  of  the  lower  Potomac,  has  the  same 
climate  as  the  “ Eastern  Shore.”  The  counties  comprised  in  this  section  are  St. 
Mary’s,  Calvert,  Charles,  Prince  George,  Anne  Arundel,  Howard,  parts  of  Mont- 
gomery, Baltimore,  and  Harford.  The  territorial  extent  of  these  counties  is  about 
3,698  square  miles,  or  2,366,520  acres.  The  leading  geographical  feature  of  the 
north-western  part  of  this  section,  is  the  ledge  of  primitive  rocks  which  runs  from 
the  left  bank  of  the  Potomac,  in  Montgomery  county,  north-eastwardly  to  the 
Susquehanna  river,  where  it  crosses  the  north  line  of  the  state.  The  primitive 
ledge  forms  a natural  boundary  between  the  alluvial  region  and  the  mountainous 
district  of  Maryland ; which  latter  constitutes  the  third  or  western  section,  passing 
through  which  we  meet  with,  in  succession,  South  East  Mountain  or  Parr’s  Ridge, 
terminating  with  Sugar-Loaf  Mountain,  on  the  Potomac ; Catoctin  Mountain, 
reaching  the  same  river  at  the  Point  of  Rocks ; South  Mountain  or  Blue  Ridge, 
crossing  it  at  Harper’s  Ferry  ; the  Kittatinny,  crossing  it  at  Hancock ; Rugged 
Mountain,  Wills  Mountain,  and  other  detached  ridges ; and  the  great  Alleghany 
ridge,  traversing  the  far  western  part  of  the  state.  Many  fine  valleys  interlie  the 
mountains,  which  in  climate  and  soil  are  not  surpassed  by  the  most  favored  re 
gions  of  the  earth.  This  section  extends  along  the  left  bank  of  the  Potomac  to  the 
western  boundary  of  the  state,  and,  following  the  sinuosities  of  the  river,  is  nearly 
175  miles  in  length,  but  so  irregular  in  shape  that,  though  it  is  more  than  100 
miles  wide  at  the  eastern  end,  it  is  compressed  in  the  middle  by  the  near  approach 
f the  border  lines  of  Virginia  and  Pennsylvania  to  a width  of  less  than  three  miles. 
From  the  base  of  the  primitive  ledge,  which  is,  in  fact,  a lower  branch  of  the  Apa- 
tachian  chain,  the  surface  gradually  rises  to  the  head  waters  of  the  Potomac  river 
2,000  or  more  feet.  This  represents  the  rise  from  tide- water  at  Baltimore  to  the 
dividing  grounds  in  Alleghany  county,  between  the  waters  of  the  Potomac  and 


96 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


SILK  db  STRAW  HOUSE, 
ARMSTRONG,  CATOR  & CO. 

IMPORTERS  AND  JOBBERS  OF 

if  AlkMM  Mi  H ^ - ^ 1 ™ 111 1 

AJSTD  STRAW  BONNETS, 

No.  237  Baltimore  Street,  between  Charles  and  Hanover. 


used 


G.  W.  S.  NICHOLSON, 

M ANUF ACTKRER  OF 

Surgical  rtnix  genial  Instruments,  trusses,  gaitbage 

AND  FRACTURE  APPARATUS  IN  EVERY  VARIETY, 

3STO-  11  LIGHT  STREET. 

Constantly  for  sale  Elastic  Stockings  and  Shoulder  Braces,  and  all  articles 
by  Doctors,  Surgeons  or  Dentists. 

SILVER W OOD  & SHEOKELLS, 

6KAI3TE  GUTTERS  AND  STOW  HIASOiS, 

DEALERS  IN  NEW  YORK  FLAG  STONES,  &c. 

CANAL  STREET,  NEAR  MONUMENT  STREET. 

ATTEND  TO  EVERY  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  ABOVE  BUSINESS  ON  THE  MOST  REASON- 
ABLE TERMS. 


EffijSj®  JOSHUA  ROBINSON. 

lift' 


JAMES  C.  KREMER- 


ROBINSON  k KREMER, 

Wholesale  Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in 

IP  ___ 

AN  D 

Sheet  Iron  Wares, 

|,  BLOCK  TIN', 

BXtlTA-IIxnNriA.  METAL, 

BATHING  APPARATUS,  &c. 

No.  333  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

FIRST  DOOR  ABOVE  HOWARD  STREET. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


tSose  falling  into  Ohio  river.  Embraced  in  this  section  are  Carroll,  Frederick 
Washington  and  Alleghany  counties,  which  together  cover  an  area  of  2,590 
square  miles,  or  1,657,600  acres. 

Chesapeake  Bay,  which  divides  the  state  into  two  unequal  parts,  in  its  greatest 
extent  lies  within  Maryland.  It  is  a noble  sheet  of  water,  equaled  in  its  com- 
mercial capacities  by  few  of  the  great  estuaries  that  in  various  parts  of  the  world 
have  attracted  the  notice  and  admiration  of  the  mariner.  Its  entrance  between 
Cape  Charles  and  Cape  Henry,  in  Virginia,  is  about  15  miles  in  width,  and  opens 
from  east  to  west;  but  on  penetrating  the  land  it  suddenly  changes  its  direction, 
and  stretches  from  south  to  north  over  a distance  of  180  miles,  with  a width  in  the 
southern  part  of  20  to  30  miles,  and  in  the  northern  part  of  about  10  miles.  It  is, 
throughout,  deep  and  navigable  for  large  vessels,  and  it  receives  a great  many  deep 
and  navigable  rivers,  of  which  the  largest  and  principal  are  from  Virginia.  Its 
area  is  about  3,500  square  miles.  The  Susquehanna  river  has  its  lower  course  in 
Maryland ; the  tide  reaches  Port  Deposit  five  miles  from  its  mouth,  above  which 
there  are  falls ; the  Patapsco  river  is  a fine  mill-stream  falling  into  the  bay  of  the 
same  name  below  Baltimore;  the  Patuxent,  the  principal  river  of  the  Western 
Shore,  is  a wide  stream,  flowing  nearly  parallel  with  the  Potomac,  and  navigable 
to  Nottingham  about  50  miles  for  large  vessels ; the  Elk,  Chester,  Choptank, 
Nanticoke,  and  Pocomoke,  on  the  Eastern  Shore,  are  navigable  for  30  or  40  miles ; 
and  the  Monocacy  river,  Antietam  creek  and  Conecocheague  creek  are  the  prin- 
cipal tributaries  of  the  Potomac  in  Maryland.  All  these  contribute  to  the  volume 
of  the  waters  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  and,  in  their  several  courses,  furnish  fine  avenues 
of  internal  trade,  or  provide  water-power  sufficient  for  all  the  purposes  of  exten- 
sive manufacturing  operations.  The  Potomac,  common  to  Virginia  and  Maryland, 
forming  the  boundary  between  the  two,  is  the  most  important  of  all  the  streams 
of  the  latter,  and  the  largest  of  the  tributaries  of  the  Chesapeake.  It  rises  in  the 
recesses  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  and  reaches  the  bay  between  Point  Lookout 
and  Smith’s  Point.  This  river  is  seven  and  a half  miles  wide  at  its  mouth,  and 
navigable  for  ships  of  the  greatest  burden  for  300  miles  from  the  sea,  three  miles 
below  the  head  of  tide-water.  Above  this  point,  the  navigation  is  obstructed  by 
a succession  of  falls,  around  which,  however,  canals  have  been  dug,  and  the  naviga- 
ble channel  so  far  improved  as  to  render  the  river  passable  for  boats  to  Cumber- 
land 191  miles  above  Washington.  The  descent  of  the  Potomac,  from  the  mouth 
of  Savage  river  to  Cumberland,  a distance  of  31  miles,  is  445  feet ; from  Cumber- 
land to  the  Shenandoah  Falls,  130  miles,  it  is  490  feet ; hence  to  Great  Falls,  40 
miles,  39  feet ; and  between  these  and  tide-water,  12  miles,  143  feet;  making  the 
whole  descent  from  the  mouth  of  Savage  river  to  tide- water,  a distance  of  213 
mile3,  1,117  feet,  or,  on  the  average,  5J  feet  in  each  mile.  Rising  westward  of  the 
Alleghany  Mountains  is  the  Youghiogeny,  the  only  river  of  Maryland  that  does 
not  empty  its  waters  into  Chesapeake  Bay  : it  flows  northward  through  Alleghany 
county,  and  passing  into  Pennsylvania,  falls  into  Monongahela  river,  18  miles 
s.  e.  of  Pittsburg ; and  thence  its  waters  are  carried  through  the  Ohio  and  Missis- 
sippi rivers  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

To  comprehend  the  geology  of  Maryland,*  we  must  understand  the  general  facts 
as  to  the  structure  of  the  broad  plain  which  skirts  the  ocean  in  the  middle  and  south- 
ern states;  of  the  less  elevated  region  lying  west  of  this  plain,  called  sometimes 
the  Atlantic  slope  ; and  of  the  great  Apalachian  chain,  which  includes  the  greatest 
variety  of  rocks  and  the  most  important  formations. 

Commencing  at  the  ocean  and  proceeding  westward,  we  find  a low  and  almost 
level  region.  This  plain  extends  from  New-Jersey  through  the  southern  states. 
As  the  soil  composing  this  plain  consists  of  incoherent  materials,  which  are  easily 
washed  away,  the  tide  flows  across  it  and  forms  large  estuaries,  where  it  meets  the 

* The  whole  of  this  article  on  geology  is  taken  from  the  census  of  Maryland,  the  less  impor 
tant  points  being  omitted  or  abbreviated. 


13 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


«— B 

98 

FRANCIS  GROVE, 


WHOLESALE  DEALER  IN 


NOS.  8 -AND  lO  -A.'VEISrTTE. 

ROBERT  T.  BANKS, 

IMPORTER  AND  DEALER  IN 

China,  Class,  f|neensware,  &c. 

55  SOUTH  STREET, 

(late  MARYLAND  POTTERIES,) 

AND  41  BALTIMORE  STREET. 


james  t.  McCullough, 


AND  SOLICITOR  IN  CHANCERY, 

ELITOI,  CECIL  COUNTY,  MARYLAND. 


J.  GATHERS  & BRO. 


!D  E -A.  I.  B !R.  S 1 3NT 


NEW  AND  OLD  AND  RARE  BOOKS,  &c. 


No,  102  Baltimore  Street,  corner  of  Holliday, 

Keep  always  on  hand  an  extensive  and  well  selected  collection  of  SCARCE  and  CURIOUS  ENGLISH  and 
AMERICAN  BOOKS,  containing  some  of  the  most  rare  and  valuable  works  on  the 

Fine  Arts,  the  Drama,  Heraldry,  Astrology,  Theology  and  Religion,  Greek,  Roman, 
French,  Spanish,  and  early  English  and  American  History,  Literature,  &c. 

A large  assortment  of  new  and  second-hand  CLASSICAL  and  SCHOOL  BOOKS,  at  half  the  regular  prices, 
comprising  all  the  kinds  now  in  general  use. 

A tine  collection  of  new  and  second  hand  LAW  and  MEDICAL  WORKS. 

Our  stock  of  MISCELLANEOUS  BOOKS  will  be  found  to  contain  almost  every  work  of  any  note  in  the 
whole  range  of  Modern  Literature,  Science  or  Art. 

All  the  NEW  BOOKS,  NOVELS,  MAGAZINES  and  PAMPHLETS,  as  soon  as  published. 

Also  full  and  half  bound  BLANK,  RECEIPT,  MEMORANDUM  and  PASS  BOOKS;  LETTER,  FOOLS- 
CAP, MEDIUM,  NOTE,  TISSUE  and  DRAWING  PAPERS;  PENS,  INK,  WAFERS,  ENVELOPES,  &c. 

Confident  in  our  ability  to  sell  cheap,  we  cordially  invite  the  book  buying  public  to  call  and  examine  our 
stock  before  purchasing  elsewhere.  All  orders  for  quantities  or  the  single  copy,  from  any  part  of  the  state  or 
country,  attended  to  with  dispatch. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


rivers  which  flow  from  the  interior.  This  plain  does  not  now  present  an  unbroken 
surface,  but  is  marked  by  minor  irregularities  and  undulations,  which  have  been 
due  to  the  action  of  brooks,  creeks,  and  rain  torrents  ; still,  the  general  character 
of  a broad  level  is  preserved,  as  it  is  in  the  ocean,  notwithstanding  its  surface  is 
broken  by  waves.  The  portion  of  the  plain  lying  in  Maryland,  which  is  sometimes 
called  the  tide-water  district,  embraces  nearly  one-half  of  the  territory  of  the  state. 
This  great  region,  which  once  formed  the  bed  of  an  ancient  ocean,  and  has  risen 
by  means  of  those  elevatory  forces  which  have  acted  upon  all  the  continents,  con- 
tains beneath  its  surface  unquestioned  records  of  the  epochs  when  its  materials 
were  deposited.  In  the  strata  which  compose  this  plain  towards  the  north,  in 
New-Jersey,  fossils  are  found  indicating  that  the  strata  belong  to  the  cretaceous  or 
chalk  formation,  which  occupies  in  the  geological  scale  the  upper  part  of  the 
secondary  formation.  The  cretaceous  strata,  if  they  exist  in  Maryland,  are  con- 
cealed by  the  overlying  deposits ; but  they  probably  form  the  floor  of  these  depo- 
sits from  New-Jersey  to  North  Carolina,  where  they  again  appear  at  the  surface. 
The  fossils  found  in  the  cliffs  and  banks  of  the  Atlantic  plain,  prove  that  the  strata 
which  compose  it  belong  principally  to  the  tertiary  formation,  which  lies  next 
the  chalk.*  All  the  tertiary  deposits,  with  the  exception  of  the  pliocene,  occur  in 
the  state.  The  inclination  of  the  tertiary  beds  in  Maryland  is  very  slight,  and 
towards  the  southeast,  so  that  the  Potomac  below  Washington  presents  sections  of 
each  of  the  divisions,  the  lower  beds  rising  to  the  surface  as  we  proceed  west. 

The  later  tertiary  or  post  pliocene,  which  represents  the  epochs  next  antecedent 
to  the  introduction  of  the  human  race,  occurs  in  Maryland  only  in  limited  patches. 
The  principal  one  is  in  St.  Mary’s  county.  To  this  period  are  referred  the  nume- 
rous beds  of  oysters  which  skirt  the  low  margins  of  the  islets  and  rivers  of  Mary- 
land, and  which  are  usually  attributed  to  the  agency  of  the  aborigines.  The  deposit 
in  St.  Mary’s  county  is  interesting,  as  containing  several  southern  species,  and  par- 
ticularly the  gnathadon  caneatus , which  is  now  found  only  in  the  warmer  water's 
of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico ; a fact  indicating  the  prevalence  in  this  region  of  a climate 
like  that  of  Florida,  at  the  period  of  the  formation  of  this  deposit.  The  miocene 
formation,  which  underlies  the  last-named  deposits,  is  the  most  widely  extended 
of  the  tertiary  beds.  The  principal  marl  beds  are  in  this  formation.  It  occurs 
near  Chestertown,  Wye  Mills,  on  Choptank  river,  near  Easton,  and  at  other  places 
near  the  Eastern  Shore ; also  through  the  counties  of  St.  Mary’s,  Calvert,  &c. 
Within  the  miocene,  at  Piscataway,  has  been  traced  a remarkable  bed  of  silicious 
clay,  entirely  composed  of  silicious  cases  (of  infusoria)  so  minute  as  only  to  be 
detected  by  a powerful  microscope,  yet  containing  distinct  specific  characters,  en- 
abling us  to  refer  them  to  the  miocene.  Of  the  shells  in  the  miocene  deposits  in 
this  state,  about  seventeen  per  cent,  have  been  identified  with  living  species. 
Thus,  at  this  remote  period,  the  peculiar  distribution  of  living  mollusca,  which 
now  exists,  had  begun  to  prevail  in  the  region  of  Maryland,  while  at  this  geological 
era  the  fauna  were  so  distinct  from  the  present,  that  four-fifths  of  the  species  now 
living  had  not  come  into  existence. 

An  abrupt  line  of  demarcation  exists  between  the  fossil  groups  of  the  miocene' 
and  eocene,  which  lies  next  below  the  former.  Before  the  deposition  of  the  mio- 
cene beds,  some  event  has  occurred,  like  a sudden  fall  in  the  temperature  of  the 
ocean,  which  has  destroyed  every  kind  of  animal  life  ; for  in  the  miocene  deposits, 
not  a single  form  of  the  lower  tertiary  bed  exists,  even  where  the  two  beds  are  in 
juxtaposition.  The  eocene,  which  towards  the  ocean  has  been  sunk  beneath  the 

+ By  collecting  all  the  fossils  contained  in  any  tertiary  deposit,  and  comparing  them  with 
existing  species,  the  geologist  is  enabled  to  classify  the  deposits  into  one  of  three  great  groups. 
In  the  lowest  deposit  or  group  but  few  recent  species  are  found.  It  is  thence  called  the  eocene 
or  dawn  of  recent  species.  The  next  above  contains  a minority  of  recent  species,  and  is 
thence  called  miocene.  Over  this  occurs  a deposit  containing  a majority  of  recent  species, 
which  is  called  pliocene,  and  above  the  last  a deposit  called  the  post  pliocene. 


100 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY, 


This  Remedy  is  guaranteed  to  Cure  all  External 
Cancer  where  vital  Organs  are  not  affected. 


TERMS  — NO  CURE  NO  PAY. 


To  that  portion  of  the  human  family  who  are  afflicted  with  disease,  this  subject  is  one  of  serious  import,  in- 
volving no  less  than  the  question  of  life  or  death. 

All  Medical  writers  speak  of  this  disease  as  incurable  except  by  the  aid  of  the  knife,  which  is  as  likely  to 
kill  as  to  cure  ; and  the  experience  of  the  Medical  profession  is,  that  in  nine  cases  out  of  ten  where  Cancer  is 
removed  by  the  knife,  it  returns  again  in  a very  short  time  ; the  reason  is,  that  Cancer  is  a tumor  which  sends 
out  its  roots  or  fangs  in  every  direction,  and  although  the  bulk  of  the  disease  may  be  cut  away,  the  extremity  of 
the  roots  remains  in  the  flesh,  to  sprout  out  again  at  no  distant  day  with  renewed  virulence. 

The  failure  of  the  Medical  profession  heretofore  to  cure  this  disease,  has  invested  it  with  a terror  that  accom- 
panies scareelv  any  other  malady. 

CAN  CANCER  BE  CURED  ? is  still  the  inquiry  of  the  suffering.  I have  no  hesitancy  in  saying  that  Cancer 
can  he  cured  ; and  that  too  without  the  use  of  caustic  or  knife,  dnd  is  therefore  no  longer  to  be  regarded  as  in- 
curable. 

1 HAVE  NO  HESITATION  IN  PLEDGING  MYSELF  TO  THE  PUBLIC  THAT  I WILL  IN  A FEW  WEEKS  EFFECT  A CURE  OF 
EXTERNAL  CANCER  ! I MAKE  THIS  BOLD  ASSERTION  AND  WILL  DO  WHAT  I SAY,  IN  ALL  ORDINARY  CASES. 

Let  the  afflicted  test  the  matter  for  themselves,  there  will  be  no  risk  run,  nor  lo«s  incurred  by  giving  it  a 
fair  trial.  I put  it  upon  its  own  merits,  and  no  pay  required  until  a cure  is  effected  or  full  satisfaction  given. 

There  has  not  been  a single  instance  out  of  the  many  applications  I have  made  of  this  wonderful  remedy 
where  the  results  have  not  been  uniform  in  the  removal  ot  all  cancerous  tumors,  some  of  which  have  been  of 
a number  of  years’  standing,  and  abandoned  by  the  regular  profession  as  UTTERLY  INCURABLE,  in  proof 
of  which  there  is  an  abundance  of  testimony  all  over  the  country. 

Persons  afflicted  with  this  disease  should  not  delay,  but  apply  at  once,  and  have  the  tumor  extracted  before 
the  fangs  have  extended  to  the  vital  organs,  and  the  whole  system  becomes  affected,  for  then  indeed  all 
remedy  is  hopeless.  But  if  the  application  be  made  before  the  disease  has  become  constitutional,  a few  weeks 
will  suffice  to  make  a permanent  and  radical  cure. 

Persons  at  a distance  requiring  any  further  evidence  or  information  who  are  afflicted  themselves,  or  have 
friends  so  afflicted,  can  obtain  it  at  once,  by  sending  their  inquiii  s to  my  address, 

JOHN  HEIRS, 

No,  102  Baltimore  Street. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


miocene,  rises  shortly  after  passing  a line  from  Fort  Washington  to  Annapolis. 
Of  two  hundred  species  of  shells  found  in  this  formation,  not  one  now  exists  on  the 
coast,  or  is  found  in  the  more  recent  deposits  of  the  United  States,  although  many 
are  identical  with  the  eocene  fossils  of  the  Paris  basin.  A circumstance  of  much 
economical  interest  in  relation  to  this  formation  is  the  occurrence,  in  many  locali- 
ties of  the  eocene,  of  that  most  valuable  fertilizer,  the  green  sand,  which  occurs  in 
the  secondary  beds  of  New-Jersey,  and  has  added  so  much  to  the  agricultural 
wealth  of  that  state.  The  decomposed  shells,  or  marl,  of  the  tertiary  have  con- 
tributed, in  scarcely  a less  degree,  to  the  fertility  of  the  lower  counties  of  Mary- 
land. 

The  head  of  tide  water  forms  the  limit  of  the  tertiary.  On  the  western  borders 
of  this  formation,  all  along  the  Atlantic  coast,  all  the  great  rivers  descend  by  falls 
and  rapids.  At  these  points  the  navigation  is  stopped,  and  large  cities  have  sprung 
up.  Thus  the  western  boundary  of  the  tertiary  is  a line  of  great  geographical  and 
political  interest.  Proceeding  westward  from  the  limit  of  the  tertiary,  we  find  a 
belt  of  stratified  metamorphic,  or  hypogene  rocks,  which  ranges  nearly  parallel 
with  the  Atlantic  coast.  These  rocks  include  gneiss,  micaceous,  chloritic,  and  tal- 
cose  slates,  and  beds  of  serpentine,  granite,  and  limestone.  The  width  of  this  belt, 
in  Maryland,  from  its  eastern  border  to  the  points  where  its  rocks  begin  to  be 
covered  unconformably  with  new  red  sandstone,  is  from  20  to  30  miles.  This  re- 
gion is  characterized  by  hills  generally  of  moderate  height,  but  sometimes  rising 
as  high  as  nine  hundred  feet  above  mid  tide.  Their  summits  are  rounded,  and 
present  a striking  contrast  to  the  lorig,  steep,  parallel  ridges  of  the  Alleghanies. 
The  beds  of  the  rivers  which  pass  through  this  region  are  in  deeply-cleft  valleys, 
with  rounded  or  abrupt  sides,  that  afford  small  tracts  of  alluvial  soil.  The  general 
inclination  of  these  hypogene  rocks  is  to  the  southeast,  at  an  angle  of  about  45°  ; 
the  direction  of  the  range  is  northeast  and  southwest.  The  principal  minerals  and 
rocks  of  economical  value  in  this  belt  are  the  gneiss,  which  forms  an  excellent  and 
indestructible  material  for  ordinary  building  purposes  ; primary  limestone,  or  sac- 
charoidal  marble,  extensively  used  for  building  purposes  in  Baltimore  and  Wash- 
ington ; hydrosilicates  of  magnesia,  which  furnish  a material  for  the  production  of 
a large  amount  of  magnesia.  The  serpentine  of  Harford  county,  and  the  northern 
border  of  Cecil  county,  has  yielded  a large  amount  of  ferroxide  of  chrome,  for 
making  pigments  and  dyes ; titaniated  iron,  which  occurs  in  gneiss,  has  been  worked 
with  success  in  Harford  county.  Ores  of  brown  hematite,  extensively  used  in 
Maryland  for  the  manufacture  of  iron  of  excellent  quality,  occur  in  beds  of  clay 
and  loam,  particularly  on  the  borders  of  the  primary  limestone  within  this  belt. 

Near  Frederick,  in  passing  westward,  we  perceive  that  the  hypogene  rocks  begin 
to  be  covered  with  unconformable  beds  of  red  sandstone.  This  group  of  rocks  is 
one  of  the  most  remarkably  uniform  in  the  country,  possessing  the  same  charac- 
teristics from  the  Hudson  to  North  Carolina.  It  consists  of  dark  reddish  brown 
argillaceous  sandstones,  of  crumbly-brown  shales  and  coarse  conglomerates.  The 
strata  dip  gently  towards  the  northwest,  or  towards  the  mountains.  The  beds, 
which  show  themselves  along  the  southeastern  edge  of  the  tract,  consist  mostly  of 
coarse  sandstones,  alternating  with  red  shales.  The  central  parts  consist  more 
exclusively  of  brown  shales  and  brown  argillaceous  sandstone.  The  uppermost 
beds,  or  those  occurring  along  the  northwestern  margin  of  the  formation,  have  fre- 
quently the  character  of  coarse  conglomerates,  made  up  of  pebbles  deri  ved  from  a 
great  variety  of  rocks,  chiefly  those  which  occur  at  the  base  or  on  the  side  of  the 
adjoining  South  mountain.  The  beds  of  rock  on  the  Potomac,  which  have  fur- 
nished the  material  from  which  the  columns  in  the  House  of  Representatives  in 
the  Capitol  at  Washington  have  been  constructed,  belong  to  this  formation,  the 
pebbles  and  the  cementing  materials  in  these  beds  being  of  limestone.  The  few 
fossil  fishes  and  shells  found  in  this  formation  establish  its  age  to  be  that  of  the 
upper  new  red  sandstones  of  Europe,  or  the  period  of  the  middle  ages  of  geologi- 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


102 


JAS.  H.  MILLI.KIN  8c  SON, 


UMBRELLA 


MANUFACTURERS, 


3STO-  267  STREET. 


J03T  Agents  for  Baeder,  Delany  & Adamson’s  Cow-Hide  Whips,  Sand, 
Emery  Paper  and  Emery  Cloth.  Also  for  Buckskin  Gloves,  Mitts  and  Gauntlets. 


w s x* 


WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL, 


No.  257  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

THIRD  DOOR  EAST  OF  nANOVER  STREET. 

J£3T  He  keeps  constantly  on  hand  a large  assortment  of 
the  latest  styles  of  Watches  and  Jewelry. 


ONE  PRICE  ONLY! 

S.  C.  WIN  CHESTER, 

GENTLEMEN’S 

RIGHT  ON  TIIE  CORNER  OF 

BALTIMORE  AND  LIGHT  STREETS. 

Shirts,  Stocks,  Ties  and  Collars,  Handkerchiefs 
and  Cravats,  ready  hemmed ; Gloves,  Scarfs,  Sus- 
penders, Drawers,  Under  Shirts,  Half  Hose,  &e. 

Heinisch’s  Patent  Tailor’s  Shears,  Trimmers, 
Points  and  Scissors,  at  Patentee’s  prices. 

Shirts,  Stocks  and  Collars  made  to  order. 

In  the  adoption  of  and  a strict  adherence  to  One 
Price  Only,  strangers  have  the  surest  guarantee  of 
paying  but  a fair  price  for  their  purchases. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  TIIE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


cal  history.  To  this  formation  belong  the  most  important  localities  of  copper 
ores  in  Maryland.  Indeed,  this  formation  is  the  depository  of  the  principal  copper 
mines  in  the  United  States,  the  beds  containing  the  copper  of  Lake  Superior  being 
now  referred  to  this  formation. 

After  passing  the  formation  of  new  red  sandstone,  which  occupies,  as  we  have 
seen,  a narrow  trough  in  the  hypogene  or  metamorphic  rocks,  proceeding  west- 
wardly,  we  approach  the  first  ridge  of  the  Alleganies  or  the  great  Apalaehian  chain 
A rapid  glance  at  the  general  features  in  the  structure  of  the  whole  chain  will  en- 
able us  to  comprehend  more  fully  the  portion  of  the  chain  which  exists  in  this 
state.  This  chain,  geologically  considered,  extends  from  Vermont  to  Alabama, 
being  more  than  1,000  miles  long,  from  50  to  100  miles  broad,  and  varying  in 
height  from  800  to  4,000  feet.  Unlike  the  great  chains  of  many  countries  which 
contain  a principal  central  mountain,  to  which  all  the  minor  ranges  tend,  this  sys- 
tem consists  of  a broad  zone  of  almost  innumerable  parallel  ridges  of  nearly  equal 
parallel  height.  The  characteristic  features  of  the  ridges  are  great  length,  narrow- 
ness, and  steepness,  the  evenness  of  their  summits,  and  their  remarkable  parallel- 
ism ; many  of  them  are  almost  straight  for  more  than  50  miles.  This  feature, 
combined  with  their  steep  slopes  and  sharp  and  level  summits,  gives  them  the 
appearance,  seen  in  perspective,  of  so  many  colossal  intrenchments.  The  first  belt 
of  the  chain,  having  in  a less  degree  the  characteristics  above  mentioned,  is  the 
narrow  undulating  mountain  range  called,  in  New-York  and  New-Jersey,  the 
Highlands ; in  Pennsylvania,  the  South  Mountain ; in  Maryland,  the  South  Moun- 
tain or  Blue  Ridge — the  latter  name  being  applied  to  the  range  in  Virginia — the  Ca- 
toctin  mountain,  which  is  the  first  chain  of  importance  which  presents  itself  in 
Maryland  as  we  proceed  west,  being  a spur  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  The  rocks  of  this 
belt  are,  for  the  most  part,  of  the  older  metamorphic  strata,  including  gneiss,  mica- 
ceous, chloritic,  argillaceous  and  talcose  slates,  and  the  Pottsdam  sandstone.  Such 
is  the  character  of  the  rocks  exposed  by  the  canal  and  railroad  excavations  at  Har- 
per’s Ferry.  Immediately  northwest  of  this  mountain  range  is  the  great  Apala- 
chian  valley,  which  ranges  from  Vermont  to  Alabama  under  various  local  names. 
The  portion  lying  in  Maryland  is  called  the  Hagerstown  valley.  The  latter,  like 
the  continuation  of  the  same  valley  north  and  south,  is  principally  based  upon  the 
Trenton  limestone,  remarkable  as  containing  all  the  great  caverns  in  the  country. 
Beyond  this  valley  to  the  northwest  is  a wide  belt  of  long,  narrow,  parallel  ridges 
and  included  valleys,  spreading  northwestward  to  the  foot  of  the  great  plateau  of 
the  Alleghany  or  Cumberland  mountain.  This  belt  has  a breadth  varying  from 
thirty  to  sixty  miles.  These  narrow  and  parallel  ridges  consist  of  strata  folded 
into  a succession  of  convex  and  concave  strata,  which  have  been  subsequently  laid 
open  by  denudation.  They  consist  of  silurian,  devonian,  and  carboniferous  forma- 
tions, adopting  the  terms  applied  to  similar  formations  in  England — the  older 
groups,  or  silurian,  lying  chiefly  along  the  southeastern  flank  of  the  Apalachians, 
and  the  carboniferous  making  their  appearance  as  we  proceed  west.  It  is  evident 
that  these  beds,  now  so  much  folded  and  fractured,  were  originally  horizontal,  and 
formed  continuous  deposits  with  the  rocks  of  the  great  western  coal  field.  It  ap- 
pears that  the  bending  and  fracture  of  the  beds  is  greatest  on  the  Atlantic  side  of 
the  chain,  and  the  strata  become  less  and  less  disturbed  as  wre  proceed  towards 
the  west.  The  most  important  feature  in  the  geology  of  the  Apalaehian  chain,  as 
it  exists  in  Maryland,  is  the  occurrence  among  its  strata  of  the  carboniferous  for- 
mation, and  its  included  beds  of  coal  and  ores  of  iron.  There  are  three  important 
coal  areas  within  the  state  ; two  northwest  of  the  so-called  Backbone  of  the  Alle- 
gany mountain;  the  northwest,  or  Youghiogeny  field,  estimated  to  contain  250 
square  miles ; the  middle  area,  between  Negro  and  Meadow  mountains,  estimated 
to  contain  120  square  miles.  These  fields,  lying  in  the  midst  of  a forest  region, 
have  not  been  thoroughly  explored.  The  estimates  of  their  value  cannot  be  much 
relied  on.  This  is  of  comparatively  little  importance,  as  from  their  location  they 


104  BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


M.  BARRETT  & BRO. 

CARVERS  AND  GILDERS, 


No.  82  Howard  Street,  Corner  of  Saratoga, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 


looking  (fplnss,  |tetrnit&|}irfttte  |tanw, 

BRACKET  TABLES,  WINDOW  CORNICES, 

A TV  DO 


GILT  €> 3FI. 3£§£ * dbc. 

IN  ALL  ITS  VARIETY. 

OLD  WORK  RE-GILT  WITH  NEATNESS. 

Those  wishing  Picture  Frames,  Looking  Glasses,  &c.,  will  do  well  to  call  on  Messrs.  Barrett  & Broth- 
er, as  they  guarantee  satisfaction  in  every  respect.  VVe  shall  hereafter  have  something  more  to  say  about  them 
in  our  Leading  Pursuits  and  Leading  Men. — Editor.  See  page  82. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  TIIE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


must  remain  for  a long  time  undisturbed.  The  Frostburg,  or  Cumberland  coal 
basin,  lies  between  Davis  mountain  to  the  east,  and  Savage  mountain  to  the  west, 
extending  within  the  state  twenty  miles  in  length,  with  an  average  breadth  of  four 
and  a half  miles.  The  carboniferous  strata,  composing  the  coal  series,  consisting, 
as  elsewhere,  of  shale,  grit,  sandstone,  limestone,  argillaceous  iron  ore,  and  coal, 
dip  on  every  side  towards  the  centre  of  the  trough.  The  successive  beds  have  been 
compared,  in  shape,  to  a great  number  of  Indian  canoes,  placed  one  within  the 
other.  The  entire  thickness  of  the  coal  measures  about  1,500  feet.  The  present 
surface  of  the  basin  is  irregular,  as  it  has  been  intersected  by  numerous  deep 
ravines,  formed  by  streams  and  rivers.  By  these  means  large  portions  of  the  beds 
have  been  swept  away.  Wherever  the  beds  have  been  cut  off  by  the  intervention 
of  a valley,  they  are  seen  on  the  opposite  sides  at  the  same  level,  showing  that  the 
beds  were  once  continuous.  The  whole  amount  of  denudation  has  been  estimated 
at  26,250  acres,  86,847  acres  or  135  square  miles,  being  the  supposed  present  area 
of  the  coal.  This  denudation  has  given  great  facility  for  exploration  of  the  strata 
and  working  the  coal,  and  saves  the  large  expenditures  necessary  in  other  regions 
for  draining  the  mines.  The  whole  quantity  of  coal  may  be  extracted  without  the 
use  of  a shaft.  The  principal  seam  has  been  ten  feet  in  thickness  of  workable  coal, 
and  there  are  several  other  workable  beds  of  less  thickness ; the  whole  thickness 
of  available  coal  having  been  estimated  at  45  feet.  The  data  above  given,  sup- 
posing the  whole  coal  to  be  accessible,  would  make  the  gross  amount  in  this  basin 
6,305,137,827  tons,  and  the  available  quantity,  making  the  ordinary  deductions, 
over  four  thousand  million  tons.  The  analysis  of  the  Cumberland  coal  shows  it  to 
be  of  the  kind  denominated  dry  or  close  burning,  or  intermediate  between  the  fat 
coal  of  Pittsburg  and  the  anthracite  of  Pennsylvania.  Experiments  prove  that 
this  coal,  in  evaporative  power,  occupies  the  very  highest  place  among  American 
coals.  This  is  further  demonstrated  by  its  extensive  use  in  the  ocean  steamers. 

It  will  be  seen  from  this  rapid  sketch,  in  which,  from  want  of  space,  many 
interesting  details  are  omitted,  that  the  State  of  Maryland,  in  the  extended  range 
of  its  geological  formations,  is  favored  with  one  of  the  most  important  physical 
elements  of  prosperity.  The  same  cause  has  been  in  a high  degree  conducive  to 
the  wealth  of  England.  The  tertiary  of  Maryland  has  contributed  a soil  of  easy 
tillage  and  inexhaustible  supplies  of  the  best  and  cheapest  material  for  enriching 
it.  Its  incoherent  beds  have  suffered  the  tide  to  penetrate  far  inland,  thus  giving 
the  advantages  of  the  seaboard  to  the  inhabitant  of  the  interior.  The  metamorphic 
rocks  furnish  the  best  materials  for  construction  near  the  points  where  they  are 
most  needed,  and  producing  water-falls  on  the  rivers  at  the  borders  of  the  Atlantic 
plain,  have  placed  the  sites  of  manufactures  near  the  great  water  highways.  The 
shales  and  sandstones  of  the  secondary  have  formed  new  varieties  of  soil,  and  con- 
tributed new  material  for  architecture  and  metallurgy.  To  the  Silurian  formation 
is  due  the  broad  and  fertile  valley  resting  on  the  Trenton  limestone,  and  to  the 
peculiar  structure  of  the  Apalachian  chain,  the  rich  glades  of  the  upper  mountain 
valleys.  Finally,  the  carboniferous  beds  supply  without  limit  the  minerals  most 
essential  to  commerce  and  the  arts — coal,  the  indispensable  aliment  of  industry, 
and  iron,  the  instrument  with  which  all  wealth  is  created. 

Kent  Island,  now  forming  a portion  of  Queen  Anne  county,  was  the  site  of  the 
first  white  settlement  within  the  present  limits  of  Maryland.  In  1631,  William 
Claiborne,  with  a party  of  men  from  Virginia,  commenced  a colony  on  the  island. 
But  the  charter  under  which  Maryland  was  permanently  established  was  granted 
to  Cecilius  Calvert,  second  Lord  Baltimore,  by  Charles  I.,  and  bears  date  20th 
June,  1632.  The  province  covered  by  this  grant,  however,  had  been  partially 
explored  by  Sir  George  Calvert,  the  father  of  the  grantee,  four  years  previously. 
The  name,  Terra  Maria  or  Mary’s  land,  was  given  it  in  honor  of  Henrietta  Maria, 
queen  of  the  reigning  monarch.  The  “ Ark”  and  the  “ Dove,”  the  two  vessels  de- 
signed to  convey  the  emigrants,  about  200  in  all  and  chiefly  Roman  Catholics,  to 


106 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


°'  STEV£%  $ 


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BLINDS  AND  GLAZED  SASH, 

NEWELL  POSTS, 

BALUSTERS,  &c. 

3M<o.  47 


We  keep 
a large  stock 
constantly  on 
hand,  and 
warrant  our 
work  to  be 
made  in  the 
best  manner, 
from  well  sea- 


soned lumber 
We  invite 
Builders, 
Contractors , 
Carpenters, 
and  all  per- 


jv  pure  h a s i n g 


" 1' 1 ^ these  articles, 


TO  AN  EXAMINATION  OF  OUR  STOCK. 


Packed  to  insure  its  safe  transportation  for  any  distance. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


the  future  settlement,  sailed  from  the  Isle  of  Wight  on  the  22d  November,  1633. 
These  were  landed  on  the  island  of  St.  Clement  on  the  25th  March,  1634,  and  im- 
mediately took  possession  of  the  country  with  religious  solemnities.  On  the  27th 
they  commenced  a settlement  on  the  main  land,  at  St.  Mary’s,  and  this  is  counted 
the  date  of  the  foundation  of  the  colony. 

The  chief  design  and  motive  of  these  colonists  was  to  secure  to  all  who  might 
be  inclined  to  emigrate  a refuge  from  religious  persecution.  They  considered 
themselves,  and  have  been  generally  denominated  by  historians,  fugitives  from 
ecclesiastical  tyranny,  and  bear  in  their  own  annals  the  honorable  title  of  “ Pil- 
grims of  St.  Mary’s.” 

The  first  governor  of  the  country  was  Leonard  Calvert.  Shortly  after  landing 
he  directed  his  attention  to  Claiborne’s  settlement  on  Kent  Island,  and  notified  that 
indomitable  pioneer  that  he  must  henceforth  consider  himself  a subject  of  the  Pro- 
prietary. Claiborne  refused  compliance,  and  after  some  hard  fighting,  both  he 
and  his  followers  were  banished  from  the  colony.  Beyond  this  nothing,  if  we  ex- 
cept slight  Indian  disturbances,  distracted  for  many  years  the  repose  of  the  set- 
tlers. The  first  legislature  was  convened  in  1639,  and  adopted  many  wise  and 
useful  laws.  The  county  of  St.  Mary’s  had  been  previously  organized,  but  no 
other  political  subdivisions  existed  but  “ Hundreds.”  A county  court  for  this 
county  was  now  established,  and  local  jurisdictions  for  the  several  hundreds. 
Tobacco  had  already  become  so  important  a staple  that  it  was  thought  expedient 
to  tax  its  exportation  as  a source  of  revenue.  Provision  was  also  made  for  build- 
ing a water-mill  for  the  use  of  the  people,  and  also  for  erecting  a “ towne-house.” 

The  great  revolution  in  England  now  began.  The  Proprietary  was  a Catholic 
and  an  adherent  of  the  king.  A congregation  of  Puritans,  expelled  from  Virginia 
as  non-conformists,  had  settled  in  Maryland  about  1642,  and  now,  believing  the 
time  eligible,  became  the  nucleus  of  a powerful  opposition  to  the  monarchical  and 
Catholic  party.  Claiborne  also  returned  from  his  exile  and  regained  possession  of 
Kent  Island,  and  eventually,  in  conjunction  with  the  Puritans,  compelled  the 
legal  governor  to  fly  into  Virginia,  and  took  possession  of  the  province.  This 
event  was  almost  cotemporary  with  the  triumph  of  the  parliament  in  England, 
with  which  party  the  opponents  of  the  colonial  government  in  Maryland  seem  to 
have  been  identified.  In  1646,  however,  Calvert  returned  from  Virginia  at  the 
head  of  a military  force  and  recovered  possession  of  the  government,  and  having 
restored  order,  died  in  1647. 

In  1649  the  assembly  passed  that  noble  act  of  religious  toleration  that  has  placed 
Maryland  so  far  above  her  sister  colonies,  and  which  threw  the  mantle  of  charity 
over  all,  and  in  the  benefits  of  which  the  Catholic,  Quaker  and  Puritan  participated  ; 
for  all  had  experienced  the  rigors  of  persecution.  The  colony  truly  became  the 
“ Land  of  the  Sanctuary,”  and  by  this  act  all  sects  and  denominations  of  Chris- 
tians were  secured  in  the  public  profession  of  their  faith  and  in  the  exercise  of 
their  religion  according  to  the  dictates  of  their  consciences.  “ Far  even  in  advance 
of  the  toleration  of  the  present  day,”  says  a recent  historian,  “ was  the  liberty  of 
conscience  of  early  Maryland  in  this  respect ; for  it  protected  the  feelings  as  well 
as  the  rights  and  interests  of  the  citizens.” 

The  Puritans,  whose  arrival  from  Virginia  has  heretofore  been  noticed,  with 
Richard  Bennet  as  the  leader,  settled  at  Providence,  which  at  a later  period  re- 
ceived the  name  of  Annapolis,  and  became  the  seat  of  government.  They  de- 
murred to  some  of  the  regulations  of  the  then  government,  and  in  consequence,  to 
conciliate  them,  their  settlements  were  erected  into  a separate  county  under  the 
name  of  Anne  Arundel  ; and  still,  additional  numbers  of  this  denomination 
arriving  from  England,  Charles  county  was  organized  for  them  shortly  afterwards. 
They  now  began  to  exercise  an  important  and  even  controlling  influence  in  public 
affairs.  On  the  overthrow  of  royalty  their  party  insisted  on  the  immediate  ac- 
knowledgment of  the  commonwealth ; but  so  far  from  conforming  to  the  political 


108 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


BART  US  WILKINS, 

No.  6 LIGHT  STREET  & 359  BALTIMORE  ST. 


MANUFACTURER  OF 


TRAVELING  TRUNKS, 

miLBSES,  ®A©@  ^ INI  ID)  ®<D1ULAIR8, 


OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


ARMSTRONG  & BERRY, 

WHOLESALE  -A.  UNTIL  RETAIL 


And  Blank  Book  Manufacturers, 

NO.  156  BALTIMORE  STREET, 


MUSEUM  BUILDING. 

JOHM  Jk/E  Jk.  W, 

MANUFACTURER  AND  WHOLESALE  DEALER  IN 

CLOCKS,  LOOKING  GLASSES,  Ac. 

TOILET  BOXES, 

awaKiESt  as  Asns  rasMMs, 

OF  ALL  KINDS,  KEPT  CONSTANTLY  ON  HAND, 

64  SOUTH  CHARLES  STREET,  NEAR  LOMBARD. 


FRENCH  BURR  MILLSTONES  WARRANTED. 


MORRIS  c&3  TR.IMBLE, 


Successors  to  Egenton  Morris  & Co, 

WEST  FALLS  AVENUE,  NEAR  PRATT  ST.  BRIDGE. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


necessities  of  the  times,  the  authorities  representing  the  Lord  Proprietary  took  an 
opposite  course,  and  proclaimed  Charles  II.  the  rightful  sovereign.  In  the  assem- 
bly that  met  next  after  the  death  of  the  king,  it  was  found  that  the  supporters 
of  the  commonwealth  were  in  the  majority.  In  1652  commissioners  from  England 
visited  Maryland,  writh  whom  were  associated  Claiborne  and  Bennet.  They  re- 
moved Governor  Stone,  the  representative  of  Lord  Baltimore,  and  completely 
established  the  authority  of  Cromwell.  Kent  Island  was  once  more  delivered  up 
to  Claiborne,  and  he  acquired  in  addition  Palmer  Island,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna. The  power  of  the  Proprietary  w^as  thus  for  a time  entirely  suspended. 
Richard  Bennet  was  removed  only  from  Maryland  to  be  made  Governor  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  Claiborne  was  appointed  secretary  under  him. 

In  1654  Lord  Baltimore  made  an  effort  to  regain  possession  of  the  colony  and 
to  restore  his  authority.  He  succeeded,  and  restored  Governor  Stone  ; but  with 
characteristic  promptitude  Bennet  and  Claiborne  returned  to  Maryland,  deposed 
the  governor,  reversed  all  the  proceedings  of  Lord  Baltimore  and  his  agents,  and 
established  a commission  for  the  government  of  the  colony,  placing  Captain  Wil- 
liam Fuller  at  its  head.  Hereupon  commenced  a contest  which  had  all  the  charac- 
teristics of  civil  war.  Under  renewed  instructions,  Stone,  in  1655,  made  a deter- 
mined effort  to  restore  the  Proprietary  government,  and  hostilities  were  carried  on 
by  land  and  water.  St.  Mary’s  w\as  the  nominal  capital  and  the  focus  of  the 
royalists ; wrhile  the  actual  possessors  of  power  considered  Providence  as  the  seat 
of  lawful  authority,  and  there  or  in  its  vicinity  was  concentrated  the  strength  of 
their  party.  A small  detachment  of  Governor  Stone’s  force  captured  from  their 
opponents  the  records  of  the  province  and*a  magazine  of  arms  and  ammunition  ; 
and  at  length,  with  his  whole  force,  Stone  proceeded  to  Providence  and  made  an 
attack  on  the  Puritans,  whom  they  found  prepared  to  receive  them  near  that 
place.  A battle  ensued,  in  wThich  the  latter  were  completely  victorious.  The  vic- 
tors treated  their  conquered  enemies  as  traitors  and  rebels,  and  many  of  them, 
including  Governor  Stone,  were  condemned  to  death,  and  at  least  four  of  them 
were  executed  in  pursuance  of  the  sentence.  The  governor  and  his  council  were 
spared  only  at  the  intercession  of  the  victorious  soldiery  themselves.  This  deci- 
sive action  was  fought  25th  March,  1655.  After  three  years  of  civil  commotion, 
during  most  of  which  time  the  Puritans  governed  the  colony,  the  power  of  the 
Proprietary  was  restored,  and  his  brother,  Philip  Calvert,  was  appointed  governor. 
William  Claiborne,  who  had  so  perseveringly  contended  for  his  rights  as  settler 
and  proprietor  of  Kent  Island,  retired  to  Virginia,  wdiere  he  established  a county 
called  New  Kent,  and  represented  it  in  the  assembly  in  1666. 

In  1660,  twenty  six  years  from  the  foundation  of  the  colony,  the  population  of 
Maryland  was  about  12,000 ; in  1665  it  was  16,000,  and  in  1671  it  had  increased 
to  20,000.  The  extension  of  political  organization  had  kept  pace  wdth  population. 
Up  to  this  period  seven  counties  had  been  founded,  but  there  were  no  considerable 
towms.  St.  Mary’s  and  Providence  were  still  small  villages.  Importations  sup- 
plied the  place  of  domestic  manufactures,  except  such  as  were  made  in  the  families 
of  the  settlers. 

The  period  of  the  introduction  of  slavery  into  Maryland  has  not  been  fixed  with  ex- 
actness ; but  it  was  probably  nearly  cotemporaneous  with  the  foundation  of  the  col- 
ony, and  it  is  even  thought  that  Claiborne  had  negro  servants  with  him  on  his  first 
settlement  on  Kent  Island.  It  is  a well-ascertained  fact  that  slaves  were  brought 
into  Virginia  by  a Dutch  ship  as  early  as  1620.  Mention  of  negro  slaves  is  first 
made  in  the  laws  of  Maryland  in  1663  ; but  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  the 
allusions  in  previous  statutes  to  slaves  without  the  prefix,  referred  to  the  African 
or  his  descendant.  In  1671  an  act  was  passed  to  encourage  their  importation. 
There  was,  however,  another  class  of  servants  called  Redemptionists , emigrants 
from  Europe  who  had  pledged  their  services  for  certain  terms  of  years,  in  order 
to  procure  the  means  of  transportion  to  the  New  World.  Their  time  was  sold  at 


110 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


INFALLIBLE  SALVE 


FOR  THE  OUT  HIE  OF 


This  remedy  for  the  BLIND  PILES  is  safe,  sure  and  speedy.  It  has  long 
been  in  the  possession  of  the  subscriber,  but  never  until  now  offered  to  the 
public.  Having  cured  many  friends  by  its  application,  he  has  concluded  to  in- 
troduce it  to  the  community,  knowing  well  that  its  invaluable  qualities  will  insure 
for  it  universal  commendation. 

He  has  cured  the  worst  cases  in  a short  time,  and  that  when  the  sufferer 
had  been  thought  beyond  the  reach  of  remedies,  without  the  least  inconvenience 
or  pain.  Try  it,  and  you  will  never  regret  its  use,  but  will  rejoice  at  its  success. 


Before  going  to  bed,  wash  the  affected  parts  well  with  cold,  soft  or  rain  water, 
but  use  no  soap,  then  gently  anoint  the  parts  with  the  Salve,  and  continue  to 
bathe  and  use  the  Salve  night  and  morning,  until  cured. 

Many  persons  have  been  cured  by  using  this  Salve,,  in  only  two  days  ; the  first 
application,  the  patient  will  find  great  relief — it  acts  like  a charm,  and  so  con- 
tinue until  a cure  is  effected.  I have  many  certificates  in  my  office  from  persons 
who  are  well  known  to  the  public  in  this  city,  who  have  been  permanently  cured, 
and  recommend  it  highly  to  all  those  who  are  afflicted  with  this  painful  and  dan- 
gerous disease. 

PRICE  50  CENTS  A JAR. 

For  the  cure  of  BLEEDINGr  PILES,  call  and  see  the  Proprietor,  as  the 
Treatment  is  somewhat  different.  The  cure  is  certain  and  speedy  without  giving 
pain  or  inconvenience. 

All  communications  by  mail  promptly  attended  to. 

To  be  had  from  the  Proprietor,  Wholesale  and  Retail. 

T.  ’W.  BETTON, 

No.  3 4 7a  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

staiks. 

A © J3  ® » 

COLEMAN  & ROGERS,  173  Baltimore  street. 

ELISHA  H.  PERKINS.  S.  W.  Corner  of  Baltimore  and  Greene  streets. 

J.  F.  PERKINS  & BRO.,  S.  W.  Corner  Franklin  and  Greene  streets. 
JAMES  H.  PERKINS,  136  North  Howard  street. 

O.  MONSARRAT,  113  Broadway. 

J.  B.  STANSBUltY,  Corner  of  Broadway  and  Canton  Avenue. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


public  auction.  Baltimore  seems  to  have  been  the  port  to  which  this  class  chiefly 
came,  and  they  afterwards  formed  a numerous  and  respectable  class  of  citizens. 

Philip  Calvert  was  superseded  in  1662,  as  governor,  by  Charles,  son  of  the 
Lord  Proprietary,  who  acted  in  that  capacity  until  1675,  when,  upon  the  death  of 
his  father,  he  succeeded  to  his  rights,  and  appointed  Thomas  Notely  as  his  repre- 
sentative. On  the  occurrence  of  the  Revolution,  1688,  the  government  of  Mary- 
land, by  the  desire  of  the  Protestant  inhabitants,  was  assumed  by  King  William, 
and  in  1691  Sir  Leonel  Copley  was  appointed  governor.  Among  the  first  acts  of 
the  new  government  was  the  removal  of  the  capital  from  St.  Mary’s  to  Provi- 
dence, thence-after  known,  as  Annapolis. 

The  first  post  route  in  the  colony  was  established  in  1695,  and  extended  from 
the  Potomac  through  Annapolis  to  Philadelphia.  The  mail  carrier  was  required 
to  traverse  it  eight  times  a year,  for  which  services  he  received  £50  sterling  annu- 
ally. Contrast  this  period  with  the  present  facilities  of  the  state.  The  solitary 
route  of  1695  had  been  multiplied  in  1850  to  one  hundred  and  four,  the  combined 
length  of  which  was  2,435  miles,  and  the  total  amount  of  annual  transportation 
1,010,456  miles ; and  the  line  of  conveyance  on  which  the  mail  was  then  carried 
eight  times  a year  is  now  traversed  twice  a day. 

The  government  was  again  restored  to  the  family  of  the  Proprietary  in  1715, 
having  since  1691  been  administered  by  governors  holding  under  the  king’s  ap- 
pointment. At  this  period  the  population  was  estimated  at  30,000,  a fact  which 
conclusively  shows  that  the  ratio  of  increase  was  much  less  since  than  before  the 
census  taken  in  1671.  The  prosperity  of  the  colony  had  been  checked  by  the 
almost  exclusive  occupation  of  the  farmers  and  planters  in  raising  tobacco  to  the 
neglect  of  those  crops  upon  which  they  ought  to  have  relied  for  food ; nor  is  it 
surprising  that  years  of  scarcity  and  great  consequent  distress  occurred.  In  1694 
and  1695,  a destructive  disease  broke  out  among  the  stock  of  the  farmers,  and 
25,429  cattle  and  62,375  hogs  perished.  In  so  small  a community  the  loss  of 
such  an  amount  of  property  must  have  been  seriously  felt. 

Before  1697,  the  colonists  had  been  without  manufactures  of  their  own,  but  in 
that  year  an  effort  was  initiated  in  Somerset  and  Dorchester  counties  to  make 
woolen  and  linen  cloths.  Eveiy  attempt  of  this  kind,  however,  was  closely 
watched  by  the  English  government,  which  desired  to  compel  them  to  consume 
the  manufactures  of  England  as  a source  of  profit  to  its  own  people,  or  means  of 
securing  their  dependence  upon  them.  These  efforts  to  supply  a domestic  manu- 
facture, therefore,  either  failed  at  once  or  languished  out  a sickly  existence. 

In  1714,  Charles,  Lord  Baltimore,  the  hereditary  Proprietary,  died  at  the  age 
of  84.  His  son,  Benedict  Leonard  Calvert,  succeeded  to  the  province,  but  lived 
only  long  enough  to  have  his  rights  acknowledged.  He  died  in  April,  1715.  The 
principal  obstacle  to  the  recognition  of  the  claim  of  this  family  was  now  removed, 
for  the  young  heir  had  been  educated  a Protestant.  In  1715,  therefore,  the  au- 
thority of  the  Proprietary  was  restored  throughout  the  colony,  and  a commis- 
sion in  his  name  was  issued  to  Hart,  the  last  of  the  governors  appointed  by  the 
king.  From  this  period  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  French  war  in  1753,  the 
history  of  Maryland  is  not  marked  by  any  great  event.  Its  local  annals  are  filled 
with  relations  of  contentions  between  the  Proprietary  and  the  people  : the  one 
struggling  to  maintain  his  hereditary  privileges,  and  the  other  to  establish  their 
liberties.  In  all  these  struggles  are  discernible  the  germs  of  the  Revolution  of 
1776.  For  fifty  years  the  Six  Nations  of  Indians  had  maintained  a claim  to  lands 
west  of  the  Susquehanna,  in  Maryland,  which  at  times  had  given  rise  to  disturb- 
ances. These  claims  were  extinguished  in  1744,  by  the  payment  on  the  part  of 
Maryland  of  £300  current  money  of  the  province.  The  cession  was  arranged  at 
a treaty  held  between  the  representatives  and  the  commissioners  of  Maryland, 
Virginia  and  Pennsylvania,  at  Lancaster. 

The  building  of  towns  and  cities  was  a favorite  pursuit  in  the  early  times  of 


112 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


MULLMYER  8c  HUNTER, 


STEAMBOAT  HEAD  QUARTERS 


W.  H.  KUNSMAN, 

Ho.  126  XjXCS-IIT  ST.  WHARF, 


OPPOSITE  THE  WHARF  OF  STEAMER  HUGH  JENKINS, 


THE  BAR  IS  SUPPLIED  WITH  THE  BEST  OF  LIQUORS,  SEGALS,  &c. 

REFRESHMENTS  SERVED  UP  IN  SEASON. 


RAIL  ROAD,  LIVE  STOCK,  HAY,  COAL, 

AND  ALL  OTHER  KINDS  OP 


That  are  now  used.  He  warrants  them  to  stand  tests  with  any  other  Scales, 
and  will  sell  at  much  less  prices.  The  public  are  invited  to  send  their  Orders  or 
call  at  my  Old  Establishment, 

Corner  of  South  Charles  and  Balderston  Streets. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


Maryland  history,  as  it  has  been  in  most  other  parts  of  the  country  in  later  days. 
A large  number  was  chartered  by  acts  of  the  assembly,  which  never  attained  a 
growth  to  satisfy  the  hopes  of  their  projectors.  Baltimore  was  laid  out  in  1729 
on  the  lands  of  Charles  Carroll,  and  was  extended  in  1732  by  the  addition  of  the 
city  plot  of  lands  belonging  to  Edward  Fell,  whence  the  name  of  Fell’s  Point  applied 
to  that  part  of  the  city.  Annapolis  continued  to  increase.  It  is  an  evidence  of 
its  advancement  that  in  1745,  the  first  and  for  a long  time  the  only  newspaper 
printed  in  Maryland  was  established  there.  It  was  called  the  “Maryland  Gazette,” 
and  was  commenced  by  Thomas  Green,  official  printer  to  the  province.  It  con- 
tinued to  be  published  until  1839  by  the  descendants  of  its  founder.  A printing- 
press,  however,  had  been  set  up  at  Annapolis  some  forty  years  before  this,  for 
printing  the  laws  and  public  documents.  Frederick,  the  next  largest  and  most 
important  town  in  Maryland  after  Baltimore,  was  founded  in  1745,  and  was  named 
after  Frederick,  son  of  Charles,  Lord  Baltimore.  It  was  made  the  county  town  on 
the  formation  of  the  county  of  Frederick  in  1748.  Georgetown,  now  in  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  was  laid  out  on  a plot  of  sixty  acres  in  1751  ; and  being  a port 
of  deposit  for  the  produce  of  a large  and  fertile  district  of  country  and  the  head 
of  navigation  in  the  Potomac,  it  grew  rapidly  in  population  and  trade. 

In  1740,  Maryland  contributed  500  volunteers  and  £7,500  to  the  disastrous  ex- 
pedition against  the  Spanish  Main.  A noble  fleet,  consisting  of  nearly  100  ves- 
sels, including  30  ships  of  the  line,  commanded  by  Admiral  Vernon,  and  an  army 
of  12,000  men  under  General  Wentworth,  assembled  at  Jamaica  in  1741.  With 
this  imposing  force  a descent  was  made  on  Cartagena,  which  was  rendered  abortive, 
rather  by  the  malignity  of  the  climate  than  the  prowess  of  the  enemy.  It  was  cal- 
culated that  nine  out  of  ten  of  these  levies  perished  in  this  most  disastrous  expe- 
dition. The  province,  in  1748,  contained  about  130,000  inhabitants,  of  which 

94.000  were  white  and  36,000  colored  persons.  Eight  years  later,  the  number  of 
inhabitants  was  computed  at  154,188,  exhibiting  the  very  satisfactory  increase  of 
24,188,  or  about  18.6  per  centum  in  eight  years. 

The  development  of  the  resources  of  the  province  had  perhaps  hardly  kept  pace 
with  this  advancement  of  population.  The  policy  of  England  continued  to  be 
rigorous  in  the  discouragement  of  domestic  manufactures,  and  its  repressive  mea- 
sures were  not  without  effect.  Meanwhile,  the  legislature  of  the  province  offered 
bounties  in  land  for  the  erection  of  flour  mills,  iron  furnaces  and  forges,  and  other 
works  of  industry,  and  its  efforts  succeeded  to  a considerable  extent.  In  1749 
there  were  in  the  colony  eight  furnaces  and  nine  forges.  In  1742,  copper  works 
were  in  operation.  The  great  staple  export,  however,  was  tobacco.  In  1747, 

5.000  hogsheads  were  exported.  For  many  purposes  tobacco  was  the  currency  of 
the  province,  and  in  certain  years,  the  great  depression  in  the  price  of  this  article 
drew  out  the  specie  of  the  colony  to  meet  the  balance  accruing  in  its  foreign  trade. 
The  government  sought  to  remedy  this  evil  by  an  issue  of  bills  of  credit,  which 
experiment  of  course  proved  unavailing.  In  1732,  tobacco  was  made  a legal  tender 
at  one  penny  per  pound,  and  Indian  corn  at  20  pence  a bushel ; but  the  issue  of 
paper  money  continued,  even  after  this  expedient,  to  supply  the  place  of  a safe 
and  convenient  currency. 

The  boundary  disputes  of  Maryland  with  the  adjoining  provinces  have  become 
somewhat  famous  among  controversies  of  that  kind  among  us ; the  most  celebrated 
was  that  which  concerned  her  northern  and  part  of  her  eastern  frontier,  and  which 
resulted  in  the  establishment  of  “ Mason  and  Dixon’s  Line.”  This  dispute  had  an 
even  date  almost  with  the  original  grant  to  Lord  Baltimore.  His  grant,  it  was 
contended,  covered  all  the  territory  bordering  the  Atlantic  and  Delaware  Bay,  be- 
tween 38°  and  40°  N.  lat.,  including  the  whole  of  the  present  State  of  Delaware 
and  a considerable  strip  of  Pennsylvania  ; but  this  portion  of  his  grant  was  at  the 
time  occupied  by  settlements  of  the  Swedes,  who  were  subsequently  conquered  by 
the  Dutch.  After  the  latter  were  dispossessed,  the  territory  wrested  from  them 

15 


114  BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


No.  107  Baltimore  St. 


AND  GENTS’  THOROUGH 


FURNISHING  EMPORIUM. 

We  keep  constantly  on  hand  a well  selected  Stock  of  French,  English  and 
American  Cloths  and  Cassimeres  ; Vestings  of  every  variety.  Clothing  made 
to  order.  Furnishing  Goods. 

J.  W.  RICHARDSON, 

J.  B.  P.  PHELPS. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


was  conferred  by  a special  grant  from  the  Duke  of  York,  in  1782,  upon  William 
Penn.  A decree  was  obtained  in  1685  by  Penn,  confirming  to  him  the  bounda- 
ries named  in  his  grant ; but  the  Proprietary  of  Maryland  refused  to  submit,  and 
from  this  time  to  1732,  the  dispute  was  the  cause  of  almost  ceaseless  litigation 
between  the  Proprietaries  of  the  two  colonies,  and  of  violence  and  outrage  on  the 
border.  At  length,  in  consequence  of  a decree  in  chancery  in  favor  of  the  heirs  ol 
William  Penn,  granted  in  1750,  commissioners  were  appointed  to  determine  and 
mark  the  line  mentioned  in  the  decree  of  1685.  The  “ scientific  gentlemen”  em- 
ployed in  this  important  service,  probably  the  chief  surveyors,  were  Messrs.  Mason 
and  Dixon,  from  whom  this  celebrated  boundary  received  its  name.  They  began 
at  the  angle  formed  by  the  intersection  of  the  boundary  line  between  Delaware 
and  Maryland  with  that  between  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland,  and  proceeded 
westward  130  miles,  when  their  operations  were  suspended  by  fear  of  hostilities 
from  the  Indians.  At  the  end  of  every  mile  they  set  up  a stone,  with  the  letter 
“ P ” and  the  arms  of  the  Penns  engraved  on  the  north  side,  and  “ M,”  with  the 
escutcheon  of  Lord  Baltimore,  on  the  south.  In  1782-3,  a continuation  was  made 
of  “ Mason  and  Dixon’s  line”  to  its  western  terminus  ; this,  however,  was  looked 
upon  as  a mere  temporary  arrangement,  and  the  controversies  and  recriminations 
continued  ; and  complaints  were  made  to  the  Governor  of  Virginia,  who  appealed 
to  the  Supreme  Executive  Council  of  Pennsylvania  to  come  into  some  arrange- 
ment to  effect  a permanent  and  acknowledged  boundary.  “ For  this  desirable 
purpose,  each  state  selected  the  best  and  most  suitable  men-  within  its  reach,  so 
that  their  work  when  completed  would  merit  and  receive  entire  confidence  in  its 
accuracy.”  The  commissioners  on  the  part  of  Pennsylvania  were  David  Ritten- 
house,  John  Ewing  and  Captain  Hutchins;  those  on  the  part  of  Virginia  were  An- 
drew Ellicott,  Rev.  James  Madison,  Rev.  Robert  Andrews  and  T.  Page.  They 
performed  the  duty  assigned  them  in  the  fall  of  1784.  The  line  having  been  thus 
carried  to  its  western  terminus,  it  only  remained  to  run  a meridian  line  from  that 
point  to  the  Ohio  river  to  close  this  long-protracted  controversy.  This  task  was 
committed  to  Messrs.  Rittenhouse  and  Porter  on  the  part  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
Andrew  Ellicott  and  Joseph  Neville  on  that  of  Virginia.  They  entered  on  their 
work  in  May,  1785,  and  on  the  23d  August  they  had  made  a final  report,  locating 
the  western  boundary  of  Pennsylvania,  as  now  acknowledged,  from  the  south- 
western corner  of  the  state  to  the  Ohio  riter ; for  Virginia  had  no  special  interest 
in  extending  the  line  further  north,  having  finally  relinquished  in  favor  of  the 
general  government  her  claims  to  territory  north  and  west  of  the  Ohio  the  year 
before. 

In  the  contest  which  annihilated  French  dominion  in  America,  Maryland  bore  a 
gallant  part.  Braddock’s  unfortunate  expedition  against  Fort  Duquesne  was  or- 
ganized in  this  province,  and  marched  from  Frederick  in  the  spring  of  1754.  After 
the  defeat  and  death  of  this  general,  a fearful  panic  pervaded  the  frontier  region 
of  all  the  Middle  States,  and  extended  in  Maryland  even  to  the  Bay  Shore.  Num- 
bers of  the  inhabitants  fled  to  Baltimore,  and  even  prepared  to  leave  the  country 
altogether.  From  this  time  until  the  capture  of  Fort  Duquesne  in  1758,  the  west- 
ern part  of  Maryland  was  kept  in  constant  terror,  and  of  course  the  incidents  of  the 
war  fully  occupied  the  attention  of  the  people  and  the  public  authorities.  The  pro- 
gress of  population  during  these  years  of  Indian  warfare  was  necessarily  slow.  The 
inhabitants  in  1761  numbered  164,007,  of  whom  114,332  were  whites,  and  49,675 
slaves,  showing  an  increase  for  five  years  following  1756  of  somewhat  less  than 
10,000.  The  relative  increase  was  but  little  over  half  as  great  as  that  of  the  pre- 
ceding five  years.  The  extension  of  settlements  towards  the  west  was  also  sus- 
pended during  the  war. 

From  the  conclusion  of  the  French  war  until  the  commencement  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, the  history  of  Maryland,  like  that  of  most  of  the  other  colonies,  is  a narrative 
of  usurpations  upon  public  liberty  attempted  by  the  royal  government  and  resisted 


116  BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


WALTER  CROOK,  Jr 

UNTO.  330  BALTIMORE  STREET, 


WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL  DEALER  IN 


TRisxmisras  of  all  kinds, 

FURNITURE  COVERINGS,  &c. 

A5F  French  and  American  Paper  Hangings  in  great  varieties,  and  latest  styles. 


JOHN  H.  HASKELL, 


No.  88  SOUTH  EUTAW  STREET, 


MANUFACTURER  OF 


LEATHER  RIVETED  BAND,  LEATHER  RIVETED  HOSE, 

AND  MANUFACTURER’S  WAREHOUSE. 


H.  WEBB  & SON, 

GROCERS  AND  GENERAL 


COR.  HOWARD  AND  PRATT  STREETS, 

NEAR  BALTIMORE  AND  OHIO  RAILROAD  DEPOT. 


WE  KEEP  CONSTANTLY  ON  HAND  A FULL  SUPPLY  OF 


WHICH  WE  WILL  SELL  AT  THE  LOWEST  MARKET  PRICES. 

Prompt  attention  given  to  the  sale  of  all  Country  Produce  consigned  to  us. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


by  the  people.  In  1765,  the  stamp  act,  and  afterwards  the  tea  tax,  excited  general 
indignation  and  hostility.  The  most  violent  opponents  of  these  measures  took 
the  name  of  “ Sons  of  Liberty.”  As  the  contest  drew  towards  the  issue  which 
had  been  inevitable  from  the  beginning,  the  Proprietary  government  fell,  as  a 
matter  of  course,  giving  place  to  local  and  general  committees  of  safety,  and  to 
conventions  assembled  in  the  name  of  the  people,  to  supply  t»he  want  of  a more 
regular  authority.  The  war,  which  had  been  long  expected,  and  for  which  great 
preparations  were  made,  commenced  with  the  desultory  fight  at  Lexington,  19th 
April,  1775. 

The  Revolution  having  now  fairly  commenced,  elections  were  held  throughout 
the  province  in  August,  1776,  for  delegates  to  a convention  to  frame  a constitution 
and  state  government.  This  body  assembled  August  14th,  and  by  the  10th  Sep- 
tember  a Bill  of  Rights  and  a Constitution  were  reported.  On  the  3d  November 
the  constitution  was  adopted  in  convention,  and  elections  ordered  to  carry  it  into 
effect.  The  system  of  government  established  by  this  first  constitution  of  Mary- 
land was  republican,  and  as  nearly  democratic  as  the  state  of  public  opinion  at 
that  day,  and  the  circumstances  under  which  it  was  adopted,  gave  reason  to  expect. 
It  w'as  divided  into  three  departments — the  executive,  represented  by  a governor 
and  executive  council  of  five  members  ; the  legislative,  consisting  of  a Senate  and 
House  of  Delegates  ; and  the  judicial,  composed  of  the  general  court,  or  court  of 
chancery,  the  court  of  appeals,  and  a court  of  admiralty.  The  right  to  vote  at 
elections  was  limited  by  a property  qualification.  The  House  of  Delegates  was 
to  consist  of  members  chosen  directly  by  the  people  ; but  the  Senate,  composed 
of  fifteen  members,  nine  from  the  Eastern  and  six  from  the  Western  Shore,  was 
to  be  appointed  by  electors  designated  for  that  purpose  by  the  people.  Members 
of  the  first-named  branch  were  required  to  own  property  to  the  amount  of  £500, 
and  senators  were  required  to  be  at  least  twenty -five  years  of  age,  and  be  pos- 
sessed of  property  to  the  value  of  £1,000. 

The  elections  took  place  in  November,  as  provided  for  in  the  constitution,  and 
the  legislature  convened  at  Annapolis  on  the  5th  February,  1777.  The  meeting 
took  place  five  days  earlier  than  appointed  by  the  constitution,  from  the  necessity 
of  raising  additional  troops  to  reinforce  Washington’s  army.  Laws  were  promptly 
passed  providing  for  new  levies  and  the  supplies  needful  to  equip  and  subsist  the 
troops.  On  the  13th  February,  Thomas  Johnson  was  chosen  first  constitutional 
governor  of  Maryland. 

Throughout  the  Revolutionary  War  the  services  of  the  Maryland  troops  were 
marked  by  gallantry  and  efficiency.  In  the  first  considerable  action  after  that  of 
Bunker’s  Hill,  the  “ Maryland  line”  signalized  its  valor,  and  took  a high  position 
among  the  several  corps  of  the  continental  army.  They  were  under  the  command 
of  Col.  Wm.  Smallwood,  who  afterwards  became  a major-general  and  one  of  the 
most  distinguished  officers  whose  achievements  in  the  struggle  illustrate  the 
bravery  of  his  native  state.  In  the  battle  of  Long  Island,  and  in  those  of  Harlem 
Heights,  White  Plains,  and  Fort  Washington,  the  Maryland  regiments  were  con- 
spicuous for  their  courage  and  discipline ; nor  were  they  less  so  in  the  memorable 
actions  at  Trenton  and  Princeton.  With  the  exception  of  actions  in  the  campaign 
against  Burgoyne,  indeed,  there  was  no  prominent  battle  of  the  war,  from  Brook- 
lyn Heights  to  Yorktown,  in  which  the  Marylanders  did  not  take  an  active  and 
honorable  part ; and  under  every  commander — Washington,  La  Fayette,  DbKalb 
and  Greene — they  earned  special  notice  and  applause  for  gallantry  and  good  con- 
duct. The  number  of  troops  furnished  by  Maryland  during  the  war  was  15,229 
regulars,  and  5,407  militia  ; and  the  expenditures  of  the  state  amounted  to 
$7,568,145  in  specie,  a large  portion  of  which  was  raised  by  the  sale  of  confiscated 
British  property  within  the  state. 

In  Maryland,  as  in  most  of  the  other  colonies,  there  existed  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  Revolution  dissensions  among  the  people,  which  impeded  the  pro- 


j 118  ' BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


WHOLESALE  AND  DETAIL  DEALER  IN 


And  Children’s  Fancy  Shoes, 

No.  9 EUTAW  STREET,  OPPOSITE  EUTAW  HOUSE. 


FREELAND,  HALL  & CO. 

GROCERS  & COMMISSION  MERCHANTS, 

No.  143  PRATT  STREET, 

OPPOSITE  THE  MALTBY  HOUSE. 


REMOVAL  AND  ENLARGEMENT. 


SAMUEL  HUNT, 

Valise,  Harness  and  Trunk  Maker, 

No.  202  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

BETWEEN  ST.  PAUL  AND  CHARLES  STS. 

I have  removed  to  the  spacious  Store  No.  202  Baltimore  Street,  between  St. 
Paul  and  Charles  Streets,  but  a short  distance  from  my  former  place  of  business, 
where  I am  extensively  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  TR  AVELING  TRUNKS, 
of  every  description,  of  a superior  quality.  Traveling  Bags,  Ladies’  Hat  Boxes, 
Valises,  &c.,  Saddles,  Bridles,  Harness,  &c.,  of  every  description,  made  of  the 
very  best  materials  and  in  the  most  workmanlike  styles.  Constantly  on  hand  a 
large  Stock  of  Whips,  Spurs,  Drinking  Flasks,  Buckskin  Gauntlets  and  Chamois 
Skins,  Buffalo  Rohes,  Fly  Nets,  &c.  &c.  All  of  which  will  be  sold  on  the  most 
accommodating  terms. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


gress  of  the  patriotic  cause.  A small  minority  of  the  people  still  clung  to  the  sen- 
timents  of  loyalty  to  their  king,  and  affectionate  dependence  on  the  mother  coun- 
try. At  the  beginning  of  the  struggle  there  was  found  to  be  a formidable  party, 
in  the  lower  counties  of  the  Eastern  Shore,  bitterly  opposed  to  all  measures  re- 
sisting the  royal  authority,  and  among  this  class  Lord  Dunmore,  lately  expelled 
from  Virginia,  of  which  he  had  been  governor,  employed  agents  to  organize  seve- 
ral companies  for  the  service  of  the  king.  After  these  attempts  had  been  sup- 
pressed, Dunmore  continued  to  carry  on,  with  the  co-operation  of  the  “ tories”  of 
the  Bay  Shore,  a harassing  system  of  maritime  depredations.  In  order  to  repel 
these  predatory  expeditions,  a small,  but  efficient,  naval  force  was  organized  by 
the  state,  which  rendered  good  service.  In  l1/  81,  a conspiracy  for  raising  a do- 
mestic insurrection  was  detected  and  frustrated  in  Frederick  county,  and  several 
of  the  leaders  were  hanged  in  the  court-house  yard.  The  last  acts  of  a warlike 
nature  which  marked,  in  Maryland,  the  close  of  the  contest,  were  the  outrages  of 
the  tories  and  refugees  upon  the  defenceless  inhabitants  of  the  to\fns  and  settle- 
ments along  the  shores,  after  the  surrender  of  Yorktown.  These  fzee-booters 
were  driven  off,  with  the  aid  of  boats  and  barges  from  the  French  fleet,  still  lying 
at  Norfolk  or  Yorktown.  'On  the  23d  Dec.,  1783,  the  brilliant  drama  of  the 
Revolution  was  closed  by  Washington’s  resignation  of  his  commission.  This 
event  took  place  at  Annapolis,  in  the  presence  of  Congress,  the  state  legislature, 
many  officers  who  had  served  through  the  war,  and  a crowd  of  deeply-interested 
spectators.  The  ceremony  constitutes  a scene  in  our  history,  second  in  solemnity 
and  importance  only  to  the  reading  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 

The  war  being  at  an  end,  the  legislature  of  Maryland  tendered  to  Congress,  in 
case  that  body  should  decide  to  remove  the  seat  of  government  to  Annapolis,  the 
use  of  the  State-House,  the  Public  Square,  the  Governor’s  house  as  a residence 
for  the  president  of  that  body ; thirteen  dwelling-houses,  corresponding  with  the 
number  of  the  states,  for  the  accommodation  of  the  delegates,  and  a full  jurisdic- 
tion over  the  city  and  people  of  Annapolis.  Congress  accepted  the  invitation  to 
repair  to  Annapolis,  and  adjourned  thither  from  Princeton,  but  declined  to  locate 
the  capital  of  the  Confederacy  at  that  place.  This  question  was  finally  arranged 
in  1790,  after  the  adoption  of  the  present  constitution,  when  Messrs.  Johnson, 
Stewart  and  Carroll,  were  appointed  commissioners  to  lay  out  the  portion  of  the 
Federal  district  ceded  by  Maryland. 

On  the  return  of  peace,  public  attention  was  directed  towards  the  means  of  ren- 
dering available  for  use  the  vast  natural  resources  of  the  state,  and  in  particular 
towards  the  opening  of  a cheap,  easy,  and  expeditious  route  of  travel  between 
the  Atlantic  and  the  rapidly-spreading  settlements  of  the  west.  To  attain  this 
object  a meeting  of  commissioners,  appointed  by  Maryland  and  Virginia,  was 
held  in  1789  at  Annapolis.  The  measures  suggested  on  this  occasion  were  prac- 
tical, and  well-suited  to  the  object.  It  was  proposed  that  the  two  states  should 
unite  their  efforts  to  render  the  Potomac  river  navigable,  by  means  of  locks  and 
dams,  and  that,  to  connect  its  head  waters  with  those  of  the  Ohio,  a road  should 
be  constructed  some  forty  miles  in  length.  On  the  recommendations  of  the  dele- 
gates a company  was  chartered,  called  the  Potomac  Company,  and  Gen.  Wash- 
ington became  its  first  President.  Something  was  done  to  carry  the  designs  into 
effect,  but  its  complete  accomplishment  was  reserved  for  a period  when  the  popu- 
lation and  capital  of  the  country  were  more  commensurate  with  the  magnitude 
of  the  enterprise. 

It  had  now  become  necessary  to  conform  the  regulation  of  church  affairs  in  the 
United  States  to  their  altered  condition.  The  Roman  Catholics  of  Maryland  had 
been  under  the  jurisdiction  of  a Vicar,  appointed  by  the  bishop  of  the  Roman  church 
in  London  ; but  in  pursuance  of  a request  of  the  clergy  of  the  state,  in  1787  the 
Rev.  John  Carroll  became,  by  appointment  from  Rome,  spiritual  superior.  In 
1/90  he  was  appointed  bishop  of  the  whole  United  States,^  the  diocese  of 


120 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


EDWD.  C.  THOMAS,  SR.  SAMUEL  W.  THOMAS.  EDWD.  C.  THOMAS,  JR. 

HERMETICALLY  SEALED 

OYSTER  & FRUIT  ESTABLISHMENT. 


A WO 


pleats 


OF  ALL  KINDS,  POSSESSING  ALL  THE  QUALITIES  OF  THE  ARTICLES  IN  THEIR 
. FRESH  OR  JNT^TTTHt^nL  STATE. 

ALSO  PRESERVES,  PICKLES,  JELLIES,  CATSUPS,  &c.  &c. 

PREPARED  IN  SUPERIOR  STYLE  BY 

E.  C.  THOMAS  & SONS, 

No.  452  WEST  BALTIMORE  STREET. 


6>  jQ 


B.  F.  STARR  & CO. 

No.  398  PRATT  STREET, 

NEAR  BALTIMORE  AND  OHIO  R.  R.  STATION, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  FRENCH  BURRS 


IMPORTERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 


IE  3©  Ha 


IS 


BOXjTHsTO  CLOTHS, 

Calcined  Plaster  and  Mill  Irons,  of  warranted  quality.  Also 
Cologne,  Cocalico,  and  Esopus  Mill  Stones  of  all  sizes. 

JOHN  D.  HAMMOND, 

Harness  & Trunk 

MANUFACTURER, 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL, 

KTo.  355  BiLljTIMIOIlE  STREET, 

(opposite  the  eutaw  house,) 

Manufactures  and  keeps  constantly  on  hand  every  description  of  HARNESS, 
TllUNKS,  VALISES,  CARPET  BAGS,  COLLARS,  and  every  other  article  in 
his  line.  All  orders  executed  with  neatness  and  dispatch. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


which  Baltimore  was  the  centre  was  the  only  one  then  existing.  In  1810,  on  the 
division  of  his  see  into  several  bishoprics,  he  was  made  an  archbishop.  The  re- 
organization of  the  other  religious  bodies  is  not  so  peculiarly  connected  with  the 
history  of  Maryland  as  that  of  the  Roman  Catholic  denomination,  and  is  therefore 
passed  over  in  this  connection. 

The  Federal  Constitution  was  readily  and  heartily  adopted  by  Maryland.  The 
Convention  that  accepted  it  on  the  part  of  the  state,  met  on  the  21st  April,  1788, 
and  adjourned  on  the  28th,  having  agreed  to  the  instrument,  without  reservation 
or  amendment,  by  a vote  of  63  to  11. 

From  this  period  to  the  war  of  1812,  the  history  of  Maryland  presents  nothing 
calling  for  special  notice.  During  that  war  Admiral  Cockburn,  commanding  the 
British  naval  forces,  committed  on  the  shores  of  Chesapeake  Bay  a series  of  wan- 
ton outrages  against  the  property  and  persons  of  the  citizens.  In  the  spring  of 
1813  the  villages  of  Frenchtown,  Havre  de  Grace,  Fredericktown  and  George- 
town, were  plundered  and  burnt  by  his  orders,  and  in  August,  1814,  occurred  the 
expedition  of  General  Ross  against  the  city  of  Washington.  Cockburn,  since  the 
opening  of  the  preceding  year,  had  been  cruizing  about  the  bay  and  the  mouth  of 
the  Potomac,  with  four  ships  of  the  line  and  six  frigates ; in  the  course  of  the 
summer  he  was  largely  reinforced,  and  in  August  a landing  was  effected  at  Bene- 
dict, on  the  Patuxent,  some  thirty-five  miles  south-east  of  Washington.  The  land 
force  was  under  the  command  of  General  Ross,  and  was  5,000  strong.  It  pro- 
ceeded towards  Washington;  the  militia  of  Maryland  and  of  the  District  assem- 
bled under  General  Winder,  to  oppose  their  march  ; but  the  Americans  were  in 
no  condition  to  resist  their  numerous  and  well-disciplined  enemies.  The  army 
retired  to  Bladensburg,  and  wras  reinforced  by  Gen.  Stansbury,  with  2,100  Mary- 
land troops,  including  the  sailors  and  marines  of  Commodore  Barney.  At  this 
point  it  was  resolved  to  risk  an  action  in  defence  of  the  national  capital.  The  re- 
sult of  the  conflict  that  ensued  was  not  fortunate  to  the  American  arms.  The 
British  gained  a complete  victory,  though  at  a cost  of  life  much  greater  than  the 
loss  sustained  by  the  Americans.  The  victors  marched  on  to  Washington,  oc- 
cupied the  city  as  long  as  they  thought  advisable,  and  then  returned  to  their  ship- 
ping at  Benedict.  They,  however,  sullied  the  laurels  which  their  daring  and  suc- 
cessful expedition  might  have  gained  for  them,  by  an  act  of  Vandalic  barbarism,  to 
which  the  annals  of  modern  warfare  among  civilized  nations  hardly  furnishes  a paral- 
lel. While  in  secure  possession  of  the  seat  of  government,  they  burnt  and  destroyed 
the  Capitol,  the  President’s  house,  the  offices  of  the  Treasury,  War  and  Navy,  all 
the  national  records  accessible  to  them,  the  public  library,  and  other  property 
belonging  to  the  public  and  individuals.  Their  loss  in  this  expedition  is  said  to 
have  been  four  hundred  in  killed  and  wounded,  and  five  hundred  prisoners.  At 
nearly  the  same  time  Alexandria  was  occupied  and  plundered,  or  laid  under  trib- 
ute. The  remaining  principal  incidents  of  the  war  particularly  belonging  to  the 
history  of  Maryland,  are  the  battle  of  North  Point  and  the  defence  of  Baltimore. 
The  British  forces  engaged  at  North  Point  numbered  5,000,  and  were  under  Gen. 
Ross.  He  was  killed  in  a skirmish  between  parties  of  the  advance,  immediately 
before  the  battle.  The  Americans  were  commanded  by  Gen.  Striker,  who  had 
under  his  command  3,200  men.  The  result  of  the  engagement  was  unfavorable 
to  the  invaders,  though  the  American  general  judged  it  prudent  to  retire  towards 
Baltimore.  The  British  lost  about  400  men,  and  the  Americans  about  half  that 
number.  The  battle  of  North  Point  was  fought  13th  September,  1814.  On  the 
evening  of  next  day  the  enemy  commenced  a bombardment  of  Fort  McHenry,  the 
work  chiefly  relied  upon  for  the  defence  of  the  city.  The  attack  was  gallantly 
repelled,  and  the  failure  of  the  operations  during  the  night,  which  were  conducted 
by  land  and  water,  was  so  complete  that  a day  or  two  after  the  land  forces  were 
taken  on  board  the  shipping,  and  all  attempts  against  Baltimore  were  finally 

16 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


122 

THOMAS  PLACK, 

CONTINUES  THE  RECTIFYING  AND  DISTILLING  OF 

Brandies,  Gin  and  Cordials, 

A.1STTD  A.  XjX.  IMPORTED  LIQUORS, 

AT  THE  OLD  STAND, 

CORNER  OF  BOWLY  AND  GILFORD  STREETS. 

ROBINSON, 

IMPORTER  AND  WHOLESALE  DEALER  IN 

mm, 

SEGARS,  <&  o . 

3NTo.  33  SOUTH  STREET. 


WM.  M.  STAKE.  6.  D.  TEWKSBURY. 

WESLEY  STARR  & SONS, 

GENERAL  COMMISSION  MERCHANTS, 

For  the  Sale  of  Leaf  Tobacco , Flour , Provisions , Western  Produce , &c. 

Nos.  85  and  87  SOUTH  CHARLES  STREET, 

Between  Pratt  and  Camden  Streets,  near  tlie  Tobacco  Inspection  Warehouses. 

^"LIBERAL  ADVANCES  MADE  ON  CONSIGNMENTS.^ 

LEVI  C3rOX_.I33E3WAEIE3rL<0-, 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL  DEALER  IN 

EMBROIDERIES.  LACES  RIBBONS.  ARTIFICIAL  FLOWERS, 

WITH  A GENERAL  ASSORTMENT  OF 

HVnirlS-  GOLDENBERG, 

nm  mmkmjbile  mummy, 

No.  67  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

SHOW  ROOM  UP  STAIRS. 

Country  Merchants  and  Milliners  supplied  with  the  latest  Fashionable  patterns  on  the  most  reasonable  terms. 

TTESIVrLISr  P.  VS IT, 

Saddle  and  Harness  laker. 

No.  131  PENNSYLVANIA  AVENUE, 

HOOKSTOWN  ROAD. 

TRUNKS,  TRAVELING  BAGS,  VALISES,  ETC.  GIVE  US  A CALL. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


abandoned.  On  the  16th  of  the  month  the  hostile  fleet  was  seen  standing  down 

the  bay. 

Among  other  objects  of  importance,  which  occupied  the  attention  of  the  legis- 
lature, was  the  establishment  of  a general  and  efficient  system  of  public  educa- 
tion. A fund  was  provided  by  an  act  of  1812,  derived  from  bonuses  upon  bank 
charters,  yielding  $20,000  annually,  to  be  divided  among  the  counties,  and  to  be 
applied  to  educational  purposes.  In  1825  the  system  was  permanently  arranged, 
with  great  and  judicious  minuteness  of  detail.  When  the  surplus  revenue  was 
distributed  among  the  states,  after  the  payment  of  the  public  debt,  Maryland  ap- 
propriated $600,000  of  the  amount  received  by  her,  for  the  benefit  of  the  schools  ; 
the  interest  of  which,  with  the  former  funds  and  new  contributions  from  the 
banks,  increased  the  annual  amount  disbursed  by  the  state  treasury  for  school 
purposes,  to  $65,631.  The  good  effects  of  the  system  thus  established  are  every- 
where perceptible,  in  the  improving  intelligence  of  the  people. 

The  extraordinary  abundance  of  useful  minerals  in  Maryland,  continually 
urged  upon  the  attention  of  her  citizens  the  necessity  of  some  more  efficient  plan  for 
the  prosecution  of  works  of  public  improvement  than  had  hitherto  been  adopted  : 
easy  and  rapid  communication  from  the  seaboard  to  the  coal  mines  in  the  moun- 
tains, and  the  vast  deposits  of  iron  ore  in  various  parts  of  the  state,  was  found  to 
be  indispensable  to  its  prosperity.  It  had  long  become  apparent  that  the  method 
of  rendering  the  Potomac  river  navigable,  proposed  by  the  Potomac  company, 
was  impracticable,  or,  at  least,  quite  inadequate  to  the  greatness  of  the  object 
contemplated.  It  necessarily,  therefore,  gave  place  to  a much  greater  and  more 
expensive  work.  A design  was  formed  for  the  construction  of  a canal  through 
the  valley  of  the  Potomac  to  its  head,  and  thence  to  the  Ohio  river  ; and  it  w'as 
proposed  that  the  Potomac  company  should  transfer  its  powers  and  privileges  to  a 
new  corporation,  to  be  formed,  for  the  execution  of  the  more  enlarged  schemes. 
The  legislature  of  Maryland  approved  of  the  design,  and  a convention  was  called 
at  Washington  city,  to  consist  of  delegates  representing  the  counties  most  inter- 
ested of  Pennsylvania,  Virginia  and  Maryland.  It  assembled  6th  November, 

1823,  and  was  attended  by  representatives  from  all  the  above  states,  and  from 
the  cities  of  the  District.  It  was  determined  at  this  convention  that  the  best 
mode  of  effecting  the  objects  in  view,  was  to  form  a company  for  the  construction 
of  a canal  from  tide- water  to  the  coal  mines  on  the  east  side  of  the  Alleghanies, 
and  from  that  point,  as  soon  as  practicable,  to  the  navigable  waters  of  the  Mo- 
nongahela  river,  on  the  opposite*  side  of  the  mountains.  As  it  was  expected  that 
this  great  work  would  be  carried  through  by  the  combined  exertions  of  the  Gene- 
ral Government,  Maryland,  Pennsylvania,  and  Virginia,  the  name  of  “ Union 
Canal”  was  suggested  for  it ; but  it  finally  received  the  designation  it  now  bears, 
namely,  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal.  Virginia  passed  an  act  27th  January, 

1824,  incorporating  the  company  by  which  the  work  was  to  be  accomplished ; 
which  was  confirmed  by  Congress  and  the  states  of  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania. 
Maryland  claimed  the  privilege  of  constructing  a lateral  canal  from  the  termin- 
ation of  the  main  line  through  the  District  to  Baltimore,  which  was  conceded  to 
her.  Another  convention  took  place  at  Washington,  at  which  the  charter,  pro- 
vided in  the  act  of  incorporation,  was  accepted.  The  required  amount  of  stock 
having  been  subscribed,  the  company  was  organized  in  June,  1828.  The  general 
government  subscribed  for  10,000  shares  of  stock,  the  District  cities  for  15,000, 
the  state  of  Virginia  for  770,  making,  with  the  individual  subscriptions,  36,089 
shares,  representing  a capital  of  $3,608,900.  The  estimate  of  the  expense  of 
making  a canal  from  Washington  to  Cumberland,  forty  feet  wide  at  top,  twenty- 
eight  feet  at  bottom,  and  four  feet  deep,  was  $4,000,000.  Before  the  commence- 
ment of  actual  operations  these  dimensions  were  increased  to  six  feet  in  depth, 
and  in  width  between  50  and  60  feet. 

In  1827  measures  were  taken  to  secure  the  building  of  a rail-road  from  Balti- 


124 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


JOHN  & JOSEPH  WALKER, 


9 


DEALERS  I UNT 


PROMTS,  (DDL©,  WDMTOW  ©L^§®s 
DYE-STUFFS,  PERFUMERY,  &c. 

No.  41  SOUTH  CHARLES  STREET,  NEAR  LOMBARD 


WM,  THOS.  VALIANT, 

IMPORTER  AND  DEALER  IN 

* , mm  & wmmm, 

^-FLITJ^JSnSTTJ^  WARE,  CASTERS, 
TABLE  CUTLERY,  &c. 

No.  2 22  ( it e ) PRATT  STREET, 

BETWEEN  CHARLES  AND  HANOVER  STS. 

STONE  & EARTHEN  WARE  AT  FACTORY  PRICES. 

WESLEY  B.  TARR  & GO. 

No.  99  Baltimore  Street, 


AND  AGENTS  FOR  THE  SALE  OF  HOUSES,  FARMS,  GROUND  RENTS,  ETC. 


JOHN  NEIS? 

LADIES,  GENTLEMENS  AND  CHILDREN’S 

m BOOT  & SHOE  MAKER, 

No.  85  PENNSYLVANIA  AVENUE, 


J53T  All  Orders  will  be  executed  with  promptness,  durability  and  in  the  most 
fashionable  style.  Also  a large  Stock  of  Boots  and  Shoes  constantly  on  hand. 


GEORGE  WHITEHOUSE, 

3STO_  239  FEiTSTOSrs'Z'X.VAi.JSrx^  -A.-VElIIXrCTE, 

MANUFACTURER  OF  ALL  KINDS  OF 

DOUBLE  & SINGLE  TRACE  CHAINS, 

Butt  Chains,  Tongue  Chains,  Fifth  Chains,  and  all  kinds  of  Breeehing  Chains  and 
Tug  Chains.  All  kinds  of  Side  Strap  Irons  and  Pad  Plate  Irons ; Rings,  Hooks 
and  Squares;  Buckles,  Loops,  &c.,  wholesale  and  retail.  All  kinds  of 
OIHLAJCIsrS  FOB  3NTEW  W^G-03STS_ 

Western  and  Southern  Merchants  should  give  me  a call,  as  I will  make  Chains,  Plates, 
Side  Strap  Irons,  &c.,  to  order,  as  good  as  they  can  be  bought  any  where  in  the  United  States. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


more  to  Cumberland,  as  a means  of  preventing  a diversion  of  trade  by  the  canal 
to  the  cities  of  the  District.  The  state  favored  this  project,  and  subscribed  for 
5,000  shares  of  its  stock,  and  the  enterprise  was  begun.  There  was  a long  legal 
contest  between  the  rail-road  and  canal  companies,  as  to  the  right  of  each  to  the 
track  along  the  Potomac,  which  impeded  the  progress  of  the  two  works,  but  was 
settled,  at  length,  by  a compromise.  Many  other  improvements  were  now  projected. 
Rail-roads  were  undertaken  from  Baltimore  to  York,  Pa.,  (Baltimore  and  Susque- 
hanna Rail-road,  57  miles  in  length  ;)  from  Baltimore  to  Washington,  (Washing- 
ton Branch  Rail-road,  40  miles  in  length,)  with  a lateral  branch  to  Annapolis  ; 
(Annapolis  and  Elkridge  Rail-road,  21  miles  in  length ;)  and  many  others  of  a 
less  practical  character,  were  proposed  and  discussed.  Some  of  them  received 
the  patronage  of  the  state,  and  hence  a large  public  debt  was  rapidly  accumulated. 
By  the  time  the  great  canal  had  been  completed  to  Harper’s  Ferry,  the  means 
which  had  been  provided  at  its  commencement  failed,  and  from  the  refusal  of  the 
Federal  Government  and  of  Virginia  to  extend  further  aid  to  the  work,  it  became 
evident  that  the  whole  burden  of  its  completion  would  devolve  upon  Maryland. 
Not  appalled  by  these  difficulties  the  task  was  assumed  by  the  latter  state,  and  a 
convention  was  called  to  meet  at  Baltimore,  in  December,  1834.  At  this  meeting 
a memorial  was  adopted,  requesting  the  legislature  to  advance  $2,000,000  for 
finishing  the  canal,  and  $1,000,000  for  the  Baltimore  and  Susquehanna  Rail-road. 
The  legislature  complied,  and  $3,000,000  six  per  cent,  bonds  were  directed  to  be 
issued,  the  tolls  of  the  works  being  pledged  for  the  interest.  Still  the  means 
were  inadequate,  and  the  legislature  was  again  appealed  to  in  1835.  Again  the 
credit  of  the  state  was  extended  to  works  believed  to  be  essential  to  the  general 
prosperity,  and  a bill  was  passed  authorizing  the  issue  of  bonds  to  the  amount  of 
$8,000,000  ; of  this  immense  sum  $3,000,000  were  to  be  applied  to  the  Chesa- 
peake and  Ohio  Canal,  $3,000,000  to  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Rail-road,  $500,000 
to  the  Cross-Cut  Canal,  from  the  Potomac  at  Washington,  to  Baltimore ; $500,000 
to  the  Annapolis  and  Potomac  Canal,  and  $1,000,000  to  the  Eastern  Shore 
Rail-road.  The  act  required  that  the  bonds  should  be  sold  at  a premium  of  20 
per  centum,  the  amount  of  which  should  be  invested  as  a sinking  fund  for  the 
redemption  of  the  principal.  They  could  not  be  sold  at  this  rate,  and  the  portion 
applicable  to  the  completion  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal,  and  the  Balti- 
more and  Ohio  Rail-road,  was  transferred  to  those  companies.  The  bonds  which 
were  thus  issued  to  the  Canal  company,  were  afterwards  exchanged  by  the  state 
for  $3,200,000  in  5 per  centum  sterling  bonds.  In  1838,  a further  subscription  of 
$1,375,000,  in  5 per  centum  bonds,  was  authorized.  The  proceeds  of  this  loan 
were  exhausted  without  completing  the  work,  and  the  legislature  refused  further 
subscriptions,  its  interest  in  the  canal  having  now  been  increased  to  the  sum  of 
$7,197,000,  and  the  total  debt  in  1839  had  reached  the  startling  sum  of 
$16,050,000;  of  which  $3,200,000  remained  in  the  possession  of  the  Rail-road 
company,  undisposed  of.  The  immense  responsibilities  thus  undertaken  by  the 
state  caused  no  general  alarm,  so  long  as  the  several  companies  were  in  a condi- 
tion to  meet  the  demands  upon  them  for  interest ; but  in  1840  the  Canal  com- 
pany, and  several  others  less  heavily  indebted,  announced  their  inability  to  pay, 
and  thence  commenced  the  direct  liability  of  the  state  for  an  annual  amount  far 
greater  than  the  whole  of  her  ordinary  revenues.  The  deficit,  1st  December, 
1840,  was  $556,387.  No  provision  for  the  payment  of  the  interest  was  made  at 
the  following  regular  session  of  the  legislature : various  schemes,  however,  were 
suggested  for  relief  in  the  premises,  one  of  which  was  the  sequestration  of  the 
school  fund  to  the  payment  of  the  interest,  but  nothing  was  determined.  Direct 
taxation  was  admitted  to  be  the  only  reliable  resource ; and  at  an  extra  session 
in  1841  a bill  was  passed  imposing  a tax  of  20  cents  on  each  $100  of  property  as- 
sessed, which  rate  was  afterwards  increased  to  25  cents,  and  the  State  Treasurer 
was  directed  to  borrow  $500,000  to  meet  the  interest  accruing  before  the  collec- 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


126 

I.  SIMON’S  HOTEL, 

FAYETTE  STREET, 

NEAR  THE  HOLLIDAY  STREET  THEATRE. 

M.  SIMON',  Proprietor. 


WM.  S.  & JAS.  CROWLEY, 


AND  STATIONERS, 

No.  1 -4L&  Baltimore  Street, 


WHERE  MAY  BE  HAD  EVERY  THING  IN  THE  BOOK  LINE. 

J5T  Country  Merchants  supplied  on  very  liberal  terms.  Special  attention 
given  to  Cheap  Publications  and  Magazines. 

GEO.  P.  GOVER.  GEO.  S.  REESE.  JOHN  HONEYWELL.  ISAAC  EVANS,  JR. 

GOVEE,  EEESE  & CO. 

03  S31  OS. 

Stock  Exchange  and  Note  Brokers, 

208  BALTIMORE  STREET. 

^MEASURER  OF  BUILDINGS.^ f 


1ATHAN  T.  BTJSHANE, 


RESIDENCE,  No.  90  ROSS  STREET, 


BOX  76  MECHANICS5  EXCHANGE. 

J&3T  Attends  promptly  to  orders  for  Measuring  Carpenters’  Work,  Brick 
Work,  Plastering  and  Stone  Masonry,  Arbitrates  Losses  by  Eire,  and  disputed 
Accounts.  Makes  estimates  and  attends  to  all  matters  connected  with  Build- 
ing operations. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


tions  under  the  law  could  be  made.  This  law  created  much  discontent,  especially 
in  counties  not  directly  interested  in  the  works  on  which  so  much  money  had 
been  expended  ; and  for  the  years  subsequent  the  financial  condition  of  the  state 
was  in  a most  deplorable  condition.  At  length,  however,  public  sentiment  for  the 
credit  of  the  state  was  fully  aroused,  and  became  unanimous  that  effectual  exer- 
tions must  be  made  to  sustain  the  public  faith.  The  legislature  that  assembled  in 
December,  1844,  resolved  to  take  all  needful  measures  to  this  end;  not  only 
were  means  taken  to  meet  the  interest  on  the  debt,  but  the  liens  of  the  state  upon 
the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal  were  released,  so  far  as  to  enable  that  company 
to  borrow  $1,700,000  still  required  for  its  completion.  After  a series  of  difficult 
negotiations  the  money  was  raised,  and  the  canal  has  now  been  brought  to  a com- 
pletion. The  rail-road  had  been  previously  carried  forward  as  far  as  Cumberland, 
and  energetic  measures  are  now  being  applied  for  carrying  it  forward  to  its  ter- 
minus on  the  Ohio  river,  which  will  probably  be  effected  early  in  1853.  The 
measures  adopted  at  the  session  of  1844-45  gradually  commended  themselves  to 
public  favor.  The  counties  which  had  fallen  into  arrears  hastened  to  pay  them 
into  the  treasury ; and  every  year  the  receipts  were  more  than  sufficient  to  pay 
the  current  expenses  ; at  length  all  arrears  due  to  creditors  were  funded,  and  on 
the  1st  January,  1848,  after  seven  years’  suspension  of  the  full  discharge  of  its 
obligations,  though  at  all  times  recognizing  their  validity,  the  state  resumed  the 
payment  on  its  whole  debt. 

From  the  earliest  period  the  condition  of  the  African  race  in  Maryland  had 
attracted  much  attention.  By  gradations  which  there  are  now  no  means  of  tra- 
cing, this  class  of  the  population  had  attained,  in  1790,  the  number  of  111.079,  of 
which  8,043  were  free,  and  103,036  were  slaves.  The  tendency  of  public  opinion  in 
this  state,  for  many  years  subsequent  to  the  commencement  of  the  Revolution, 
seemed  favorable  to  emancipation,  and  its  effect  was  perceived  in  the  gradual  in- 
crease of  free  blacks.  It  was  shown  by  the  census  of  1800  that  the  free  colored 
had  gained  11,544  during  the  preceding  ten  years,  equal  to  143  per  centum, 
while  the  slaves  had  increased  only  2,599,  or  about  2J  per  centum.  The  decen- 
nial census  from  this  period  exhibited  an  equally  remarkable  increase  of  free  ne- 
groes and  decrease  of  slaves,  so  that  from  1790  to  1850  the  free  negroes  had  in 
creased  821  per  centum,  and  the  slaves  had  decreased  more  than  12  per  centum. 
The  decennial  movement  is  shown  elsewhere.  But  during  the  first  twenty  years 
of  this  period  there  had  been  a small  increase  of  slaves,  so  that  for  the  next  thirty 
years  to  1840,  the  falling  off  had  been  21,765,  or  about  19  per  centum ; which 
decrease,  if  sustained,  would  have  extirpated  slavery  in  Maryland  in  a very  short 
time ; but  owing  to  various  circumstances  in  the  history  of  the  times,  the  policy 
of  emancipation,  without  a provision  for  the  removal  of  the  persons  whose  condition 
was  affected  by  it,  began  to  be  looked  upon  with  disfavor,  and  a provision  was 
inserted  in  the  Constitution  of  1836,  declaring  “That  the  relation  of  master  and 
slave,  in  this  state,  shall  not  be  abolished,  unless  a bill  for  that  purpose  shall  be 
passed  by  a unanimous  vote  of  both  branches  of  the  General  Assembly,  be  pub- 
lished three  months  before  a new  election,  and  be  unanimously  confirmed  by  a 
succeeding  legislature.”  Thus  was  checked  effectually  the  disposition  to  public 
emancipation ; but  individuals  continued  to  exercise  it,  and  the  prevalence  of  this 
desire  to  confer  freedom  upon  slaves  gave  occasion  to  the  institution  of  the 
American  Colonization  Society,  about  the  year  1819 ; a branch  of  the  association 
was  established  in  Maryland,  but  in  order  to  obviate  certain  features  in  the  organ- 
ization and  proceedings  of  the  General  Society,  not  acceptable  to  the  friends  of 
colonization  in  this  state,  it  was  determined  to  establish  an  independent  colony  in 
Africa  for  the  blacks  of  Maryland.  The  legislature  extended  its  fostering  care  to 
the  enterprise,  and  an  annual  appropriation  of  $20,000  was  allowed  to  the  Society, 
which  is  yet  continued.  The  Maryland  colony  has  flourished,  having  now  a con- 
siderable trade,  and  being  visited,  at  stated  periods,  by  regular  packets  from 
Baltimore. 


128 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


WILLIAM  BROWN. 


WM.  B.  L ARMOUR. 


WM.  SHOWN  Sc  CO. 

IMPORTERS,  MANUFACTURERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 

Watches,  Silver  and  Plated  Wares, 

FINE  JEWELRY,  FANCY  GOODS,  &c. 

27  6 BALTIMORE  STREET, 

CLOCKS  AND  WATCHES  REPAIRED  AND  WARRANTED. 

SLOAN  & CAL  WELL, 


IMPORTERS  AND  WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN 


moQiisa*  mm»  m 


dks  C5  „ 

Nos.  17  and  19  CHE  APSIDE. 

ALEXANDER  BUTCHER, 

/r3  *5$?  ^ ‘JP  ‘Xt? 


KTo-  leo  B^LTXnVE  ORE  STREET. 


WATER  ICES,  CHARLOTTE  RUSSE,  JELLIES,  BLANC  MANGE, 


CABLES,  c £50. 

WITH  PUNCTUALITY  AND  AT  THE  SHORTEST  NOTICE. 

ALWAYS  ON  HAND  A VARIETY  OF  FRENCH  AND  OTHER 


JEST  My  Saloon  is  open  for  tlie  purpose  of  supplying  Tea,  Coffee,  Chocolate, 
Steaks,  Oysters,  &c.,  &c.,  for  Ladies  and  Gentlemen. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


Immediately  upon  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  a contest,  which  had 
laid  dormant  under  the  pressure  of  that  absorbing  struggle,  arose  in  Maryland, 
over  the  anti-popular  provisions  in  the  constitution.  The  popular  party  desired 
universal  suffrage,  and  resolutely  set  about  attaining  the  object  of  their  wishes. 
After  several  years  of  discussion  and  contention  between  the  people  and  those 
who  doubted  their  capacity  to  exercise  wisely  the  franchise  they  sought,  the 
House  of  Delegates,  in  1800,  passed  a bill,  extending  the  right  to  vote  to  every 
free  white  male  citizen  of  twenty-one  years  of  age,  who  had  been  two  years  a 
resident  of  the  state,  and  six  months  in  the  county,  dispensing  entirely  with  the 
property  qualification.  The  Senate  insisted  upon  amendments  to  this  bill,  which 
defeated  the  object  of  it.  But  at  the  next  session  the  House  repassed  the  bill, 
with  a hint  at  the  necessity  of  reforming  the  Senate  itself,  so  significant,  that  that 
body  took  up  the  bill  from  the  lower  house,  and  passed  it  without  material 
amendment  the  day  after  its  reception.  In  1809  the  property  qualification  for 
holders  of  office  was  also  abolished.  These  acts  of  the  legislature  were  approved 
at  subsequent  sessions,  in  the  manner  required  by  the  existing  constitution  ; but 
the  work  of  reform  was  still  considered  incomplete.  The  Senate  was  not  elected 
by  the  people,  but  appointed  by  electors  chosen  by  them.  The  Governor  and 
Council  were  elected  by  the  legislature. 

The  Senate  also  had  the  power  of  filling  vacancies,  under  certain  circumstances, 
in  its  own  body.  But  all  efforts  at  procuring  reform  in  these  particulars  failed, 
though  an  animated  struggle  was  kept  up  from  the  close  of  the  war  of  1812  to 
1836.  At  length,  in  the  latter  year,  a convention  of  reformers  was  held  at  Balti- 
more, at  which  it  was  resolved,  that  if  the  legislature  continued  to  refuse  the  re- 
forms which  were  believed  to  be  necessary,  the  agency  of  that  body  ought  to  be 
dispensed  with  ; and  it  would  be  the  duty  of  the  people  to  remodel  the  constitu- 
tion by  their  own  action,  independently  of  its  authority.  The  chief  obstacle  in 
the  way  of  reform  had  been  the  Senate.  Its  term  was  now  about  to  expire,  and 
the  election  which  took  place  for  the  choice  of  electors  to  form  a new  one,  in  the 
mode  prescribed  by  the  then  existing  constitution,  resulted  in  the  success  of  a 
majority  of  electors  favorable  to  reform.  After  a very  bitter  contest  between 
the  whig  and  democratic  divisions  of  the  electors,  during  which  the  state  seemed 
convulsed  almost  to  the  point  of  civil  war,  a Senate  was  chosen  of  a complexion 
which  insured  a compliance  with  the  demands  of  the  most  decided  advocates  of 
reform.  The  legislature  entered  upon  the  work  of  remodeling  the  constitution 
of  the  state,  immediately  upon  their  assembling.  The  governor  was  made  eli- 
gible by  the  people ; his  official  term  was  fixed  at  three  years,  and  he  was  re- 
quired to  be  taken  alternately  from  each  of  the  three  districts  into  which  the  state 
was  divided.  The  Executive  Council  was  abolished,  and  the  office  of  Secretary 
of  State  was  created,  as  a depository  of  part  of  the  duties  formerly  lodged  with 
it.  The  Senate  was  reorganized  on  the  basis  proposed  at  near  the  beginning  of 
the  contest  on  the  subject,  as  far  back  as  1807  ; that  is,  one  member  was  assigned  to 
each  county,  and  one  to  Baltimore  city,  to  be  elected  immediately  by  the  people, 
and  the  term  of  its  members  was  extended  to  six  years. 

The  first  election  under  the  new  constitution  was  held  in  October,  1838.  The 
same  method  of  arranging  the  terms  of  senators  was  adopted  as  obtains  in  respect 
to  members  of  the  United  States’  Senate.  The  senators  first  elected  were  to  be 
divided  into  classes,  who  were  to  serve,  respectively,  two,  four,  and  six  years. 
At  the  expiration  of  the  two  initial  fractional  terms,  a full  term  of  six  years  was 
to  begin,  so  that  the  seats  of  one-third  of  the  senators  would  be  vacated  each  two 
years,  and  their  places  would  be  supplied  by  new  elections.  The  House  of  Dele- 
gates was  also  reorganized.  Eive  members  each  were  allotted  to  Frederick  and 
Baltimore  counties  and  Baltimore  city  ; four  to  each  of  nine  other  counties  ; three 
to  each  of  the  remaining  counties  ; and  one  to  Annapolis. 

But  this  was  not  a permanent  arrangement ; for  after  the  results  of  the  census 

17 


130 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


MANUFACTURERS’  AND  DYERS’  WAREHOUSE. 


J a JBJLH  JS-^L  9 

Wo.  36  SOTTTIH  CHARLES  ST 


MANUFACTURER  OF 


IMPORTER  AND  DEALER  IN 


Cljemtails,  & 


Oil  Vitriol, 
Aqua  Fortis, 
Muriatic  Acid, 
Alum, 
Copperas, 

Blue  Vitriol, 
Bichro  Potash, 
Prussiate  do. 


Cochineal, 

Lac  Dye, 
Bengal  Indigo, 
Cream  Tartar, 
Sugar  of  Lead, 
Sal  Soda, 

Soda  Ash, 

Bed  Tartar, 


Terra  Japonic  a, 
Catechu, 

Extract  Logwood, 
Bleaching  Powders, 
Verdigris, 

Emery,  Glue, 
Madder, 

Nutgalls,  &c. 


SISSON  & BAIRD, 

AM  MAftBTf 

o 1 jjIiIYi  MrlllBLL  W UlUV  o, 

CORNER  OF  NORTH  AND  MONUMENT  STREETS. 

This  establishment  is  erected  on  an  improved  plan,  and  by  the  aid  of  extensive 
Steam  Power,  manufactures  all  kinds  of  Marble  Work  in  a superior  style,  and  at 
the  lowest  prices  for  cash.  The  largest  and  best  assortment  of 

Marble  Mantles,  Mon- 
uments, Tombs,  &c. 

Of  new  and  beautiful  de- 
signs, may  be  seen  at  this 
establishment,  to  which  the 
attention  of  purchasers  is 
respectfully  invited.  Im- 
ported Garden  Statuary 
and  Vases,  of  the  most 
tasteful  designs  and  pat- 
terns, made  of  the  finest  de- 
scription of  Italian  Marble. 
Tiles  for  Flooring  constant- 
ly on  hand  and  for  sale  at 
the  most  reasonable  prices. 

Builders,  Cabinet  makers  and  Marble  Cutters 

Can  be  supplied  at  all  times  with  the  finest  Marble  Mantles,  Table  Tops,  &c. 
Marble  in  the  block  or  cut  to  sizes,  at  reduced  wholesale  prices. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


of  1840  should  be  ascertained,  it  was  provided  that  the  number  of  delegates 
should  be  appointed  as  follows  : A county  with  a population  under  fifteen  thou- 
sand, in  federal  numbers,  was  to  have  three  delegates  ; one  with  more  than  fifteen 
thousand,  four  delegates  ; one  with  over  twenty-five  thousand,  five  delegates  ; one 
with  over  thirty-five  thousand,  six  delegates ; and  Baltimore  as  many  as  the  most 
populous  county. 

After  1840  the  right  of  Annapolis  to  a separate  representation  was  to  cease. 

Considering  their  political  system  still  capable  of  amendment,  the  people  of 
Maryland,  during  the  year  1850,  decided  to  call  a convention  for  the  formation  of 
a new  constitution.  This  body  met  in  the  spring  of  1851,  and  concluded  its 
labors  on  the  14th  of  May.  The  constitution  framed  by  the  convention  was 
submitted  to  the  people  on  the  4th  of  June,  and  was  adopted  by  a large  majority. 
It  went  into  effect  July  4th.  By  this  instrument  Howard  district,  previously  a 
part  of  Anne  Arundel  county,  was  erected  into  a county,  and  one  senator  was  as- 
signed to  it.  No  other  change  was  made  in  that  branch  of  the  legislature.  The 
number  of  members  in  the  more  numerous  branch  was  diminished  from  eighty- 
two  to  seventy-four.  In  the  distribution  of  representatives  two  members  were 
allotted  to  Howard  county  ; ten  to  Baltimore  city,  being  an  increase  of  five  ; six 
to  Baltimore  county,  exclusive  of  the  city,  a gain  of  one  ; and  six  to  Frederick 
county,  which  before  had  five.  Fifteen  of  the  older  counties  lost  seventeen, 
members.  The  reason  for  these  changes  was  the  inequalities  in  representation 
among  the  counties  in  the  state,  which  had  been  brought  about  by  the  former 
constitution,  by  their  very  different  rates  of  progression  as  to  population  and. 
property. 

The  governor  in  office,  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  the  new  constitution,  was. 
to  continue  until  the  expiration  of  his  term.  The  salary  of  his  successors  was 
fixed  at  $3,600  per  annum. 

A Board  of  Public  Works  was  created,  to  consist  of  four  Commissioners, 
chosen  from  districts,  into  which  the  state  was  divided  for  the  purposes  of  their 
election. 

The  Treasurer  of  the  state  is,  ex  officio , a member  of  the  Public  Works.  This 
officer  is  to  be  chosen  by  the  legislature  once  in  two  years. 

A Comptroller  of  the  public  finances  is  to  be  chosen  by  the  people,  for  the  term 
of  two  years. 

The  judiciary  was  modified,  so  that  the  four  judges  of  the  Court  of  Appeals 
should  be  chosen  by  popular  election,  each  member  of  the  court  being  taken 
from  a district,  the  boundaries  of  which  were  prescribed,  except  the  Chief  Justice, 
whose  appointment  was  lodged  with  the  Executive.  The  state  was  divided  into 
judicial  circuits,  and  in  each  the  people  are  to  elect  a judge,  to  hold  office  for  ten 
years.  The  salary  of  the  judge  in  the  Baltimore  circuit  will  be  $2,500,  and  of 
the  other  members  of  the  court,  $2,000. 

County  clerks  and  registers  will  be  elected  by  the  people,  and  their  term  of 
office  is  limited  to  six  years. 

The  experience  of  the  people  under  the  former  constitution  had  made  them 
specially  solicitous  for  an  efficient  check  upon  the  power  of  the  legislature  to  con- 
tract debts.  Accordingly,  it  was  prohibited  to  that  authority  to  borrow  a greater 
sum  than  $100,000,  unless  in  case  of  war  or  invasion  ; nor  can  they  pass  a bill  to 
contract  a loan,  of  that  or  a less  amount,  without  a provision  levying  a tax  to 
meet  the  interest.  To  meet  temporary  deficiencies  in  the  treasury,  $50,000  may 
be  borrowed. 

It  is  made  the  duty  of  the  legislature  to  submit  to  the  people,  as  soon  after 
each  United  States’  census  as  convenient,  the  question  whether  they  desire  a revis- 
ion of  the  constitution  ; and  if  they  decide  in  the  affirmative,  a convention  shall 
be  called,  the  delegates  of  which  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  counties,  on  the 
basis  of  their  representation  in  the  two  houses  of  the  legislature. 


132 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


JAMES  REILLY  & SON, 


JSTo-  15S  NORTH  CALVERT  ST. 

OPPOSITE  THE  SUSQUEHANNA  DEPOT. 


JOHN  A.  ROCHE. 


ROCHE  & McCART, 

IMdSSEM  Mi 


JOHN  M’CART. 


9 


IMo.  90  St.  Fau.1  Street, 

Hydrants,  Water  Closets,  Bath  Tubs,  Wash  Basins,  Hot  and  Cold  Showers  and  Baths  of  all 
descriptions.  N.  B. — Jobbing  promptly  attended  to. 


MICHAEL  CARLING, 


«* 


nQ?  IV 


No.  63  PENNSYLVANIA  AVENUE. 

GEORGE  MEIER, 

AND  LAGER  BEER  HOUSE, 

No.  5V  PENNSYLVANIA  AVENUE. 

SEBASTIAN  ROSEMER, 

© MeMWMV  WMW11 

No.  57  PENNSYLVANIA  AVENUE. 

® JAMES  GARVEY,  m 


9 


No.  164  NORTH  CALVERT  STREET, 
ATTENDS  PROMPTLY  TO  FUNERALS,  &c. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OP  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


Lotteries  are  to  be  suppressed  after  the  1st  of  April,  1859,  and  in  the  mean 
time  a commissioner,  to  manage  them,  will  be  chosen  every  two  years  by  the 
people. 

Orphans’  courts  are  established  in  each  county,  and  in  Baltimore  city,  by  popu- 
lar vote,  to  consist  of  three  judges,  who  will  draw  per  diem  compensation  while 
engaged  in  the  actual  discharge  of  judicial  duties.  Magistrates  and  constables 
are  to  be  elected  in  each  ward  and  election  district,  and  to  serve  two  years. 

Maryland  is  shown,  by  the  census  of  1850,  to  be  the  fourteenth  state  of  the 
Union  in  respect  to  population.  The  first  settlements  within  its  limits,  as  before 
intimated,  were  formed  in  1631,  by  a few  straggling  adventurers,  but  the  per- 
manent foundations  of  the  colony  were  laid  in  1634.  From  that  epoch  until 
the  first  federal  enumeration,  authentic  data  for  calculation,  the  materials  for  tracing 
the  progress  of  population  are  meagre  and  unsatisfactory.  From  such  records  as 
the  annals  of  the  province  and  state  present,  previous  to  the  latter  period,  the  fol- 
lowing table  has  been  prepared,  showing  the  number  of  inhabitants  at  different 
times: 


Years.  Whites.  Free  Blacks.  Slaves.  Total.  , Increase. 

1634 — ....  — — 200....  — 

1660 — — — ....  12,000 11,800  or  5900.00  p.  c.  in  26  years. 

1671 — — — 20,000 8,000  “ 66-66  « in  11  “ 

1701 — — — 25,000 5,000  “ 25.00  “ in  30  “ 

1715 — — — 30,000 5,000  “ 20.00  “ in  14  “ 

1748 94,000 — 36,000 130,000 100,000  “ 333.33  “ in  33  “ 

1756 107,963 — 46,225 154,188 24,188  “ 18.60  “ in  8 “ 

1760 116,759....  — 49,764 166.523 12,335  “ 7.99  « in  4 ** 

1770 140,110 — 59,717 199,827 33,304  “ 20.00  “ in  10  «* 

1775 159, 0S3 — 65,917 225,000 25,173  “ 12.50  " in  5 « 

1782 170,688 — 83,362 234,050 29,030  “ 12.91  “ in  7 « 

1790 208,' 649....  8,043  103,036 319,728 63,678  “ 25.85  “ in  8 “ 


The  progress  of  population  was  discouragingly  slow  from  1660  to  1715,  a 
period  of  fifty-five  years.  The  advancement  of  the  province  was  retarded  by  civil 
and  religious  dissensions,  by  scarcity  and  pestilence.  Under  an  improved  system  of 
agriculture,  and  upon  the  cessation  of  disputes  among  the  inhabitants,  consequent 
upon  the  removal  of  the  causes  of  contention,  a return  or  rather  beginning  of  pros- 
perity was  experienced  about  the  latter  year,  and  the  community  advanced  rapidly 
in  numbers  and  the  other  elements  of  strength  and  power  until  1748,  when  hostil- 
ities between  England  and  France,  and  Indian  disturbances,  caused  a slight  check 
to  immigration  and  settlement.  Maryland,  however,  being  less  exposed  from  her 
local  position  to  suffer  from  these  causes,  her  population  increased  in  a satisfactory 
rate  up  to  the  beginning  of  the  Revolutionary  War.  During  that  contest  consider- 
able numbers  of  Germans  in  the  British  armies  abandoned  the  cause  to  which  they 
had  become  attached  by  no  ties  of  nationality  or  duty,  and  settled  in  this  state. 
In  1778  the  legislature  passed  an  act  by  which  all  foreigners,  upon  taking  the  oath 
of  allegiance  to  the  state,  were  naturalized,  and  admitted  to  all  the  rights  of  citizen- 
ship, except  that  of  holding  civil  offices.  As  an  inducement  to  immigration,  circu- 
lars were  printed  in  English  and  other  languages,  setting  forth  the  advantages 
which  Maryland  presented  to  those  who  wished  to  establish  themselves  in  the  new 
world,  and  distributed  in  England  and  Germany.  These  efforts  to  give  a direction 
to  the  stream  of  immigration  which  might  reasonably  be  expected  upon  the  return 
of  peace,  wTere  doubtless  successful,  as  is  indicated  by  the  surprisingly  rapid  in- 
crease between  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  War  and  the  year  1790.  It  does  not 
appear  that  the  introduction  of  the  African  race  among  the  body  of  the  population 
had  any  marked  effect  upon  its  progress.  It  is  not  until  the  year  1768  that  we 
find  anything  to  indicate  the  proportion  between  the  whites  and  blacks,  although 
slavery  had  then  existed  in  the  province  over  a century.  The  subjoined  table 
presents  a view  of  the  relative  advance  of  the  two  races : 


134  BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


SAMUEL  E.  TURNER, 


WRITING,  PRINTING  AND  WRAPPING  PAPERS, 

PKUMTOl©5  (DARIO®,  &©= 

3XTo.  3 Sontli  diaries  street. 


ACCOUNT  BOOKS  MANUFACTURED  TO  ORDER. 


JOHN  G.  PROUD.  JOHN  G.  PROUD,  JR.  ROBERT  M.  PROUD. 

Jfiw,  Park  ak  |fife  insurance  ^gm q, 

JOHN  &.  PROUD  & SONS,  Agents, 

OFFICE-51  LOMBARD  STEEET,  OPPOSITE  THE  POST  OFFICE. 

iETNA  INSURANCE  COMPANY  OF  HARTFORD,  CONNECTICUT.  CAPITAL, $500,000 


PHCENIX  INSURANCE  COMPANY  OF  HARTFOBD,  CONNECTICUT.  “ 200,000 

INSURANCE  CO.  OF  THE  VALLEY  OF  VIRGINIA,  WINCHESTER,  “ 300,000 

SPRINGFIELD  FIRE  AND  MARINE  INSURANCE  COMPANY,  MASS.  “ 150,000 

MONARCH  FIRE  AND  LIFE  INSURANCE  COMPANY,  LONDON,  “ 2,000,000 

INVESTED  BY  TRUSTEES  IN  NEW  YORK 150.000 


jETNA  LIFE  INSURANCE  COMPANY  OF  HARTFORD,  CONNECTICUT— CAPITAL,..  150,000 

A.  B.  SEEDENSTRICKER, 

(SUCCESSOR  OF  PHILIP  CHAPIN, ) 

MANUFACTURER,  OF  PLANES, 


AND  DEALER  IN 


No.  44  LIGHT  STREET,  CORNER  OF  BALDERSTON, 


Keeps  constantly  on  hand  Carpenter’s,  Carver's,  Cooper’s,  Cabinet,  Coach  and  Pattern  Maker’s  Tools  of  best 
stamps  and  quality.  Spear  and  Jackson’s  Saws,  W.  S.  Butcher’s  Tools,  Addis’s  Carving  Tools,  Flather’s 
Braces  and  Bitts,  Squares,  Turnscrews,  &c.,  assorted  Tool  Chest  and  Planes  of  every 
description.  The  largest  and  best  assortment  of  Tools  in  Baltimore. 


EXTENSIVE 


MANUFACTORY, 

IST  o - SI  NORTH  G-  A "'ST  STREET, 


SIGN  OF  THE  BIG  FLAG. 

One  of  the  largest  Furniture  Establishments  in  the  United  States — Warerooms 
extending  the  whole  length  of  the  Square  from  Gay  to  Frederick  street. 

E,  MOUNT,  Proprietor. 


* 

GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


Population. 

Rates  of  Increase. 

Proportion  to  Whole. 

Years. 

Whites. 

Blacks. 

Whites. 

Blacks, 

Whites. 

Blacks, 

1748 

,.  94,000.. 

36,000. 

72.3.. 

27.7 

1756 

46'225. 

14.8.. 

28.4 

70.0.. 

30.0 

1760 

..116,759. 

49,764. 

70.1.. 

1770 

.140,110., 

59,717. 

19.9.. 

20.0 

70.1.. 

29.9 

1775 

,.159,083., 

65,917. 

13.5.. 

10.5 

70.7.. 

29.3 

1782 

,.170,688.. 

83,362. 

7.3.. 

26.5 

67.1.. 

32.9 

1790 

,.208,649.. 

111,079. 

As  we  find  no  distinction  made  between  the  free  blacks  and  slaves  in  the  state- 
ments which  serve  as  authority  for  the  above  exhibit,  it  is  assumed  that  prior  to 
the  returns  of  the  census  of  1790,  the  number  of  the  former  class  was  too  incon- 
siderable to  receive  notice  in  any  analysis  which  the  purposes  of  those  times  re- 
quired, although  it  is  probable  the  work  of  emancipation  had  commenced  many 
years  before. 

The  following  tables  show  the  aggregate  statistics  of  the  population,  from  the 
taking  of  the  first  federal  census  in  1790,  to  the  1st  June,  1850 : 

Table  I. — Statement  of  the  absolute  proportion  of  each  class  of  Population . 


Census 

White 

— Colored  Persons- 

— 

Total 

Year. 

Persons. 

Free. 

Slave. 

Total. 

Population. 

1790 

208,649 

8,043. 

103,036 

.111,079.. 

319,728 

1800 

216,326 

....19,587. 

105,635 

.125,222.. 

341,548 

1810 

235,117 

33,927. 

111,502 

.145,429.. 

380,546 

1820 

260.222 

107,398  

.147,128.. 

407,350 

1830 

291,108 

52,938. 

102094 

.155,932.. 

417,040 

1840 

318,204 

62,078. 

89,737 

.151,815.. 

470,019 

1850 

417,943 

74,723. 

90,368 

.165,091.. 

583,034 

Table  II. — Statement  of  the  relative  proportion  of  each  class  to  the  whole  Population. 


Census  White 

Year.  Persons. 

1790 65.26... 

1800 63.34... 

1810... 

1820... 

1830.. . 

1840.. . 

1850.. . 


/ Colored  Persons . Total 

Free.  Slave.  Total.  Population. 


. 2.51... 

...32.23... 

...34.74 

100 

. 5.73... 

...30.93... 

...36.66 

100 

. 8.92... 

...29.30... 

...38.22 

100 

. 9.75... 

...26.37... 

...36.12 

100 

.11.84... 

...23.04... 

...34.88 

100 

.13.19... 

...19.11... 

...32.30 

100 

...15.50... 

...28.31 

100 

Table  III. — Statement  of  the  absolute  proportion  of  Sexes. 


Census  r-White  Persons— „ 

Year.  Male.  Female. 

1790. . ..  107,254 . . 101,395. . . 

1800 110,650.  .105, 676... 

1810 120, 210. .114,907... 

1820 .. ..  1 31,743  . . 128,479 . . . 

1830 147, 340. .143, 768... 

1840 158,804 . . 159,400 . . . 

1850 211, 187. .206, 756... 


Colored  Persons , 

Free.  Slave.  Total. 

Male.  Female.  Male.  Female.  Male.  Female. 


.—Total  Population—, 
Male.  Female. 


.18, 746..  20, 984 
.24, 906..  28,032 
.29, 187..  32, 891 
.35, 192. .39, 531 


56. 373. . 51. 025. 

53.442. . 49.552. 

46. 068. . 43. 669. 

45. 944. . 44. 424. 


75. 119. . 72. 009, 

78. 348. . 77. 584 

75. 255..  76, 560, 

81.136.. 83.955, 


206,862.-200,488 
,225,688.-221,352 
234, 059. .235, 960 
,292,323.-290,711 


Census 

Year. 

1790.. 

1800.. 
1810.. 
1820.. 

1830.. 

1840.. 

1850.. 


Table  IV. — Statement  of  the  relative  proportion  of  Sexes. 


— W hite  Persons—, 
Male.  Female. 


, Colored  Persons s 

Free.  Slave.  Total. 

Male.  Female.  Male.  Female.  Male.  Female. 


.-Total  Population— x 
Male.  Female. 


.51.40 48.60... 

.51.15 48.85... 

.51.13 48.87... 

,.50.63 49.37... 

,.50.61 49.39... 

,.49.91 50.09... 

,.50.51. ...49.49... 


• • * • ■“ “ 

••••  •••  • ••• 

• * - - - 

--  — 

"m  * " ’ 

.47.18.  ..52.82 

....52.46. ..47.54 

.51  06.  ..48.94. 

50.76. 

..49.24 

.4*\08.  ..52.92 

....51.87.  ..48.13 

.50.25. ..49.75. 

50.49. 

..49.51 

,.47.05.  ..52.95 

51.35.  ..48.65 

.49.67.. .50.33. 

49.79. 

. . 50.21 

, .47  09.  ..52.91. 

....50.84...  49.16 

.49.14.. .50.86. 

50.14. 

..49.86 

136  BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 

GEORGE  A.  WARDER  & CO. 


WHOLESALE  DEALERS  AND  MANUFACTURERS  OF 


9 

AND  STRAW  GOODS, 

3STo_  SB©  BALTIMORE  STREET. 


R.  MASON’S 


UNRIVALED? 


No.  1S8  E IR,  _A.  T T S T E,  E E T . 


BALTIMORB 


INCORPORATED  1830,  CHARTER  PERPETUAL, 

JOHN  I.  DONALDSON,  President 


TEE  ONLY  LIFE  INSURANCE  COMPANY  IN  EXISTENCE  CHARTERED  BY  THE  STATE  OP 

MARYLAND. 


HENRY  F,  THOMPSON,  Secy. 

F.  DONALDSON,  M.  D.,  Med.  Ex. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


Table  V. — Statement  of  the  absolute  movement  of  Population. 


Between  the 

White 

, —Colored  Persons ■> 

Total 

Years 

Persona. 

Free. 

Slave. 

Total. 

Population. 

1790-1800 

+ 7,677 

...+  11,544. 

...+  2,599. 

...+  14,143 

....+ 

21,820 

1800-1810 

+ 18,791 

...+  14,340. 

...+  5,867. 

...4  20,207 

....+ 

38,998 

1810  1820 

...+  5,803. 

...—  4,104. 

1,699 

....+ 

26,804 

1820-1830 

+ 30,886 

l 13,208. 

...—  4,404. 

L.  8,804 

....+ 

39,690 

Ififtft— 1840 

4 27.096 

L 9,140. 

13,257. 

4,117 

22,979 

1840-1850 

...+  12,645. 

...+  631. 

...+  13,276 

....+ 

113,015 

Table  YI. — Statement  of  the  relative  movement  of  Population. 


Between  the 
Years 

White 

Persona. 

Free. 

— Colored  Persoi 
Slave. 

as s 

Total. 

Total 

Population. 

1790-1800 

+ 3.67 

....+  2.52 

..+  12.73 

+ 6.82 

1800-1810 

+ 8.68 

+ 73.21.. 

,...4  5.55.... 

.-4  16.13 

+ 11.41 

1810-1820 

+ 10.67 

4 17.10.. 

j-  3.68 

,-4  1.16 

1820-1830 

4 1]L87 

4 33  24 -• 

.... 1 4.10 

• 4 5.98 

1830-1840 

4 9-30 

4 l7-26-- 

....  12,87.... 

2.64 

+ 5.14 

1840-1850 

431.34 

4 20.36.. 

,...+  0.70 

..+  8.74 

— signifies  minus,  ‘ 

‘ decrease.”  -f- 

signifies  y/us,  * 

‘ increase.” 

The  portion  of  territory  ceded  by  Maryland  to  the  General  Government,  and 
incorporated  with  the  District  of  Columbia,  was  set  off  between  1790  and  1800. 
The  number  of  its  inhabitants  in  the  latter  year  should  be  properly  taken  into 
account,  in  stating  the  population  of  Maryland,  when  the  second  census  was 
taken.  But  the  figures  could  not  be  conveniently  admitted  into  the  tables.  The 
number  of  whites,  with  whom  were  reckoned  a few  free  colored  persons,  was- 
8,144,  and  of  slaves,  2,072.  Adding  these  amounts  to  the  figures  in  the  lines 
referring  to  the  census  of  1800,  it  will  be  seen  that  but  for  this  cession  of  terri- 
tory, Maryland  would  have  had  in  that  year  351,774  inhabitants  ; namely,  whites, 
224,480  ; free  blacks,  19,587  ; and  slaves,  107,707.  The  rates  of  progression  for 
the  entire  population,  and  the  several  classes,  during  the  preceding  decade,  would 
be  shown  to  be  considerably  different  from  those  given  in  the  tables.  The  in- 
crease of  the  whites  would  be  found  to  be  about  7.50  per  centum,  and  of  the  slaves 
4.53  per  centum.  But  it  was  necessary  to  represent  the  facts,  as  given  in  the 
return,  for  the  actual  limits  of  the  state.  Making  the  proper  allowance  for  the 
effect  of  this  loss  of  territory,  it  appears  »that,  since  the  organization  of  our  present 
government,  the  African  race  has  increased  in  Maryland  at  a very  moderate  rate. 
During  one  decennial  term  this  class  of  inhabitants  remained  almost  stationary, 
and  in  the  course  of  another  actually  decreased.  The  aggregate  increase  of  slaves 
and  free  colored  during  the  sixty  years,  included  between  1790  and  1850,  has 
been  54,012,  or  48.66  per  centum;  while  that  of  the  governing  race  has  been 
209,294,  which  is  equal  to  100.31  per  centum.  The  proportion  between  whites 
and  colored  inhabitants  has  varied  from  65.26  to  34.74  in  1790,  to  71.69  whites 
and  28.31  blacks  in  1850.  But  this  change  in  the  relative  progress  of  the  races 
dates  only  from  the  census  of  1810,  and  is  in  remarkable  contrast  with  the  state 
of  facts  developed  by  the  several  enumerations  for  sixty-two  years  preceding.  In 
1748  the  blacks  formed  twenty-seven  hundredths  of  the  population,  and  they  ap- 
pear to  have  gained  upon  the  whites,  with  comparative  steadiness,  until  the  first 
federal  census,  when,  as  has  been  shown,  they  reached  the  approximate  propor- 
tion of  35  per  centum  of  the  whole  population,  while  the  whites  had  receded  from 
73  to  65  per  centum.  This  tendency  of  the  colored  race  to  encroach  upon  the 
numerical  superiority  of  the  whites  continued  for  twenty  years  longer,  until  in 
1810  they  were  found  to  have  attained  the  ratio  of  38.22  in  every  hundred  of  the 
entire  population,  and  the  whites  had  correspondingly  declined  to  61.78  per 
centum.  The  low  rate  of  increase  among  the  blacks  during  the  twenty  years 
ending  in  1810,  forbids  the  supposition  that  their  numbers  were  recruited  by 
heavy  importations  from  Africa,  or  from  the  other  states  of  the  Union.  The  ralq 

18 


i 


138 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


EDWARD  MITCHELL. 


JOS.  A.  EDMONDSON. 


MITCHELL  & EDMONDSON, 


WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL 


No.  90  Pratt  Street,  opposite  Patterson. 


ANDERSON  & JESSOP, 

IMPORTERS  OF  HARDWARE, 

CORNER  OF  PRATT  AND  LIGHT  STREETS. 


J.  IRWIN  SMITH.  J.  T.  TOWSON. 

J.  IRWIN  SMITH  8c  CO. 


153  PRATT  STREET  WHARF. 


R.  C.  WAITE, 


IvTA.JSTXJDPA.CTXJE.ER  OIF1 


AilCtlOJIS,  CAST  IRON  SHEAVES,  CHOCKS, 

AND  ALL  CASTINGS  SUITABLE  FOR  SHIPS, 

CORNER  OF  COVINGTON  AND  HUGHES  STREETS. 

E.  L.  H.  GEIGER, 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL  DEALER  IN 

STOVES, 

TIN  AND  SHEET-IRON  WARE, 

88  NORTH  HOWARD  STREET, 

Has  always  on  hand  a large  assortment  of 
the  latest  and  most  approved  style  of  Stoves, 
Ranges,  Furnaces,  etc.  Also,  manufacturer 
and  dealer  in  Japanned,  Enameled  and  Bri- 
tannia Ware,  made  by  the  best  workmen, 
and  of  the  best  material.  A call  is  respect- 
fully solicited. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


of  progress  of  the  colored  class  in  Maryland  during  these  years  was  about  31  per 
centum,  while  in  the  Union  at  large  it  was  about  82  per  centum.  Besides,  the 
public  sentiment  of  this  state  became  decidedly  and  effectually  adverse  to  the 
continuance  of  the  foreign  slave  trade  as  early  as  1804.  The  comparative  gain  of 
the  colored  over  the  white  inhabitants  during  this  period,  is  clearly  traceable  to 
the  migration  of  the  latter  to  the  new  states  of  the  West  and  South.  As  this 
more  rapid  rate  of  progress  had  been  going  on  for  sixty- two  years,  and,  as  during 
the  last  twenty  years  of  this  period  it  had  more  than  doubled  that  of  the  whites, 
there  was  in  1810  reason  for  apprehension  that  in  another  half  century  the  blacks 
would  become  the  preponderating  race.  There  is  reason  to  believe  that  this 
alarming  tendency  was  checked  by  the  introduction  of  new  pursuits  of  industry, 
giving  employment  to  a portion  of  the  native  population,  which  would  otherwise 
have  sought  it  beyond  the  limits  of  the  state,  and  inviting  into  it  emigrants  from 
foreign  countries.  The  erection  of  numerous  manufacturing  establishments,  the 
commencement  and  energetic  prosecution  of  extensive  public  improvements,  and 
the  consequent  revival  of  commercial  activity,  imparting  a new  growth  to  the  chief 
city  and  principal  interior  towns,  may  be  cited  as  the  causes  which  reversed  the 
order  of  advancement,  and  rescued  the  whites  from  the  peril  which  seemed  to  be 
impending  of  a loss  of  their  numerical  preponderance. 

The  census  of  1820  showed  an  increase  of  wrhite  inhabitants  equal  to  10.67  per 
centum,  while  that  of  the  colored  was  barely  appreciable,  being  1.16  per  centum 
only  ; and  the  proportion  between  the  races  had  changed  2.10  per  centum  in  favor 
of  the  former.  This  tendency  continues,  and  is  more  marked  in  the  results  of 
the  last  census  than  in  any  preceding  one. 

The  territorial  extent  of  Maryland  is  computed,  by  competent  authority,  at 
9,674  square  miles ; adopting  this  statement,  the  density  of  population  is  60.27 
to  the  square  mile.  It  would  be  out  of  place  here  to  go  into  that  minuteness  of 
investigation  which  would  be  required  to  develop,  with  any  degree  of  accuracy, 
the  capacity  of  the  state  to  sustain  population ; but  that  it  has  not  yet  reached 
the  limit  which  the  experience  of  civilization  has  marked  out  for  it,  may  be  easily 
demonstrated.  Its  soil  is  naturally  more  fertile  than  that  of  Massachusetts,  and 
its  climate  more  genial ; and  in  respect  of  its  position  towards  the  sea,  and  its 
inland  extension,  these  are  very  similar  in  both.  The  proportion  between  level 
and  mountainous  surface  is  also,  probably,  about  the  same  in  both  states.  The 
mineral  resources  of  Maryland  are  greater  beyond  comparison.  The  area  is  a 
fourth  larger  than  that  of  Massachusetts.  Massachusetts  has  126  inhabitants  to 
the  square  mile.  With  its  enormous  and  yet  unfathomed  deposits  of  iron  and 
coal,  and  its  unvarying  moderation  of  temperature,  it  may  fairly  be  assumed  that 
Maryland  can  support  151  persons  to  the  square  mile,  with  the  same  average  de- 
gree of  comfort  and  convenience  as  are  enjoyed  by  the  126  now  occupying  the 
same  space  in  Massachusetts.  This  concession  of  20  per  centum  in  favor  of  Mary- 
land, certainly  appears  to  be  due  to  its  superior  natural  advantages,  and  would 
give  it  a population  of  1,460,774.  At  the  rate  of  increase  observable  in  Mary- 
land from  1840  to  1850,  it  would  have  in  1890,  in  round  numbers,  1,380,000, 
and  at  the  end  of  the  present  century,  1,700,000.  Whether  its  advance  will  be 
as  rapid  and  steady  as  the  conditions  of  this  calculation  require  may  be  doubted ; 
but  as  the  estimate  is  based  upon  facts  within  our  own  experience,  it  must  be  ad- 
mitted to  be  reasonable. 

Of  the  417,943  white  inhabitants  of  Maryland  in  1850,  53,750  were  persons  of 
foreign  birth,  and  the  proportion  of  native-born  to  foreigners  was  as  87.15  to 
12.85.  We  have  seen  that  the  legislature  of  this  state  took  measures  at  an  early 
period  to  invite  immigration.  There  is  reason  to  suppose  that  the  invitation  was 
accepted  by  large  numbers  previous  to  the  commencement  of  the  wars  of  the 
French  Revolution,  which  would  naturally  cause  the  suspension  of  the  migratory 
movement  from  the  old  to  the  new  world,  although  we  have  but  few  authentic 


140 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


ROBERT  POOLE.  THOS.  M.  SMITH. 


GERMAN  H.  HUNT. 


KTOMTII  STREET, 

OPPOSITE  CALVERT  STATION. 


POOLE  & HUNT, 


AND  GENERAL  MACHINISTS, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  STEAM  ENGINES, 

if  €sAlt 


Railroad  Cars  and  Car  Wheels,  Blowing  Machinery,  Hydraulic 
Presses,  Sugar  and  Saw  Mills, 


-A.  TER  c . 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


details  of  the  accessions  to  population  in  any  portion  of  the  United  States,  from 
this  source,  prior  to  1819,  when  the  collectors  of  customs  were  first  required  by 
law  ,to  make  returns  of  the  number  of  foreign  passengers  arriving  at  their  respec- 
tive ports  ; there  is  no  doubt  that  many  Germans  sought  a home  within  the 
borders  of  Maryland  previous  to  that  date,  landing  either  at  Baltimore  or  coming 
through  Pennsylvania.  The  people  of  that  nation  appear  to  have  manifested  a 
preference  for  both  of  those  states  from  an  early  period,  being  probably  first 
attracted  to  Maryland  by  the  extensive  tobacco  trade  which  was  carried  on  between 
the  principal  port  of  the  state  and  the  German  cities  of  the  Baltic.  The  following 
table  presents  a statement  of  foreign  immigration  into  Baltimore,  for  thirty  years 
preceding  the  30th  Sept.,  1850,  which  is  believed  to  be  substantially  accurate  : 


< First  Decade— 

Year.  T of 

Immigrants. 


1820- 21 646 

1821- 22 499 

1822- 23 707 

1823- 24 378 

1824- 25 852 

1825- 26 1,068 

1826- 27 1,163 

1827- 28 1,772 

1828- 29 1,507 

1829- 30 1,960 


10,552 


/ Second  Decade „ 

Year.  T No*  of 

Immigrants. 


1830- 31 4,531 

1831- 32 5,092 

1832- 33 6,556 

1833- 34 6,959 

1834- 35 4,065 

1835- 36 4,255 

1836- 37 5,254 

1837- 38 7,087 

1838- 39 4,896 

1839- 40 6,627 


55,322, 


■Third  Decade- 


Year. 

No.  of 
Immigrants. 

1840-41 

1841-42 

1842-43 

1843-44 

1844-45 

1845-46 

1846-47 

12,009 

1847-48 

1848-49. 

1849-50 

Aggregate  immigration  for  30  years,  134,266. 


No  means  now  exist  for  determining  with  certainty  how  many  of  these  immi- 
grants permanently  settled  in  Maryland  ; but  as  Baltimore  had  not  been  during 
this  period  connected  with  the  country  west  of  the  Alleghanies  by  direct  rail-road 
or  water  communication,  it  is  probable  that  the  foreign  passengers  arriving  there 
usually  selected  that  port  of  landing  with  the  purpose  of  remaining  in  the  state. 
Much  the  larger  portion  of  this  immigration  consisted  of  Germans.  The  propor- 
tion between  that  class  and  all  other  foreign  passengers  in  1850,  was  about  60  per 
centum ; and  of  the  whole  of  the  53,750  persons  among  the  population  in  1850,  born 
out  of  the  United  States— 26,936  were  natives  of  Germany,  19,557  of  Ireland 
3,467  of  England,  1,093  of  Scotland,  260  of  Wales,  and  507  of  France.  The  re- 
sidue was  composed  of  immigrants  from  twenty-three  different  nations,  and  of 
those  wdiose  origin  was  not  ascertained.  Of  the  American  population  400,594 
were  born  in  Maryland  and  in  the  neighboring  states— 16,076  in  Pennsylvania, 
7,030  in  Virginia,  4,373.  in  Delaware,  and  1,940  in  the  District  of  Columbia! 
The  number  of  the  inhabitants  born  in  states  of  the  Union  other  than  those,  was 
as  follows:  in  Maine,  456  ; in  New-Hampshire,  260;  in  Vermont,  262;  in  Mas- 
sachusetts, 1,421  ; in  Rhode  Island,  209  ; in  Connecticut,  484 ; in  New-York 
2,646 ; in  New- Jersey,  1,321  ; in  North  Carolina,  225  ; in  South  Carolina,  158 ; 
in  Georgia,.  /4 ; in  Florida,  37 ; in  Alabama,  51  ; in  Mississippi,  143  ; in  Louisi- 
ana, .181  ; in  Texas,  24 ; in  Ohio,  535;  in  Indiana,  65;  in  Illinois,  54 ; in  Mis- 
souri, 86 ; in  Arkansas,  14;  in  Kentucky,  131  ; in  Tennessee,  39;  in  Michigan, 
in  Wisconsin,  4 ; in  Iowa,  5 ; in  California,  1 ; and  in  the  territories,  1. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  number  of  deaf  and  dumb,  blind,  insane,  and 
idiotic  persons  within  the  state  in  1850  : 


Persons. 

Deaf  and  Dumb. 

Blind 

Insane 

Idiotic 


. Whites N 

Malo.  Female.  Total. 

.103...  92. ..195. 
. 96...  97. ..193. 
.226. ..251.  ..477. 
.147. ..121. ..268. 


.—Free  Colored— * , Slaves ^ , Aggregate * 

Male.  Female.  Total.  Male.  Female.  Total.  Male.  Female.  Total. 

...19... 17... 36 15. ..  8... 23... 137... 117... 254 

...30... 41... 71 22. ..21... 43... 148... 159... 307 

...23. ..29. ..52 9. ..15. ..24. ..258. ..295.. .553 

...32... 21. ..53 41. . .31. . .72. . .220. . .173. . .393 


and  the  number  of  slaves  manumitted  in  1849-50  was  493,  and  the  number  that 
fled  from  service  was  379. 


\ 


142 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


R.  M.  LOCKWOOD  & CO. 

GENERAL  COMMISSION  MERCHANTS, 

69  IE  X C Ur!  .A.  2sT  C3-  E I3  Xj  _A_  C IE  . 

MEW  AM©  ©L©  H©  © B€©  3 

J.  C.  HINES  & CO. 

No.  44  BALTIMORE  STREET,  BELOW  FREDERICK  ST. 

HAVE  ALWAYS  FOR  SALE  AT  VERY  LOW  PRICES  A LARGE  AND  WELL  SELECTED  STOCK  OF 


NEW  AN  I) 


SECOND  HAND  BOOKS, 

$3T  Second  hand  Books 


Embracing  the  best  ancient  and  modern  standard 
bought  or  exchanged. 


FHKWCH  X>"5r3ES3Et.« 


F.  GIJEEAND’S 

(from  PARIS,) 

Dyeing  and  Scouring  Establishment, 

IKTo.  lELS-a  JXT.  X3IO ''WjSl.IEI.JED  STREET, 

Dyes  and  finishes  all  kinds  of  Woolen,  Silk  and  Cotton  Goods,  to  any  color ; also 
cleans  and  removes  stains  on  Merino  and  Silk  Dresses,  Coats,  Carpets,  Table 
Covers,  Gauze  Veils,  &c.  Merino,  Cashmere,  Crape  and  Silk  Shawls  cleansed 
to  equal  new. 

CHARLES  REEDER, 

CORNER  OF  HENRY  AND  HUGHES  STREETS, 

SOUTH  SHOE  OE  THE  BASIN, 

MANUFACTURER  OF  MARINE  AND  STATIONARY 

STEAM 


a»,™m 

CASTINGS  OF  IRON  AND  BRASS, 

in  lifiiiiii 

OF  E N7-  E E "'5T  DESCRIPTION. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


The  distribution  of  the  population  into  the  several  counties  in  1850,  was  as 
follows : 


„ Number  of 

Counties.  Dwellings* 

Alleghany 

3,850.. 

Anne  Arundelt. 

3,712.. 

Bal  timbre 

30,065... 

Calvert 

1,006... 

Caroline . 

1,526... 

Carroll 

3,476... 

Cecil 

3,056... 

Charley 

1,335... 

Dorchester 

2.705... 

Frederick 

6,397... 

Harforcl 

2,977... 

Kent 

1,584... 

Montgomery 

1.923... 

Prince  George.. 

1,875... 

Queen ‘Anne... 

1,864... 

St.  Mary’s 

1,512... 

Somerset 

3,158.. 

Talbot 

. 1,751.. 

Washington 

5,052.. 

Worcester..... 

2,884.. 

Number  of 
Families.* 
..  3,902... 
..  3,745... 
.34,925... 
. 1,006... 
,.  1,526... 
..  3,593... 
..  3,114... 
,.  1,335... 
..  2,709... 
..  6,614... 
,.  2,985... 
,.  1,584... 
..  1,960... 
..  1,875... 
..  1,864... 
..  1.646... 
..  3,158... 
..  1,776... 
..  5,182... 
..  2,885... 


White  , Colored  Persons * Total 

Persons.  Free.  Slave.  Total.  Population. 

. 21,633 412 724 1,136 22,769 

. 16,542 4,602 11,249 15,651 32,393 

.174,853 29,075 6,718 35,793 210,646 

. 3,630 1,530 4,486 6,016 9,646 

. 6,096 2,788 808 3,596 9,692 

. 18,667.  974 975 1,949 20,616 

. 15,472 2,623 844 3,467 18,939 

. 5,665 913 9,584 10,497 16,162 

. 10,747 3,848 4.282 8,130 18,877 

. 33,314 3,760 3,913 7,673 40,987 

. 14,413 2.777 2,166 4,943 19,356 

. 5,616 3,143 2,627 5,770 11,386 

. 9,435 1,311 5,114 6,425 15,860 

. 8,901 1,138 11,510 12,648 21,549 

. 6.936 3,278 4.270 7,548 14,484 

. 6,223 1,633 5,842 7,475 13,698 

. 13,385 3,483 5,588 9.071 22,456 

. 7,084 2,593 4,134 6,727 13,811 

. 26,930 1,828 2,090 3,918 30,848 

. 12,401 3,014 3,444 6,458 18,859 


Total 81,708 -..87,384 


417,943 74,723 90,368.. 


..165,091 


583,034 


The  number  of  persons  born  in  the  state  during  the  year  ending  1st  June,  1850. 
is  stated  in  the  census  to  have  been  16,482,J  the  number  that  were  married  dur- 
ing the  same  year  was  3,703,  and  the  number  that  died  was  9,544.  These 
figures,  however,  can  only  be  taken  as  an  approximation. 

The  classes,  sexes,  and  ages  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  state  in  1850,  were  as 
follows  : 


Ages. 

Under  1 

1 and  under  5 
5 and  under  10 
10  and  under  15 
15  and  under  20 
20  and  under  30 
30  and  under  40 
40  and  under  50 
50  and  under  60 
60  and  under  70 
70  and  under  80 
80  and  under  90 
90  and  under  100 

100  and  upwards. . 

Age  unknown..... 


, — White  Persons-^ 
Male.  Female. 


year 6,059... 

year6 24,309... 

years 27,558... 

years 25,307... 

years 20,767... 

years 40,164... 

years 29,460 

years 18'740... 

years 10,647... 

years 5,429... 

years 2,161... 

years 508... 

years 63... 

7... 

8... 


5,962. 

23,037. 

27,016. 

24,608. 

22,461. 

38,173. 

26,685. 

18,414. 

10,802. 

6,088. 

2,631. 

749. 

114. 

10. 

6. 


Colored  Persons * 

Free.  Slave. 


Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

.1,017 

..  998 

..1.243.. 

1,203 

.4,422 

..4,502 

..5,961.. 

5,931 

.4,950  ... 

-.6,902.. 

6,712 

.4,516.... 

..4,582 

..6,963.. 

6,400 

.3,396 

..4,015 

..5,643.. 

5,466 

.5,437 

..6,816 

..8,092.. 

7,443 

.4,344 

..5.273 

..4,269.. 

4,500 

.3,030 

..3,625 

-.2,953.. 

2,931 

.2,104 

..2,252 

..1,926.. 

.1,242.... 

...1,334 

..1,187.. 

1,175 

. 503 

..  605.... 

. 175 

..  239 

45 

..  110 

..  41... 

. 11.... 

..  24... 

31 

0.... 

2 

Amoristhc  deductions  from  the  census  returns  of  Maryland,  transmitted  to 
Congress  by  the  Commissioner,  will  be  found  several  abstruse  tables  on  the  law 
of  mortality  in  the  state,  the  specific  intensity  of  life,  and  the  expectation  of  life ; 
these  are  not  of  popular  interest,  and  can  easily  be  referred  to  by  those  whose 
pursuits  require  their  aid  ; hence  they  are  omitted  in  this  connection. 


*In  all  siave-holding  states  the  dwellings  and  families  of  slaves  are  counted  as  parts  of  the  dwelling* 
and  families  of  their  owners.  “ 

t Howard  district,  formerly  a part  of  this  county,  was  erected  into  a separate  county  in  1851,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  constitution  of  that  year.  There  are  no  means  afforded  by  the  census,  as  published  by  the 
commissioner,  of  ascertaining  the  proportions  of  population,  products,  <5cc.,  due  to  it;  but  as  the  principal 
villages  are  within  its  limits,  these  may  be  rated  at  two  Lhirds  the  totals  given  to  Anne  Arundel.  ^ 

t This  number  (16,482)  is  given  as  the  total  number  of  persons  born  within  the  year.  By  summing  up 
t.ie  numbers  of  persons  under  one  year  of  age  (all  of  whom  must  have  been  born  within  the  year  indicated) 
we  have  the  same  aggregate : hence,  if  the  census  be  correct,  all  the  children  born  in  the  year  ending  June 
1st.  1850,  have  luckily  escaped  the  usual  fatality  of  infancy. 


144 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


extensive  piano  forte  manufactory! 


FIRST  PREMIUM  AWARDED  WILLIAM  KNABE, 

Senior  partner  of  the  late  firm  of  Knabe,  Gaehle  & Co.,  has  just  re-established  the  manufacture 

and  sale  of 


a-:Ft^iNr:D  square 

& 


9 


UNDER  THE  OIF 

WM.  c*3  CJO. 

AT  THE  OLD  STAND, 

Nos.  1,  3 3 5 and  7 NORTH  EUTAW  STREET, 


OPPOSITE  THE  EUTAW  HOUSE. 


Thankful  for  the  extensive  patronage  received  by  the  late  firm,  the  undersigned  respectfully  informs  the 
public,  that  since  the  death  of  one  of  his  partners,  Mr.  Henry  Gaehle,  by  which  the  partnership  was  dissolved, 
he  has  purchased  the  entire  large  stock  of  unfinished  Pianos,  lumber,  and  other  prepared  materials  belonging 
to  the  late  firm.  He  will  therelore  continue  the  business  at  the  old  stand  as  above,  and  will  endeavor  not  only 
to  sustain  the  well  established  reputation  of  the  late  firm,  but  to  excel  all  former  efforts  in  perfecting  the  Piano 
Forte. 

In  addition  to  the  old  established  warehouses  and  factory  on  Eutaw,  near  Baltimore  street,  he  has  started  a 
very  large  new  factory  on  South  Eutaw  street,  fronting  on  West  street,  where  he  has  now  employed  a number 
of  the  most  experienced  workmen. 

In  this  factory  he  is  making  Pianos  upon  a new  and  improved  scale,  the  first  of  which  was  deposited  in  the 
late  Fair  of  the  Maryland  Institute,  at  which  it  took  the  Highest  Premium,  over  the  unusual  competition  of 
fourteen  Pianos  exhibited  by  some  of  the  best  makers  in  Boston,  New  York  and  Baltimore. 

This  judgment  of  the  Institute  was  immediately  afterwards  confirmed  at  the  Industrial  Exhibition  of  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  where  the  First  Premium  was  also  awarded  him. 

By  the  facilities  combined  in  his  two  establishments,  he  is  enabled  to  fill  with  promptness  and  satisfaction 
all  orders  with  which  he  may  be  favored. 

1 All  Pianos  built  at  his  factory  have  full  Tron  Frames,  being  so  constructed  as  to  secure  great  additional 
strength  without  affecting  the  tone,  and  therefore  will  stand  in  any  climate. 

The  greatest  care  is  bestowed  upon  his  work,  and  the  selection  of  the  best  materials,  and  every  Instrument 
turned  but  of  his  factory,  can  therefore  be  fully  warranted  by  him,  possessing  all  the  qualities  requisite  for  a 
good  Piano. 

All  Instruments  of  my  manufacture,  are  also  guaranteed  for  five  years  from  the  day  of  sale. 

Particular  attention  is  paid  to  the  selection  of  Instruments  for  distant  orders,  and  a privilege  of  exchange 
granted  at  anytime  within  six  months  from  the  day  of  sale,  should  such  Instrument  not  give  entire  satisfaction. 

Wholesale  Dealers  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  give  him  a call  before  purchasing  elsewhere. 

{Inconstantly  on  hand  a fine  assortment  of  Melodeons,  of  the  best  makers,  at  prices  from  $45  to  $200. 

N.  B.— Pianos  exchanged,  hired  and  tuned. 

WM.  KNABE  & CO. 


Qn  This  is  one  of  the  most  extensive  establishments  in  the  Union — those  in  want  of  a good  Piano  Forte  will 
do  well  to  call.  All  Instruments  are  warranted  by  Messrs.  Knabe  & Co. — Editor. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


There  are  specified  in  the  returns  nineteen  cities,  towns  and  villages,  containing 
more  than  200  inhabitants  each.  Their  aggregate  population  is  200,381,  of  which 
162,274  are  natives  of  the  United  States,  and  37,340  of  foreign  countries.  From 
these  statements  it  results  that  30.61  per  centum  of  the  native  inhabitants,  and 
70  per  centum  of  those  born  abroad,  dwell  in  towns. 

The  returns  also  enumerate  about  300  professions,  trades  and  occupations, 
which,  together,  present  a condensed  view  of  the  industry  of  the  state.  The  en- 
tire number  of  persons,  whose  employments  are  given,  is  131,910. 

1 . Of  the  whole  number  of  specified  employments,  43  are  of  a character  to 
require  the  exertion  of  the  intellectual  faculties,  as  the  learned  professions,  engi- 
neering, teaching  and  surveying  ; in  these  are  occupied  13,187  persons. 

2.  Next  is  the  class  of  planters  and  farmers,  which  comprises  a body  of  26,757 
persons. 

3.  The  third  in  order  of  this  classification  includes  such  as  are  engaged  in  me- 
chanical trades,  in  manufacturing,  and  other  departments  of  manual  industry,  re- 
quiring various  degrees  of  skill;  of  such  pursuits  there  are  190,  and  they  gave- 
employment  to  44,218  persons. 

4.  This  division  comprises  such  as  are  occupied  in  unskilled  labor : it  com- 
prises 25  occupations,  in  which  are  engaged  32,933  persons.  Laborers,  without 
a more  specific  description,  count  four-fifths  of  the  aggregate  number. 

5.  Merchants,  bankers,  retail  dealers  and  others,  occupied  in  the  pursuits  of 
commerce,  and  in  the  almost  innumerable  ramifications  of  trade  and  business,  the 
chief  province  and  objects  of  which  are  the  management  of  the  exchange  and  dis- 
tribution of  the  products  of  industry,  are  ranked  together  under  this  head.  It 
includes  26  branches  of  employment,  which  are  pursued  by  4,607  individuals. 

The  following  table  exhibits  an  alphabetical  list  of  the  employments  above 
alluded  to,  and  the  number  of  persons  engaged  in  each : 


Occupations.  No.  of  Persons. 


Actors 18 

Agents 239 

Agricultural  Implement 

Makers 342 

Architects 20 

Artists 52 

Auctioneers .26 

Astrologists 2 

Bakers,  &c 773 

Bank  Officers 73 

Barbers 235 

Barkeepers 174 

Basket  Makers 73 

Bell  Hungers 8 

Blacksmiths 2,425 

Bleachers 4 

Blind  Makers 14 

Block  <fc  Pump  Makers. 102 
Boarding  Housekeepers.  54 

Boat  Builders 65 

Boatmen 281 

Boiler  Makers 59 

Bone  Dust  Makers 16 

Book  Binders 78 

Booksellers  and  Sta- 
tioners  73 

Bottlers 48 

Brass  Founders 85 

Brewers 81 

Brick  Makers 1,381 

Bridge  Makers 7 

Brokers  and  Bankers 81 

Broom  Makers 26 

Brush  Makers 46 

Butchers 879 

Button  Makers ,...54 

Cabinet  Makers -.1,071 

Carpenters  and  Build- 
ers  5,244 

Carpet  Makers 46 

Carriers 112 

Carters 969 


Occupations.  No.  of  Persons. 

Carvers 37 

Caulkers 203 

Chandlers 202 

Chemists 118 

Clerks 3,256 

Clergymen  430 

Clock  Makers 14 

Coach  Makers _..429 

Collectors 94 

Comb  Makers  29 

Conveyancers 44 

Composition  Workers.. .12 

Coopers 1,199 

Coppersmiths 82 

Cordwainers 3,832 

Cork  Cutters 4 

Cotton  Manufacturers.3,247 

Curriers 108 

Cutlers 39 

Daguerreoty  pists 21 

Dairymen 100 

Dentists 79 

Distillers 52 

Draughtsmen 7 

Drivers 744 

Drovers 30 

Druggists,  &c 218 

Dyers 43 

Edge  Tool  Makers 55 

Engineers ..327 

Engravers 25 

Farmers 26,324 

File  Makers 24 

Fire  Engine  Makers 32 

Fire  Works  Makers 59 

Fishermen 166 

Fringe  Makers 68 

Fullers 14 

Furriers 6 

Gardeners 477 

Gas  Fitters 14 

Gaa  Makers 52 


Occupations.  No.  of  Persons. 

Gilders 24 

Glass  Makers 81 

Glovers 92 

Glue  Makers 35 

Goldsmiths 19 

Grocers 737 

Gunsmiths 81 

Hair  Workers 14 

Harness  Makers 628 

Hatters 320 

Hosiers 8 

Ice  Dealers ; 13 

India  Rubber  Manufac 

turers 17 

Innkeepers 697 

Iron  Forges,  Workers 
in , 90 


Iron  Founderies,  do. ..535 
Iron  Furnaces,  ..do. ..1,351 
Rolling  Mills  do...  175 
“ Workers,  all  oth- 
ers   253 

Japanners 3 

Jewellers 54 

Laborers 26,577 

Lamp  Makers 8 

Last  Makers 23 

Lawyers 580 

Lime  Burners 46 

Lithographers 20 

Locksmiths 94 

Looking-Glass  Makers  ..30 

Lumbermen 179 

Machinists 301 

Mariners 8,747 

Marketmen 164 

Masons  and  Bricklay- 
ers  1,217 

Match  Makers 8 

Math,  lustrum.  Makers..  12 

Measurers 45 

Merchants 3,409 


Occupations.  No.  of  Persons. 

Mills — Bark,  workers  in. 33 

“ — Ulnver  4 


“ — Clover 

do.. 

...A 

“ — Coffee, «fec.  do. 

...14 

“ — Flour, &c.  do. 

. .687 

“ — Planing 

do. 

53 

“ — Plaster 

do. 

...14 

“ — Saw 

do. 

..304 

“ • — Sumac 

do. 

...13 

Milliners 

..262 

Millstone  Makers 

....9 

Millwrights 

..102 

Mineral  Water  Makers.. 22 

Miners 526 

Morocco  Dressers 60 

Moulders 294 

Musical  Inst.  Makers... 169 

Musicians 59 

Music  Teachers 24 

Nail  Manufacturers 203 

Officers  of  the  State,  and 

of  the  U.  States 589 

Oil  Cloth  Manufacturers.. 5 

Oil  Makers 18 

Opticians 5 

Organ  Builders 18 

Ostlers 124 

Overseers 474 

Oystermen  113 

Painters  and  Glaziers.. 809 
Paper  and  Band-Box 

Makers 39 

Paper  Hangers 133 

Paper  Manufacturers. . 186 

Paper  Stainers 117 

Patent  Medicine  Makers.  .7 

Pattern  Makers 52 

Paviers 127 

Peddlers 154 

Perfumers 5 

Physicians 942 

Pilots 101 

Planters 410 


146  BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


INLAND  ROUTES  VIA  CANALS. 


BALTIMORE  AND  PHILADELPHIA  STEAMBOAT  COMPANY, 

For  Transportation  of  Freight  and  Passengers,  daily  (except  Sunday)  at  3 P.  M., 
arriving  at  Philadelphia  early  in  the  morning. 

NEW  YORK  AND  BALTIMORE  TRANSPORTATION  LINE, 

Four  times  per  week,  for  transportation  of  Freight  only.  Through  in  48  hours. 

Offices— No.  3 Light  Street  Wharf,  Baltimore,  J.  Alex.  Shriver,  Agent. 

No.  19  S.  Wharves,  Philadelphia,  A.  Groves,  Jr.,  Agent. 

No.  86  West  Street,  New  York,  W.  H.  Thomson,  Agent. 


NEW  PROVISIONS. 

I am  now  curing  and  packing  Beef  and  Pork  for  home  and  foreign  markets. 
Always  on  hand,  Family,  Mess,  Prime  and  No.  1 Beef  and  Pork,  Hams,  Lard, 
Rendered  Tallow,  &c.  WM.  F.  PENTZ, 

BEEF.'AND  PORK  PACKER, 
No.  274  EAST  FAYETTE  STREET. 


A.  A.  HE1DEHSOI, 


LADIES’  FANCY 


AND  HATS  AND  SAPS  GENERALLY, 


No.  191  N.  GAY  STREET,  OPPOSITE  ENGINE  HOUSE. 


OLIVES  & FLEMMING-, 


KTo>.  S JbtlEI  S3  3ZZD>  ZEST'S?  STHEET, 


Jk.  - C3r. 


MANUFACTURER  AND  DEALER  IN 


No.  40  ENSOR  STREET,  NEAR  BEL  AIR  MARKET. 

Axes,  Grubbing  Hoes,  Picks,  Shovels,  Spades,  Hoes,  Asparagus,  Hay  and  other 
Steel  Pronged  Forks,  Sausage  Cutters  and  Fillers,  Apple  Parers,  &c. 

Plow  Castings,  by  the  Piece  or  Ton. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


Occupations.  No.  of  Persons. 

Plasterers 469 

Platers 11 

Plumbers 59 

Potters 106 

Powder  Makers 272 

Printers 383 

Provision  Dealers 25 

Publishers 14 

Porters 468 

Quarrymen 45 

Regalia  Makers 72 

Riggers ...76 

Riveted  Hose  Makers. ...9 

Rope  Makers 119 

Sail  Makers 119 

Sailing  Masters 22 

Scavengers 20 

Servants ..1,881 


Occupations.  No.  of  Persons. 

Ship  Builders 673 

Joiners 82 

Ship  Smiths 109 

Shot  Manufacturers 10 

Silversmiths 76 

Soapstone  Workers 30 

Soldiers 123 

Spinners 35 

Steam  Engine  Makers.. 330 

I Steel  Manufacturers 2 

Stone  and  Marble  Cut- 
ters   430 

Stove  Makers 413 

Straw  Workers 3 

Students 746 

Stevedores 45 

Sugar  Refiners 19 

Surgical  Instr.  Makers 8 


Occupations.  No.  of  Persons. 

Surveyors 33 

Tailors 5,294 

Tanners 479 

Teachers 799 

Teamsters 144 

Telegraph  Operators 54 

Tin  Smiths 361 

Tobacconists,  <fcc 849 

Traders 600 

Trunk  Makers 30 

Turners 138 

Type-cutters  and  found- 
ers  22 

Umbrella  Makers 51 

Upholsterers 76 

Varnish  Manufacturers.  .11 

Watchmen 208 

Watch  Makers 98 


Occupation*.  No.  of  Person*. 

Weavers 342 

Weigh  Masters 5 

Wheelwrights 805 

Whip  Makers 36 

White  Lead  Manuf. 20 

Whitesmiths 33 

Wig  Makers 12 

Wire  Workers 24 

Woolen  Manuf. 378 

Manufactures,  (not  spe- 
cified)  261 

Mechanics,  (not  speci- 
fied)  250 

Engaged  on  Rail-roads 

and  Steamboats 123 

Other  Occupations.. .1,339 

Total 131,910 


The  branches  of  industry,  as  pursued  in  Maryland,  are  set  forth  in  the  detailed 
statistics,  under  the  heads  of  the  several  counties.  In  this  place,  therefore,  it  is 
only  necessary  to  exhibit  the  aggregates  of  the  various  departments. 

Agriculture,  except  in  what  are  specifically  denominated  the  manufacturing  dis- 
tricts, is  the  all-engrossing  occupation.  The  principal  staple  of  the  southern  coun- 
ties is  tobacco,  which  has  been  the  great  export  article  of  the  province  and  state 
since  its  first  settlement.  Prince  George,  Carroll,  Charles  and  St.  Mary’s  coun- 
ties, are  the  sources  from  which  ninety  five  hundredths  of  the  annual  crop  is 
derived.  Less  than  one  million  pounds  weight  is  produced  in  all  the  other  coun- 
ties in  the  year.  In  the  northern  counties,  the  main  crops  consist  of  wheat, 
oats,  rye,  &c.,  while  in  the  south-eastern  counties  the  grain  crops  are  more  varied. 
Flax  and  hemp  are  grown  almost  everywhere,  but  to  no  great  extent.  The  sys- 
tem of  farming  formerly  pursued  has  exhausted  the  soils  of  Maryland,  and  ren- 
dered them  comparatively  worthless  ; but  for  several  years  past  great  improve- 
ments have  been  made,  the  worn  out  lands  have  been  fertilized  by  various  man- 
ures, and  by  a judicious  rotation  of  crops,  the  lands  now  in  use  are  kept  in  excel- 
lent condition.  In  almost  every  part  of  the  state  the  richest  fertilizers  are  abun- 
dant, and  by  means  of  improved  facilities  of  transportation,  many  foreign  com- 
posts, formerly  excluded,  are  now  easily  procured — thus  guano,  lime,  &c.,  are 
carried  to  the  remotest  plantations  in  the  country,  and  are  being  successfully  and 
widely  used  where  most  wanted.  The  unusual  increase  of  population  in  the  agri- 
cultural counties  is  a consequence  of  the  improvements  that  have  been  effected, 
and  the  demand  for  labor,  that  has  followed  the  adoption  of  the  economic  prin- 
ciples involved  in  the  change. 

The  whole  land  area  of  Maryland,  as  before  stated,  is  9,674  square  miles  or 
6,191,360  acres;  of  this  extent,  4,634,350  are  farm  lands,  of  which  2,797,905 
acres  are  improved  and  1,836,445  acres  unimproved.  The  number  of  farms  under 
cultivation  in  1850,  according  to  the  returns  of  the  census  takers,  was  21,860,  and 
their  aggregate  cash  value,  $87,178,545.  The  value  of  farming  implements  and 
machinery  at  the  same  time  was  $2,463,443.  Nt)  former  census  has  made  re- 
turns on  these  important  points,  and  hence  we  have  no  means  of  showing  the 
changes  that  have  taken  place  in  the  quantity  and  value  of  lands  under 
cultivation. 

The  amount  of  live-stock  in  1850,  was  as  follows  : horses,  75,684;  asses  and 
mules,  5,644;  milch  cows,  86,859;  working  oxen,  34,135;  other  cattle,  98,595; 
sheep,  177,902,  and  swine,  352,911.  The  value  of  these  in  the  aggregate  was 
$7,997,634.  In  1840,  the  number  of  horses,  mules,  &c.,  was  92,220;  of  neat 
cattle,  including  milch  cows,  working  oxen  and  other  cattle,  225,714 ; of  sheep, 
257,922;  of  swine  416,943,  and  the  value  of  poultry  of  all  kinds  was  $218,765. 
The  census  of  1850  does  not  account  for  poultry.  These  statistics  exhibit  a de- 
crease in  the  number  of  horses,  mules,  &c.,  of  10,892;  of  cattle  a decrease  of 


JAMES  D.  MASON  & CO’S 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


6,125;  of  sheep  a decrease  of  80,020,  and  of  swine  a decrease  of  64,032.  The 
quantity  of  wool  produced  in  1849-’50,  was  480,226  pounds  ; the  quantity  of 
butter  was  4,202,160  pounds,  and  cheese,  3.925  pounds.  The  value  of  animals 
slaughtered  is  stated  at  $1,954,800,  or  one-fourth  the  value  of  the  remaining  live 
stock  together.  In  1840,  wool  was  produced  to  the  amount  of  488,201  pounds, 
and  the  value  of  the  products  of  the  dairy  was  $457,466. 

The  field  crops  produced  in  1839-’40,  and  in  1849-50,  as  exhibited  in  the  two 
last  census  returns,  are  stated  in  tabular  form  for  facility  of  comparison,  as 
follows : 


Crop. 


1839-’40.  1849-’50. 


Crop.  1839-’40.  1849-’50 


Wheat bushels. 

Rye, “ 

Indian  Corn....  ** 

Oats “ 

Barley “ 

Buckwheat “ 

Peas  and  Beans.  “ 


..3,345,785..  4,494,680 
..  723,577..  226,014 

..8,233,086.-10,749,859 
..3,534,211..  2,242,151 

3.594..  745 

73.606..  103,671 
— ..  12,816 


Irish  Potatoes,  bushels.  ) . 

Sweet  Potatoes,  '■  £ 1.036,433 


Tobacco, pounds...  24,816,012, 

Hay, tons 106,687, 

Wine, gallons  ...  7,585, 


Market  Garden  products..  $133,197 
Orchard  products $105,740. 


764,939 
208,993 
,21,407,497 
, 157,956 

1,431 
. $200,869 
$164,051 


Other  products  under  this  head  in  1849-50,  were — clover-seed  15,217  bushels  ; 
other  grass  seed  2,561  ; hops  1,870  pounds ; hemp  (dew-rotted)  63  tons ; flax 
35,686  pounds ; flax-seed  2,446  bushels ; silk  cocoons  39  pounds ; maple-sugar 
47,740  pounds,  and  maple-molasses  1,430  gallons  (all  from  Alleghany  County  ;) 
bees-wax  and  honey  74,802  pounds.  The  aggregate  value  of  home-made  manu- 
factures, which,  in  the  census  returns,  are  classed  as  agricultural  productions,  is 
Btated  at  $111,828 — in  1S40  the  same  manufactures  were  produced  to  the  value 
of  $178,181.  From  these  comparative  returns  it  will  be  seen  that  the  only  staple 
crops  which  have  been  increased  since  1840,  are  those  of  wheat  and  Indian  corn  ; 
the  production  of  tobacco  has  decreased  one-eighth.  The  increase  or  decrease  in 
other  crops  is  less  important. 

The  manufacturing  industry  of  Maryland  has  more  than  duplicated  within  the 
ten  years  from  1840.  In  that  year  the  total  amount  of  capital  invested  in  all 
manufactures  was  $6,450,284,  and  in  1850  the  capital  invested  was  $14,753,143. 
The  distribution  of  this  class  of  employments  in  1850,  and  the  value  of  the  aggre- 
gate capital  invested  in  each  county  in  1840  and  1850  comparatively,  are  exhi- 
bited in  the  annexed  table  : 


No.  of 

Value 

Average 

Average 

Annual 

Capital 

No.  of 

Establish-  Capital 

of  Raw 

Hands  Monthly  Cost 

Value  of 

Invested, 

Counties.  Pursuits. 

ments. 

Invested. 

Material. 

Employed. 

of  Labor. 

Products. 

1840. 

Alleghany* 

. 10... 

. 24.. 

$750,100.. 

$130,848. 

...  403 

$9,284 

$491,391.. 

$99,410 

Anne  Arundel 

. 25... 

. 159.. 

402,570.. 

599,837. 

...  968 

13,972 

937,260.. 

307,150 

Baltimore 

. 29... 

. 134.. 

3,387,410.. 

2,791,319. 

...  3,377 

51,013 

4,123,503  l 

4,294,702 

Baltimore  city. 

138  ... 

.2,243.. 

6,541,922.. 

9,444,244. 

,...20,486 

459,441 

20,416,511  ] 

Calvertf 

. — 

. — .. 

— 

— 



.#  . 



13,545 

Carolinef  ...5. 

. — ... 

. — .. 

— 

— 

...  — 

— .... 

— 

7,050 

Carroll 

. 22... 

. 121.. 

246,800.. 

216,345. 

...  357 

6,047 

352,369.. 

207,472 

Cecil 

. 28... 

. 170.. 

529,990.. 

418,062. 

...  893 

16,656 

776,857.. 

1,09.838 

Chariest 

. — ... 

. — .. 

— 

— 

...  — 

— .... 

— 

6,000 

Dorchesterf... 

. 4... 

. 12.. 

7,250.. 

10,600. 

46 

833 

24,500.. 

85,129 

Frederick  .... 

. 30... 

. 253.. 

815,581.. 

1,136,533. 

...  880 

15,236 

1,600,967.. 

520,605 

Harford 

. 20... 

. 70.. 

428,655.. 

398,732. 

...  324 

6,456 

545,676.. 

106,918 

Kentf 

. 10... 

. 34.. 

45,700.. 

73,642. 

82.... 

1,540 

111,750.. 

28,370 

Montgomery  . . 

- 19... 

. 80.. 

137,810.. 

219,372. 

...  242 

3,870 

331,167.. 

61,925 

Prince  George 

. 14... 

. 28.. 

428,370.. 

285,244. 

...  708 

7,371 

414,859.. 

53,800 

Q.ueen  Anne... 

..  10... 

. 29.. 

42,060.. 

68,870. 

...  128:-.. 

2,167 

122,226.. 

500 

St.  Maryf 

. 3... 

- 11.. 

38,500-. 

56,000. 

31 

259-.... 

68,312.. 

30,282 

Somerset 

. 12... 

. 90.. 

109,600.. 

96,775. 

...  200 

3,276 

155,350.. 

25,750 

Talbot 

. n ... 

. 36.. 

54  600.. 

63,460- 

...  180 

2,938 

119,050.. 

19,000 

Washington. . . 

. 32... 

. 169.. 

726,375.. 

1,283,675. 

13,099 

1,859,993.. 

421,188 

Worcester! 

. 7... 

. 45-- 

69,850.. 

33,176. 

89 

1,110 

65,961.. 

51,650 

Total 143. ...3, 708.. $14, 753, 143  $17,326,734 30,124. ..  $614,556 $32,477,702. . $6,450,284 


* The  capital  invested  in  mine3  within  this  county  is  about  $7,000,000  ; but  this  is  not  accounted  for  in  the 
census,  in  which  only  $605,000  is  stated  as  being  the  mining  capital, 

f In  the  “ errata ” appended  to  the  census  of  Maryland,  we  fiad  the  following  note,  “ No  industrial  establish - 


150 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


W.  H.  FORRESTER. 


GREENMOTJNT  AVENUE 

t? 


R.  G.  F.  KEISTER. 


KEISTER 


NEAR  MADISON  STREET. 

FORRESTER  & 

Have  always  on  hand  and  are  prepared  to  furnish  at  the  shortest  notice, 

MONUMENTS, 


MANTLES,  DOOR  AND  WINDOW  SILLS,  STEPS, 

AND  ALL  KINDS  OF  BUILDING  WORK, 

LEWES  ©CyJCTQKl®  OKI  TOE  ©Q [?[?[EK[E1K1=U’  LM®M@E§ 

Done  witli  precision  and  taste. 

fd3  Charges  moderate  and  work  warranted  as  represented.  All 
manner  of  old  Grave  work  neatly  repaired. 


257  NORTH  BOND  STREET, 

Has  on  hand  a good  assortment  of  Family  Groceries,  Fresh  Meats,  Vegetables, 
Fruits,  &c.  Cheap  for  Cash. 


GEORGE  HAUSH. 


CHARLES  A.  STECK. 


TsT  o - *7  e B !R,  O .A.  3D  W A.  , 

Manufacture  to  order,  Bread,  Furniture  and  other  Wagons,  Carts,  Drays,  Wheel- 
barrows, &c.  Also  attend  promptly  to  repairing  all  articles  in  our  line,  Cheap. 
Give  us  a call. 

GEORGE  W.  BERRY’S 

FASHIONABLE  SHOE  STORE, 

No.  284  N.  GAY  STREET,  BETWEEN  BELAIR  MARKET  & ASHLAND  SQUARE. 
Having  opened  a Shoe  Store  at  the  above  named  place,  I respectfully  inform  my  friends  and  the 
public  generally,  that  I keep  constantly  on  hand,  and  make  to  order,  GAITERS  AND  SHOES 
of  every  description,  for  Ladies,  Misses  and  Children,  at  fair  prices  ! All  orders  thankfully 
received  and  promptly  attended  to. 

MIEW  1M©  STP<D)IBIS2 

EAST  BALTIMORE  PHARMACY, 

CORNER  OF  BOND  AND  ORLEANS  STREETS. 

The  Subscriber  has  taken  and  fitted  up  the  Store  at  the  above  Corner  for  an  Apothecary  and 
Drug  Store,  Patent  Medicines,  Toilet  and  Fancy  Articles,  American,  English  and  French  Per- 
fumeries, &c.  He  respectfully  solicits  the  patronage  of  the  public,  as  he  confident^  expects  to 
give  full  satisfaction  to  all.  Bespectfully,  Dr.  MOSES  McLANE. 

Id=>  Physicians’  Prescriptions  compounded  with  accuracy  and  dispatch  at  any  hour 
of  the  day  or  night. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


It  may  be  proper  in  this  place  to  note,  that  in  1850  no  account  was  taken  of 
those  manufacturing  establishments,  the  annual  products  of  which  did  not  amount 
to  $500  in  value.  The  number  of  such  is  doubtlessly  great,  especially  in  the 
agricultural  districts ; and  in  whole  counties,  such  as  Calvert,  Caroline,  and  Charles, 
the  manufactures  carried  on  are  probably  on  this  scale,  as  we  have  no  returns 
given  in  the  census.  In  1840  all  these  counties  returned  manufactures.  We  have 
no  means  of  estimating  the  aggregate  numbers  and  values  of  the  establishments 
referred  to,  but  may  safely  conclude  that  had  they  been  returned,  they  would  have 
added  at  least  10  per  centum  to  the  aggregates  as  above  given. 

The  following  is  a recapitulation  of  the  industry  of  Maryland,  and  exhibits  the 
number  of  establishments  connected  with  each  pursuit,  the  amount  of  capital  in- 
vested, the  value  of  raw  material  consumed,  the  kind  of  motive  power  employed, 
the  average  number  of  hands  employed,  the  average  monthly  cost  of  labor,  and 
the  value  of  the  annual  products  of  each. 


Average 

No.  of 

Value 

Average 

Monthly 

Value  6f 

Name  of  Business  or 

Establish- 

Capital 

of  Raw 

Power 

Hands 

Cost  of 

Annual 

Manufacture. 

ments. 

Invested. 

Material. 

Employed. 

Employed. 

Labor. 

Products. 

Agricultural  implement  makers  76.. 

$100,150. 

...  $103,572 

Steam,  &c. 

333.. 

$7,436 

$257,656 

Artificial  flower  makers.. 

1... 

500. 

2,000 

Hand , 

6.. 

..  125 

..  4,000 

Bakers 

193... 

..249,187. 

658,100 

“ 

.11,013 

1,145,949 

1.. 

100. 

225 

it 

7.. 

..  105 

..  1,200 

7... 

..  2,450. 

2,493 

ii 

22.. 

..  561 

..  11,084 

Blacksmiths 

232... 

..  87', 730 

100,490 

it 

10,946 

..323,678 

Block  and  pump  makers.. 

19... 

..  13,300. 

8,992 

a 

..1,704 

..  44,300 

Boat  builders. ....... ... 

..  15,000 

14,705 

it 

65 

1,887 

47  950 

Book  binders 

9... 

..  13,200. 

15,700 

it 

44.. 

. . 922 

Boot  and  shoe  makers.... 

464... 

.297,965. 

504,210 

it 

.50,264 

1,372,358 

Brewers ............. 

. 62,800. 

59,873 

Stills 

..1,657 

..122,720 

Brick  makers 

.280,536. 

124,279 

Kilns 

.33.334 

..471,450 

Broom  makers 

7... 

. 10,050. 

14,055 

Hand 

..  647 

..  38,950 

Brush  makers . . 

6... 

..  15,600. 

13,410 

44 

46.. 

..1244 

44  950 

Button  makers 

1... 

. 1,000. 

2,500 

Steam 

10.. 

..  148 

..  2*340 

Cabinet  makers 

141... 

.301,215. 

.....208,895 

Hand 

903.. 

.23,031.... 

..705,175 

Cage  makers. ........... 

1... 

75. 

75 

ti 

2.. 

35 

850 

Car  builders 

1... 

600. 

1,090 

a 

6.. 

. . 156 

3 600 

Carpenters  and  builders.. 

234... 

,.218,497. 

518,588 

“ ... 

.37,658 

1, 518,*117 

Carvers 

5... 

650. 

960 

44 

..  328 

. . 9,300 

Chandlers,  &c 

12... 

.224,600. 

427,290 

Steam,  &c. 

202.. 

..4,043 

Charcoal  burners 

1... 

. 1,000. 

570 

Pits 

..  80 

..  2,170 

Chemicals 

.210,000. 

110,150 

Steam 

118.. 

..2,938 

..421,200 

Cigar  makers ........... 

...’.125... 

.196,960 

210,542 

Hand 

508 

1 9.  77Q 

608  71  R 

Clothiers 

265... 

.628,940. 

...  1,327,481 

44 

.70.616 

2,662,127 

Coach  makers............ 

52... 

.127,450., 

113,415 

44 

....423 

10  855 

387  470 

Comb  makers 

4... 

. 1,400. 

2,819 

11.. 

..  ’242 

..  7*1.00 

Coopers 

99... 

. 47,730. 

111,761 

44 

..9,066 

..284,758 

Copper  refining.......... 

. 45,000. 

105,400 

Water 

..  460 

..115,500 

‘ smelting 

1... 

.100,000. 

Steam 

-.1,480 

..450,000 

“ smiths 

. 30,800. 

Hand 

27.. 

..  923 

Cordage 

7... 

. 28,500., 

71,430 

Steam,  &c.. 

85... 

..2,584 

..106,600 

Cork  cutters............. 

1... 

. 2,500. 

4,000 

Hand 

..  144 

Corset  makers 

2... 

150. 

332 

44 

....  10.. 

..  110 

..  3,000 

Curriers 

21... 

. 65,100. 

.....208,545 

it 

80... 

..3,010 

Cutlers 

1... 

. 2,000.. 

500 

it 

4 

1 40 

q nnn 

Daguerreans .... 

9... 

. 13,900.. 

9,350 

C amerce 

21 

83  4 

Distillers 

.184,300.. 

457,638 

Stills 

..1,435 

..566,064 

Dyers 

. 5,500.. 

1,200 

Hand 

..  258 

..  6.800 

Earthenware .....  . . 

. 46,030.. 

14,408 

Kilns 

..2,841 

..  83,700 

Edge-tool  makers 

. 10,100.. 

9,731 

Hand 

..1,013 

..  34,296 

Engravers 

. 2,500.. 

1,495 

44 

. 7 

9Q0 

7 120 

Engine,  fire,  builders 

. 16,800.. 

5,237 

Steam 

..  836 

..  22^350 

Factories,  card 

. 21,100.. 

5,296 

“ 

..  360 

..  41.000 

merits  were  returned  in  the  counties  of  Calvert,  Caroline,  and  Charles  ; and  incomplete  returns  from  Dorchester 
Kent,  St.  Mary’s,  and  Worcester  Counties.”  This  explanation  invites  two  questions-- first,  were  there  in  exist- 
ence any  industrial  establishments  to  return;  and,  second,  if  there  were,  why  were  they  not  returned,  and  why 
were  incomplete  returns  received  when  complete  ones  might  have  been  obtained  ? The  probability  is  that  the 
three  first  counties  named  have  no  manufactures  coming  within  the  limitation  of  the  census,  and  then  no  returns 
were  required;  but  the  merits  of  the  case  ought  to  be  ascertained. 


152  BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


F>.  STAHR’S 


CHINA,  GLASS  AND  QUEENSWARE, 

1ST  O . 312  NORTI-I  G-  AN.  HT  STREET. 


A.  J.  ABRAMS’ 


All  orders  in  onr  line,  such  as  Monuments,  Tombs,  Head  and  Foot  Stones,  Marble 
Mantles,  &c.,  will  be  filled  with  promptness  and  on  the  most  liberal  terms. 


AISQUITH  STREET,  OPPOSITE  JEFFERSON  ST. 

Residence  No.  270  East  Monument  Street. 


I *90*301:3®  BABIES. 

— 

THE  SUBSCRIBER  RESPECTFULLY  INFORMS  THE  LADIES  THAT  HE  IS  MAKING 

GOOD  GAITERS  AT  $1,50,  A NICE  SLIPPER  AT  75  Cents, 

AND 

| HiliflfjSi!  dfe  ■©  Mia  II"  iE  J1 21  ^ II  S®®®!! 

OF  THE  BEST  MATERIAL  J±.1STJD  WORKMANSHIP, 

And  all  at  the  very  lowest  prices,  for  Cash.  Work  made  to  order.  Every  effort  made  to  please.  Call  on 

J"  _ Hi  - BALL, 

314  N.  Gay  Street,  near  Ashland  Square. 


MARTIN  HATTER, 


WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL  DEALER  IN 


No.  133  North  Gay  Street,  Second  door  East  of  High. 


J&S*  Parties  supplied  at  the  shortest  notice  with  Cakes,  Candies  and  Cordials.  Orders  for 
Wedding  Cake  will  be  attended  to  promptly.  Ice  Cream  made  to  order  at  all  times,  and  sent 
to  all  parts  of  the  city. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


No.  of 

Value 

Name  of  Business  or 

Establish- 

Capital 

of  Raw 

Manufacture. 

ments. 

Invested. 

Material. 

Factories,  cotton 

...  33.. 

2,248,600.. 

, . . 1,353,361 

“ file 

...  2.. 

..  25,500.. 

17,315 

" glue 

..  20,000.. 

16,050 

“ lamp 

...  2.. 

..  6,000.. 

7,951 

“ linseed-oilcake- 

...  1.. 

..  10,000.. 

37,500 

“ mill-stone 

...  2.. 

..  5,600.. 

6,125 

“ nail 

...  8.. 

..121,550.. 

96,717 

*'  riveted  hose. . . . 

...  2.. 

..  6,800.. 

7,250 

“ shot 

...  1.. 

..  30,000.. 

36,250 

“ woolen 

...  43.. 

..258,100.. 

176,518 

...  5.. 

..  94,500.. 

78,935 

Foundries,  brass 

...  10.. 

..  52,240.. 

190,049 

“ iron 

...  18.. 

..253,100.. 

230,562 

“ type,  &c 

...  1.. 

..  15,000.. 

2,875 

Fringe  makers 

...  4.. 

..  40,650.. 

27,200 

...  19.. 

1,033,500.. 

576,225 

Gas  company 

...  1.. 

..500,000.. 

32,190 

“ fixture  makers 

...  2.. 

..  8,000.. 

6,998 

Gilders — 1 

...  1.. 

500.. 

2,000 

Glass  manufacturers 

...  2.. 

..  54,000.. 

19,300 

...  5.. 

..  21,860.. 

10,384 

Gunsmiths 

..  14,300.. 

12,050 

Hat  and  cap  makers 

...  46.. 

..  55,200.. 

120,338 

Hosiery 

...  1.. 

..  1,000.. 

425 

India-rubber  clothing 

...  2-. 

• • 3,000.. 

12,000 

Instruments,  mathematical, 

...  4.. 

..  3,600. 

2,140 

“ musical 

...  2.. 

..  1,600.. 

950 

“ surgical 

...  2.. 

..  3,000.. 

1,045 

...  4.. 

..  4,650.. 

8,610 

Japanning 

...  1.. 

150.. 

375 

Last  makers... 

...  5.. 

..  1,350.. 

Lime  burners 

...  16.. 

..  14,930.. 

13,867 

Looking-glass,  &c.  makers. 

...  4.. 

..  22,500.. 

15,160 

Machine  shops 

...  15.. 

..257,500.. 

120,843 

Match  makers 

...  1.. 

200.. 

250 

Mills,  bark 

...  7.. 

..  26,000.. 

27,900 

“ bone 

...  3.. 

..  7,000.. 

15,478 

“ clover 

...  4.. 

..  1,550.. 

— 

“ coffee,  &c 

...  3.. 

..  12,100.. 

21,625 

“ flour 

...245.. 

1,833,460.. 

..  4,126,324 

“ grist 

...147-. 

• •264,150.. 

432,583 

“ linseed-oil 

...  1.. 

..  3,000.. 

750 

“ paper 

..134,300.. 

118,668 

“ planing 

...  5.. 

..  42,700.. 

119,085 

“ plaster 

...  2.. 

..  10,000.. 

14,562 

“ powder 

...  2.. 

..  64.000.. 

10,211 

“ rolling 

...  5.. 

..196,000.. 

210,564 

“ saw .... 

...118.. 

..195,350.. 

185,630 

snmar  ...* ----- 

...  3.. 

..  9,000.. 

14,075 

Milliners 

...  51.. 

..  26,275.. 

74,912 

Millwrights 

...  3.. 

..  17,500.. 

Mineral  waters 

...  3.. 

..  9,400.. 

8,090 

Mining,  coal •. 

...  3.. 

..605,000.. 

“ copper 

...  3.. 

..  13,200.. 

....  

H o-nlH 

...  1.. 

500.. 

“ iron 

...  21.. 

..  34.750.. 

Morocco  dressers 

...  7.. 

..  36,400.. 

111,576 

Oar  makers 

..  2,000.. 

Oil -cloth  makers 

..  6,000.. 

8,000 

Organ  builders 

...  2.. 

..  2,000.. 

1,850 

Paper-box  makers 

...  1.. 

400.. 

Paper  stainers 

...  6.. 

..  60,000.. 

20,974 

Patent  medicines 

...  3.. 

..  1,650.. 

5,130 

Perfumery 

...  2.. 

650.. 

2,700 

Piano-forte  makers 

..  61.100.. 

32,184 

Plaster  casts 

...  1.. 

200.. 

250 

Plumbers 

,..  11,450.. 

41,090 

Printers  and  publishers*... 

...  28.. 

..124,525.. 

151,753 

Power 

Average 
Average  Monthly 
Hands  Cost  of 

Value  of 
Annual 

Employed.  Employed.  Labor. 

Products. 

Steam,  &c. 

...3, 247. ..38, 112.. 

..2,021,396 

Water 

35,000 

Steam 

21 465.. 

29,400 

Hand 

8 216... 

Steam 

6 120.. 

7,500 

Hand 

9 270.. 

27,000 

Steam,  &c 

.203 4,011 

224,100 

Hand 

9 190.., 

20,500 

Steam 

10 250.. 

44,000 

Water..... 

370 6,144.. 

319,240 

“ 

90 2,353.. 

136,000 

Steam 

76 2 259.. 

273,600 

“ 

515,862 

Hand 

31 1,000.. 

25,000 

Looms 

68 929.. 

65,800 

Steam ,. 

...1,351. ..26, 671.. 

..  1,048,250 

Hetorts 

52 1,600.. 

156,050 

Forge 

14 390.. 

19,675 

Hand 

2 60.. 

3,000 

“ 

54 2,426.. 

52,000 

“ 

92 766.. 

29,900 

it 

81 2,223.. 

53,500 

« 

320 5,652.. 

3 54.. 

1.725 

4 i 

17 220.. 

18,250 

it 

8 350.. 

8,900 

6 120.. 

4,200 

a 

8 240.. 

6, 000 

27 660.. 

22,800 

“ 

3 75.. 

2,000 

“ . 

11 411.. 

12,500 

Kilns 

46 689.. 

28,725 

Hand 

30 1,065.. 

35,150 

Steam,  &c. 

458. ..12,591.. 

497,550 

Hand 

8 100.. 

5,000 

Water 

33 557.. 

56,740 

Steam,  &c.. 

16 362.. 

....  24,274 

Water 

4 53.. 

5,350 

Steam,  &c.. 

14 293.. 

31,560 

Water,  &c.. 

502 9,055.. 

...4,918,576 

“ 

185 2,806.. 

539,689 

H 

2 30.. 

....  1,400 

186.... 2, 401.. 

234,365 

Steam 

53 1,300.. 

185,290 

“ 

14 320.. 

21,500 

Water...., 

9 189.. 

16,750 

“ ..... 

282,531 

“ 

304 5,191.. 

399,778 

“ ..... 

13 206.. 

21,525 

Hand 

262 2,374.. 

151,900 

“ 

42 1,250.. 

49,000 

Steam 

22 '442.. 

27,312 

“ 

210 5,450.. 

“ ...  ,. 

35 732.. 

8,975 

Hand 

1,596 

“ 

171,675 

If 

60 1,345.. 

147,550 

it 

4 160.. 

....  10,000 

it 

5 100.. 

....  12,000 

a 

8 230.. 

8,300 

a 

6 155.. 

4,000 

il 

117 1,578.. 

63,000 

M 

7 183 

...  15,500 

li 

5....  132  . 

9,800 

a 

163 5,396.. 

124,550 

a 

....  2 50.. 

l,50fi 

“ 

59. ...1,865.. 

88,75© 

Steam,  &c. 

372 7,552.. 

379,569 

* Of  the  28  printers  and  publishers  returned  in  the  census,  2 are  returned  for  Anne  Arundel  County,  17  for 
the  City  of  Baltimore,  and  9 for  Washington  County.  Thus  it  would  appear  that  18  counties  have  no  printers 

20 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


156 


CHAUNCY  BROOKS. 


WALTER  B.  BROOKS. 


DERICK  FAHNESTOCK. 


BROOKS,  FAHNESTOCK  & CO. 

Jowign  iinij  Domestic  Dnj  dMs, 

No.  345  BALTIMORE  AND  56  GERMAN  STREET. 


J.  M.  OREM.  W.  S.  HOPKINS. 

OREM,  HOPKINS  & CO. 


I HVC  F O F.  T F F S OF 


*(0) (0)  10) [§  '(S IS M IS M IL & IF 


ADAPTED  TO  MEN’S  WEAR, 

Mo.  S38  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

NORTH  SIDE,  FOUR  DOORS  WEST  OF  CHARLES  STBEET. 


The  attention  of  Merchants  from  the 
South  and  West  is  respectfully  solicited 
to  our  very  extensive  stock  of 

in  ©®®i§3 

Comprising  one  of  the  largest  as  well  as 
most  attractive  in  the  United  States.  We 
pledge  ourselves  to  sell  onr  goods  as  low 
as  they  can  he  bought  in  any  other  market 
in  the  country. 

Orders  respectfully  solicited  and 
promptly  attended  to. 

WHXTELEY,  BEOS.  & STONE. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  TIIE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


Years.  ' 

Domestic. 

— EXPORTS— 

Foreign. 

Total.  ' 

imports. 

Years.  ' 

Domestic. 

—EXPORTS  - 

Foreign. 

TotaL 

IMPORTS 

1815,... 

4,086,274 

950,327 

5,036,601 

— 

1833,-.. 

3,301,014 

761,453 

1,155,537 

4,062,467 

5,437,057 
4,6 47,483 

1816,... 

4,834,490 

2,504,277 

7,338,767 

— 

1834,... 

3,012,708 

4,168,245 

1817,... 

5,887,884 

3,046,046 

8,933,930 

— 

1835,... 

3,176,866 

748,368 

3,965,234 

5,647,153 

1818,... 

4,945,322 

3,625,412 

8,570,634 

— 

1836,... 

3,028,916 

646,559 

3,675,475 

7,131,867 

1819,... 

3,648,067 

2,278,140 

5,926,216 

— 

1837,... 

3,365,173 

424,744 

3,789,917 

7,857,033 

1820,... 

4,681,598 

1,927,766 

6,609,364 

— 

1838,... 

4,165,168 

359,407 

4, 524,575 

5,701,869 

1821,... 

2,714,850 

1,135,544 

3,850,394$4,070,841 

1839,... 

4,313.189 

263,372 

4,57  6,561 

6,995,285 

1822,... 

3,496,993 

1,039,803 

4,536,796 

4,792.486 

1840,... 

5,495,020 

273,748 

5,768,768 

4,910,746 

1823,... 

3,173,112 

1,857,116 

5,030,228 

4,946,179 

1841,... 

4,739,160 

158,006 

4,947,166 

6,101,313 

1824,... 

3,549,957 

1,313,276 

4,863,233 

4,551,442 

1842,... 

4,635,507 

269,259 

4,904,766 

4,417,078 

1825,... 

3.092,365 

1,408,939 

4,501,304 

4,751,815 

1843,... 

4,820,215 

195,342 

5,015,556 

2,479,132 

1826,... 

2.947,352 

1,063,396 

4,010,748 

4,928,569 

1844,... 

' 4,841,950 

291,216 

5,133,166 

3,917,750 

1827,... 

3,457,691 

1,058,715 

4,516,406 

4,405,708 

1845,... 

6,744,110 

124,945 

6,869,053 

4,042,915 

1828,... 

3,107,819 

1,226,603 

4,334,422 

5,629,694 

1846,... 

6,744,110 

124,945 

6,869,055 

4,042,915 

1829,... 

3,662,273 

1,142,192 

715,497 

4,804,455 

4,804,135 

1847,... 

9,632,360 

129,884 

9,762,244 

4,432,314 

1830,... 

3,075,985 

3,791,482 

4,523,866 

1848,... 

7,016,034 

113,748 

7,129,782 

5,343,643 

1831,... 

3,730,506 

578,141 

4,308,647 

4,826,577 

1849,... 

7,786,695 

213,965 

8,000,660 

4,976,731 

1832,... 

3,015,873 

1,484,045 

4,499,918 

4,629,303 

1850,... 

6,589,481 

377,872 

6,967,353 

6,124,201 

The  total  value  of  real  and  personal  estate  in  the  several  counties,  as  assessed 
for  taxation,  and  the  true  valuation  thereof  as  stated  in  the  census  returns ; and 
the  amount  of  taxes  collected  in  each  county  for  the  year  1849-50,  are  exhibited 
in  the  following  table  : 


Counties. 


, -Real  and  Personal  Estate. , Amount  of 

Assessed  value.  True  valuation.  taxation. 


Alleghany 

Anne  Arundel, 
Baltimore.... 
Baltimore  city, 

Calvert 

Caroline 

Carroll 

Cecil 

Charles 

Dorchester 

Frederick 

Harford 

Kent 

Montgomery . . 
Prince  George. 
Queen  Anne.. 

Somerset 

St.  Mary’s 

Talbot 

Washington... 
Worcester. — 


$ 4,205,453.... 

....$  5,080,635 

9,774,931.... 

....  11,243,624 

....  31,931 

13,546.132.... 

....  13,546,132 

....  70,880 

80,237,960 

80,237,960 

....  617,994 

, 2,151,952.... 

....  2,474,096 

....  14,950 

1,421,826.... 

....  1,421,826 

....  11,497 

. 6,629,812.... 

6,629,812 

....  30,834 

. 5,191,099.... 

....  6,500,000 

....  38,386 

. 3,330,717.... 

....  6,645,891 

20,859 

. 4,635,105.... 

4,635,105 

....  39,561 

. 18,773,926 

....  20,455,298 

98,892 

5,087,990.... 

....  5,087,990 

....  41,686 

. 4,574,821.... 

4,574,821 

....  32,472 

4,523,800.... 

....  4,523,800.... 

....  26,256 

, 11,711,254.... 

....  11,921,478.... 

18,283 

. 3,967,277.... 

....  3,967,277.... 

....  35,513 

. 3,303,935.... 

....  4,129,919.... 

....  23,383 

. 3,972,100.... 

....  21,246 

4,541,295 

4, 541,295 

....  50,226 

. 1,499,231* 

....  1, 499, 231*... 

....  57,758 

. 3,523,009.... 

....  4,169,233.... 

....  14,393 

Total 


$196,603,625 


.$207,257,523 $1,334,429 


Of  the  total  taxation  $444,866  was  for  state  purposes ; $380,727  county  tax ; 
$89,810  school  tax;  $22,651  poor  tax;  $14,866  road  tax;  and  $381,509  tax  for 
other  purposes.  The  details  of  these,  as  respects  the  several  counties,  are  stated 
in  another  part  of  this  work. 

The  aggregate  number  of  paupers  supported  by  all  the  counties  within  the  year 
ending  1st  June,  1850,  was  4,458,  of  which  2,555  were  native  born,  and  1,903 
foreigners  ; and  the  whole  number  of  the  same  class  receiving  relief  at  the  date 
specified,  was  1,936 — namely,  1,618  natives,  and  318  foreigners.  The  total  cost 
to  the  counties  was  $71,668. 

The  whole  number  of  criminals  convicted  within  the  year  ending  1st  June, 

* The  figures  given  are  those  of  the  census  return  ; a casual  glance  will  show  that  there  is  some  error  in  the 
sum  as  respects  Washington  county,  and  it  is  probable  that  the  valuation  is  not  less  than  ton  times  the 
amount  stated 


154  BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


fashionable  Matter 


This  establishment,  conducted  upon  cash  principles , secures  to  the  purchaser  the  best  article 
that  skill  and  experience  can  produce  at  the  lowest  price.  _ A discount  of  ten  per  cent,  is 
made  upon  the  Actual  market  price;  the  fabric  of  the  article  in  all  cases  being  equal  to  those 
sold  elsewhere  at  the  ordinary  rate. 

The  Best  Material  and  the  best  workmanship  is  employed  to  produce  a $5  Hat,  which  is 
sold  at  $4.50.  An  article  of  second  quality,  usually  sold  at  §4,  as  of  first  quality,  is  sold  at 
this  establishment  for  $3.60,  being  a clear  abatement  of  10  per  cent. 

The  stock  embraces  an  unequaled  assortment  of  Hats,  Caps,  Canes,  Umbrellas,  Opera  Glasses, 
Perfumery  and  Fancy  Articles,  selected  by  agents  in  Paris. 

Strangers  visiting  the  city  must  not  fail  to  call.  Remember,  opposite  Barnum’s. 


The  acknowledged  reputation  of  R.  Q.  Taylor  for  politeness  and  making  good  Hats — 
indeed,  11  One  of  Taylor’s  best  ” has  become  a by- word — and  no  wonder,  his  best  he  sells  at 
$4,50.  His  motto  is — Advertising,  large  sales,  small  profits  and  quick  returns. — Editor. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


Average 


No.  of 

Value 

Average 

Monthly 

Value  ot 

Name  of  Business  oi^ 

Establish- 

Capital 

of  Raw 

Power 

Hands 

Cost  of 

Annual 

Manufacture. 

ments. 

Invested. 

Material. 

Employed.  Employed. 

Labor. 

Products. 

Printers,  lithographic,  &c. 

2.. 

..  9,600. 

3,750 

Hand 

20... 

..  700.. 

16,500 

...  1... 

..  10,000 

2,200 

8... 

. 300.. 

...  1... 

. . 5,000 

900 

it 

10.. 

1 130.. 

7,000 

Rail-road  machinery 

....  4.. 

..  81,500. 

37,541 

Steam 

187... 

..5,892.. 

136,550 

Regalia  makers 

3.. 

..  5,500. 

31,600 

Hand 

72... 

..  860.. 

50,500 

71.. 

..  90,195. 

90,834 

it 

285... 

,.6,920.. 

222,053 

1.. 

200. 

664 

it 

2.. 

..  64.. 

2,228 

Sail  makers 

....  24.. 

..  21,680. 

121,526 

<. 

112... 

..3,170.. 

211,530 

Screw-dock  company 

....  1... 

..  30,000. 

Steam 

15.. 

..  580.. 

15,000 

Ship  builders 

....  24.. 

..164,000. 

273,985 

Hand 

673... 

26,722.. 

832,100 

13.. 

..  14,220. 

32,155 

(< 

82... 

..3,207.. 

89,500 

“ smiths 

....  16.. 

..  17^600. 

23,738 

if 

..2,614.. 

91,700 

2.. 

..  8,600. 

5,500 

U 

16.. 

..  503., 

15,000 

Silversmiths,  jewelers  and 

watch  makers - -■ 

..  55,400. 

93,611 

li  ..... 

120... 

..4,124.. 

236,175 

Soap  and  candle  makers. 

(See  chandlers.] 

Soap-stone  quarries 

....  1.. 

..  4,700. 

if 

..  260., 

4,500 

«*  manufacturers. 

1.. 

..100,000. 

8,000 

Steam 

20.. 

..  720. 

20.000 

Steam-engine  makers 

2.. 

..125,000. 

66,279 

“ .... 

330.. 

.10,725. 

227,000 

Stone  cutters 

....  29.. 

..139,050 

112,425 

Hand 

283.. 

..9,340. 

278,364 

6.. 

..  6,000 

u 

65.. 

..1,620. 

49,850 

•••*- 

Stove  makers 

19.. 

..271,500 

320,875 

Steam 

413.. 

.12.259. 

665,000 

Sugar  refiners 

2.. 

..  62,000 

184,040 

“ 

19.. 

..  560. 

303,500 

Tanners 

....116.. 

..628,900 

725,612 

it 

479.. 

..8,034. 

...  1.103,139 

Tinners 

....  69.. 

..  91,325 

113,483 

Hand  .... 

253.. 

..6,628. 

262,117 

Turners 

8.. 

..  9,925. 

25,350 

Steam.... 

21.. 

..  586. 

Umbrella  makers 

7.. 

..  9,300. 

23,948 

Hand  .... 

50.. 

..  760. 

49,572 

Upholsterers 

14.. 

..  24,200. 

36,290 

“ 

76.. 

..1,557. 

78,160 

Varnish  malcprs  

1.. 

..  1,200 

1,378 

ff 

2.. 

..  80. 

3,400 

Vinecrar  maVfirs  , 

2.. 

350. 

2,365 

a 

3.. 

..  64 

4,090 

Weavers 

....  16.. 

..  8,396. 

22,416 

Looms.... 

37.. 

..  676. 

36,025 

Wheelwrights 

33.. 

..  10,675 

15,124 

Hand  .... 

85.. 

..1,804. 

51,029 

Whip  and  cane  makers . . 

3.. 

..  10,650 

16,650 

“ .... 

..  618. 

27,950 

White-lead  makers 

1.. 

..  25,000. 

24,000 

Steam . . . . 

20.. 

..  600. 

42,000 

White  and  lock  smiths. . . 

10., 

...  6,422 

7,721 

Hand  .... 

33.. 

..  895. 

27,900 

Wig  and  curl  makers  — . 

2.. 

..  5,800. 

4,450 

“ .... 

12.. 

..  172. 

8,000 

Wire-workers 

5.. 

..  ' 5,800. 

5,450 

it 

..  510. 

16,500 

Aggregate 

..3,708  $14,753,143 

$17,326,734 

30,124  $614,556 

$32,477,702 

Of  the  hands  employed  in  the  above  industrial  establishments,  22,641  were 
males  and  7,483  females.  The  principal  businesses  in  which  the  females  are  em- 
ployed are — boot  and  shoe  factories,  which  employ  634  ; clothing  establishments, 
which  employ  3,554 ; cotton  factories,  which  employ  2,035  ; and  millineries, 
which  employ  262  ; the  residue  of  the  aggregate  being  engaged  in  other  occupa- 
tions of  minor  importance,  but  chiefly  those  in  which  dress,  decorations,  and  fancy 
articles  are  manufactured.  The  monthly  cost  of  the  labor  of  the  average  number  of 
male  hands  employed  in  1850  was  $544,931,  or  about  $24  to  each  hand,  and  the 
monthly  cost  of  the  average  number  of  female  hands  employed  was  $69,625,  or 
about  $9  31  to  each  hand.  The  wages  paid  to  hands,  however,  necessarily  varies 
with  the  description  of  employment.  The  average  wages  of  a carpenter  is  about 
$1  25  a day.  Farm  hands  average,  with  board,  $7  88  a month ; a day-laborer, 
with  board,  earns  on  an  average  $0  49,  and  without  board,  an  average  of  $0  69 ; 
and  average  weekly  wages  to  a female  domestic,  with  board,  is  $0  89.  The 


■within  their  limits  ; yet  in  the  returns  of  the  newspaper  press,  (published  under  the  Census  Commissioner’s  name 
in  Livingston’s  Law  Register  for  1852,)  it  is  there  shown  that  in  the  counties  which  are  apparently  without 
printers  and  publishers,  there  are  no  less  than  32  newspapers  issued  from  no  less  than  24  several  towns  and  vil- 
lages. There  must  be  some  omission  here,  else  the  printers  of  Maryland  must  be  the  veritable  descendants  of 
Dr.  Faustus,  and  print  by  the  power  of  magic,  or  some  other  spiritnal  agency,  which  the  census  takers  could 
not  assess.  The  amount  of  capital  invested  therein,  the  raw  material  consumed,  or  the  annual  product  thereof, 
are  under  the  circumstances,  no  doubt,  purposely  omitted,  although  an  exposition  on  these  points  would  have 
been  very  interesting. 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


160 


CHARLES  H.  ROSS  & CO. 

IMPORTERS  AND  DEALERS  IN  FOREIGN  AND  DOMESTIC 

No.  20  Commerce  Street,  one  door  North  of  Pratt, 

[keep  constantly  in  store  and  united  states  bonded  warehouses, 

Cognac  Brandy,  “Hennessy,”  “ Otard,  Dupuy  & Co.,”  “Jean  Louis,” 
Dark  and  Pale.  Rochelle  Brandy,  “ A Seignette,  ” “Eugene  Robin,”  “ L. 
Durand  & Co.,”  Dark  and  Pale. 

HOLLAND  GIN,  IRISH  AND  SCOTCH  WHISKEY. 

W I N E S : 

Madeira,  Port,  Sherry,  Teneriffe,  Champagne  and  Claret ; Imitation  Sweet  Malaga  Wine. 
OLD  WHISKEY  OF  VARIOUS  QUALITIES, 

Some  very  superior  and  highly  improved  by  age,  to  which  we  particularly  invite  the  attention 
both  of  the  City  trade  and  Merchants  visiting  the  city. 

Domestic  Brandy  and  Gin,  N.  E.  Rum,  Rectified  Whiskey,  Aniseed,  Cinnamon  and  Peppermint  Cordials,  Pure 
and  Mild  Cherry  Brandy,  Pure  Blackberry  Brandy,  Old  Peach  and  Apple  Brandy. 

C.  C.  O’NEIL, 


DIN  ilKMIT 


AND  DEALER  IN  IMPORTED 

£B  IB  & S3  © 11 H 3 j ©BE}* 


SCOTCH 


IXULSIZ  'OTXXXSKJEI'S', 


London  Brown  Stout,  Scotch  Ales,  Domestic  Liquors,  Segars,  Country  Produce  generally, 

Choice  Groceries,  Teas,  &c. 

S.  E.  Corner  Howard  and  Pratt  Streets,  Near  B.  & 0.  R.  E.  Depot. 


Refers  to — Drakeley  k Fenton,  R.  Garret  k Sons,  C.  C.  Jamieson,  President  Bank  of  Bal- 
timore; Miller  k Mayhew,  Reynolds,  Smith  & Co.;  G.  R.  Gaither,  Esq.;  L.  B.  Banks,  Presi- 
dent U.  M.  Co.  Md. 


RICHARD  THOMPSON, 

143  Fayette  St.,  between  Howard  and  Park  Streets, 

MANUFACTURER  AND  DEALER  IN 

Coach,  Barouch  & Buggy  Lamps 

OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION, 

Patent,  Enameled  and  Colored  Canvas,  Oil  Cloth,  &c. 

Dasli,  Enameled  and  Collar  Leather;  Fellows,  Spokes,  Hubs  and  Bows,  Springs, 
Axles,  Carriage  and  Tire  Bolts;  Brass,  Silver  and  Malable  Bands ; Knobs, 
Nails,  Curtain  Frames,  Whip  Sockets,  &c. ; Malable  Castings 
of  every  description;  Coach,  Japan  and  Leather 
Varnish,  &c.,  wholesale  and  retail. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


average  price  of  board  to  laboring  men  is  $1  75  a week,  varying  from  $1  37  to 
$i 2 35  in  the  several  counties. 

In  regard  of  foreign  commerce  Maryland  ranks  fifth  or  sixth  among  the 
United  States.  Its  intercourse  is  chiefly  with  the  northern  German  ports,  the 
West  Indies,  and  South  America.  According  to  the  Report  of  the  Register  of 
the  U.  S.  Treasury  on  Commerce  and  Navigation,  for  the  year  ending  the  30th 
June,  1850,  the  exports  from  Baltimore  were  valued  at  $6,967,353,  and  the  im- 
ports to  $6,124,201,  of  which  the  following  are  the  details  : 

In  American  Vessels.  In  Foreign  Vessels.  Total. 

Exports — Domestic  produce $4,657,185 $1,932,296 $6,589,481 

“ Foreign  produce 250,861 127,011 377,872 

Total  exports $4,908,046 $2,059,307 $6,967,353 

Imports 5,529,682 594,519 6,124,201 

Aggregate  Exports  and  Imports $10,437,728 $2,653,826 $13,091,554 

The  character,  tonnage,  and  crews  of  the  shipping  employed  in  the  foreign  trade 
were  as  follows : 


CHARACTER. 

Vessels. 

CLEARED 

Tonnage. 

Crews. 

Vessels. 

— ENTERED- 
Tonnage. 

Crews. 

American 

....359... 

...  89,296 

..3,605. 

295... 

...70,427.. 

2,770 

Foreign 

...  37,523 

..1,670 

143... 

...29.161.. 

1,341 

Total 

....521... 

..5,275 

438 

99,588 

4,111 

The  total  amount  of  registered  shipping  owned  within  the  district  of  Baltimore 
was  67,061  tons  permanently  registered,  and  23,608  tons  temporarily  registered. 
The  tonnage  of  the  state  and  of  the  districts  to  which  it  belonged,  exclusive  of  the 
above,  was  as  follows : 


Licensed 

DISTRICT. 

Enrolled. 

(under  20  tons.) 

Total, 

Steam  Shipping. 

B altimore 

57,612.... 

...  58,349 

13,114 

Oxford 

12,066 

277 

...  12,343... 

— 

Vienna 

14,942 

536 

..  15,478... 

Snow  Hill 

9,226 



St.  Mary’s 

2,143 

— 

Town  Creek 

2,227 

. — 

. . . 2,227. . . 

— 

Annapolis 

24 

..  2,322... 

Total 

The  number  of  vessels  built  within  the  state,  in  the  year  1849-50,  was  150, 
with  a total  burden  of  15,964  tons:  of  which  were  built  in  Baltimore  16  ships,  5 
brigs,  41  schooners,  and  4 steamers,  in  the  aggregate  11,683  tons ; in  Oxford  31 
schooners  of  1,757  tons;  in  Vienna  27  schooners  of  1,533  tons,  and  in  Snow 
Hill  26  schooners  of  990  tons. 


Commerce  of  Maryland  from  1790  to  1850. 


Years.' 

Domestic. 

—EXTORTS- 

Foreign. 

Total.*  1MP0BTS* 

Years. 

Domestic. 

■EXPORTS 

Foreign. 

Total. 

IMPORTS* 

1791,$ 

— 

— 

$ 2,239,691$ 

— 

1803,.. 

..$3,707,040$  1,371,022$  5,078,062 

— 

1792, 

— 

— 

2,623,808 

— 

1804,. 

..  3,938,840 

5,213,099 

9,151,939 

— 

1793, 

— 

— 

3 665,056 

— 

1805,. 

..  3,408,543 

7,450,937 

10,859,480 

— 

1794, 

— 

— 

5,686,191 

— 

1806,. 

..  3,661,131 

10,919,774 

14,580,905 

— 

1795, 

— 

— 

5,811,380 

— 

1807,. 

. . 4,016,699 

10,282,285 

14,298,984 

— 

1796, 

— 

— 

9,201,315 

— 

1808,. 

. . 764,922 

1,956,184 

2,721,106 

— 

1797, 

— 

— 

9,811,380 

— 

1809,. 

..  2,570,957 

4,056,369 

6,627,326 

— 

1798, 

— 

— 

12,746,190 

— 

1810,. 

..  3,275,904 

3,213,114 

6,489,018 

— 

1799, 

— 

— 

16,299,609 



1811,. 

..  4,553,582 

2,280,405 

6,833,987 

— 

1800, 

— 

— 

12,264,331 



1812,. 

..  3,956,093 

1,929,886 

5,885,979 

1801, 

— 

— 

12,767,530 

— 

1813,. 

..  2,782,073 

1,005,792 

3,787,865 

— 

1802, 

— 

— 

7,914,225 

— 

1814,. 

. . 238,235 

10,199 

248,434 

* No  returns  of  the  value  of  imports  prior  to  1821. 


158 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


IN  BONDED  WAREHOUSES  OF  OUR  OWN  IMPORTATION, 

Cognac  Hrandies — “Otard,”  “Hennessy,”  “ Pinnett,”  “ Martell,”  &c. 

ESocbelle  Brandies — “ Seignette,”  “ Pellevoisinf  ’ “Durand  & Co,” 
&c.,  &c. 

Hollaed  Gin — “Grape/’  “Crown,”  “Imperial  Pear,”  &c.,  &c. 

Wines — Including  “Champagne,”  “Sherry,”  “Port,”  “Madeira,”  &c. 

AMERICAN  LIQUORS,  included  in  which  we  guarantee  the  finest  Stock  of 
Old  Rye  Whiskey  in  the  United  States,  ‘ ‘ Baker,”  ‘ ‘ J ounston  Martin,”  ‘ ‘ Pure 
Rye,”  “Extra  Superior,”  (Star  “Superior,”  and  “Monongahela.” 

Domestic  Brandy,  Gin,  Pure  Spirits,  Tuscaloosa  Extra,  Rectified  Whiskey,  Bit- 
ters, Imitation  Wine,  &c.  Ginger,  Raspberry,  Lavender  and  Wild  Cherry 
Brandy.  All  guaranteed  to  be  unsurpassed,  and  to  give  satisfaction  or  be 
taken  back. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


1850,  was  *207,  of  which  183  were  natives,  and  24  foreigners;  and  the  number  in 
prison  at  that  date,  undergoing  the  penalties  inflicted,  was  397,  of  which  325  were 
natives,  and  72  foreigners. 

The  provisions  for  education  in  Maryland,  though  by  no  means  sufficient  for  the 
amount  of  population  in  the  state,  are  still  very  respectable.  The  law  with  re- 
gard to  schools  has  been  recently  amended,  and  in  consonance  with  its  provi- 
sions the  counties  have  been  divided  into  school  districts,  in  which  it  is  ‘impera- 
tive on  the  inhabitants  to  establish  and  support  schools  for  a certain  period  in 
each  year.  Many  of  the  counties,  however,  have  not  yet  complied  with  the  law ; 
but  nevertheless  there  have  been  great  improvements  effected,  and  the  prospect  of 
future  efficiency  in  all  that  pertains  to  public  schools  is  very  promising.  The 
means  of  obtaining  education  in  this  state,  as  they  existed  on  1st  June,  1850,  are 
returned  in  the  census  as  follows  : 

Primary  and  Academies  and  Colleges  and 

Public  schools.  other  schools.  Universities. 

Number  of  establishments...... 923 174 12 

Number  of  teachers 1,104 427 95 

Number  of  scholars,  &c 34,467 7,759  1,112 

Total  annual  income $225,260 $206,430 $124,7 1 4 

Viz : income  from  endowment 2,959 12,365 

“ from  taxation 75,296 

“ from  public  funds 67,412 15,227 3,200 

“ from  other  sources 79,563 178,808 121,514 

The  whole  number  of  white  children  who  attended  school  within,  or  during 
any  part  of  the  year,  was  60,447,  of  which  32,214  were  males,  and  28,233  fe- 
males ;•  and  the  total  number  of  free  colored  children  was  1,616,  of  which  886 
were  males,  and  730  females.  Of  all  classes,  amounting  to  62,063,  those  of  liar 
tive  birth  numbered  60,386,  and  those  of  foreign  birth,  1,677. 

Of  those  classed  “ adults  who  cannot  read  and  write,”  the  whites  numbered 
20,815,  of  whom  8,557  were  males,  and  12,258  females,  and  the  free  colored 
numbered  21,062,  of  which  9,422  were  males,  and  11,640  females.  Of  the  total 
number  of  white  persons  in  this  class  17,364  were  native  born,  and  3,451 
foreigners. 

The  total  number  of  public  libraries  in  the  state  was  17,  containing  54,750 
volumes  ; private  libraries  325,  containing  222,455  volumes  ; school  libraries  8, 
containing  6,335  volumes;  Sunday  school  libraries  84,  containing  28,315  vol- 
umes; college  libraries  10,  containing  33,792  volumes ; and  church  libraries  5, 
containing  1,850;  volumes.  Total,  449  libraries,  and  347,497  volumes. 

The  statistics  of  the  public  press  of  the  state  present  the  following  generalities 
respecting  the  number  of  periodicals  published,  and  the  aggregate  number  of 
copies  printed  annually : 


Character. 

No. 

Circulation 
of  each  istue. 

Copies  annu- 
ally printed. 

Character. 

No. 

Copiee 

annually  printed. 

Religious 

6... 

...13,950.., 

....669,400 

Daily 

6 

15,806,500 

Political — whig 

....22... 

...19,172... 

..2,739,744 

Tri- Weekly 

4 

499,700 

li  democratic..,. 

....17... 

...12,465.. 

..1,457,180 

Weekly 

54 

Miscellaneous 

...20... 

...71,000... 

.14,654,000 

Semi-monthly 

1 

48,000 

Agricultural 

1... 

....6,000.. 

72,000 

Monthly 

Musical 

1... 

....1,000.. 

12,000 

_ 



Colonization 

1... 

700.., 

8,400 

Total 

Total 

..124,287... 

.19,612,724 

The  following  is  a detailed  list  of  the  newspapers  published  in  Maryland.  It 
is  not  given  in  the  official  census  sent  in  to  Congress  by  the  commissioner  ; but  it 
is  taken  from  the  list  of  newspapers  and  periodicals  furnished  to  and  published 
in  Livingston’s  Law  Register  for  1852,  by  the  “Hon.  J.  C.  G.  Kennedy,  of  the 
Census  Office,”  and  may  be  considered  as  officially  correct: 

21 


162 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


CiTa  TO  TT?  ITT?  ar>  st> 


WILLIAM  TOLAND, 

MANUFACTURER  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION  OF 

SAWS,  TROWELS,  &c. 

No.  85  Street 

ARTISTS,  PAINTERS  & DAGUERREOTYPIST^S  DEPOT. 


WILLIAM  A.  WISONG, 

Nio.  3 NOETIH  LIBERTY  STREET, 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL  DEALER  IN 

GLASS,  PAINTS  OILS,  VARNISHES,  BRUSHES, 

TURPENTINE,  ARTISTS’  MATERIALS, 

DAGUERREOTYPE  STOCK. 

\mwm9  OTSF  JkMD  W& MSBMB  ®3aMS» 

OP  iSNY  DESIGN  OR  PATTERN,  FURNISHED  TO  ORDER. 


BLAIS  & O O. 


AND  DEALERS  IN 

No.  9 EUTAW  HOUSE,  BALTIMORE  STREET. 

LONG  T <3  BJ  7 224  0 POUNDS. 

J.  B.  YOUH8S,  Agent. 
MOO  RE  & FIS  HER, 


MINERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 


AGENTS  FOR  CUMBERLAND  COAL. 

COAL  YARD  132  MONUMENT  STREET,  NEAR  ENSOR. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND, 


Name.  Town  and  Co.  Issued. 

Cumb.  Civilian Cumberland,  Alleg...YY .. 

Alleghanian “ “ “ .. 

Unionist “ ....  “ .. 

Md.  Republican.. Annapolis,  Anne  Ar...  “ .. 

Free  Press “ “ 11 

Howard  Gazette. .Ellicotts  Mills.  “ “ .. 


Balt.  Co.  Advocate Baltimore,  Balt...  “ . . 

Luth.  Chr.  Messenger. . . 

“ « ..S.  M.. 

Baltimore  Sun 

“ “ ....D.. 

do do 

, “ “ ....W.. 

do Clipper 

•» “ ...  D.. 

do do 

“ “ ....W.. 

Baltimore  American 

“ “ D ) 

do do 

“ “ .T.  W } 

do do 

do Patriot 

“ “ D ? 

do do 

“ “ .T.W  5 

Republican  and  Argus. 

“ “ D) 

“ “ .T.  W> 

“ “....W> 

do do 

do do 

German  Correspondent. 

“ “ D.. 

Baltimore  Herald 

“ “ .T.W.. 

American  Farmer 

“ “ 31. . 

Methodist  Protestant. . . 

“ “ ,...W.. 

Catholic  Mirror 

“ “ ....W.. 

Baltimore  Olio 

“ “ 31.. 

Colonization  Journal. .. 

“ “ 31.. 

Free  Union 

« “ ....W.. 

Lutheran  Observer 

“ “ ....W.. 

German  Catholic. ...... 

“ “ ....W.. 

Maryland  Reformer “ “ W.. 

Carrolltonian.  ..Westminster,  Carroll. . W.. 

Carroll  Co.  Democrat..  “ “ W.. 

Cecil  Whig Elkton,  Cecil.  .W.. 


Char,  Circ. 

Whig... 400 

Dem 405 

.Neut.  ..400 
Dem....  700 
. “ ....500 
Misc  ...550 

Rel.  .".2,000 
Neut. 30, 000 
“ .18,000 
“ ..8,000 
“ ..5,000 

Whig.  5,500 


“ ..4,200 

Dem.. 5, 000 

Indep.4,000 
Dem..  1,000 
Agri.  .6,000 
Rel...  3, 700 
Rel.. .1,500 
Mus..  1.000  ; 

Col’n 700  I 

Rel 750  j 

Rel... 4.000  ! 
Rel... 2, 000  ' 

Dem 800  , 

Whig... 700  ; 

Dem 400  • 

Whig... 500  | 


Name.  Town  and  Co.  Issued. . Char.  Circ. 

Cecil  Democrat Elkton,  Cecil. .W.. Dem... .500 

Port  Tobacco  Times.  ..Pt.  Tob.,  Chas.  ,W.  .Neut...  .300 

Denton  Journal Denton,  Caroline.  .W.. Liter 100 

Cam.  Chronicle Cambridge,  Dor.  .W.  .Whig..  .300 

do.. Democrat “ “ ..W..Dem — 360 

The  Star Frederick,  Fred.. W.. Liter..  200 

Banner  ofLiberty “ “ W.. Whig.. .600 

Catoctin  Whig, Catoctin,  “ W.  .Whig..  .500 

Examiner Frederick,  “ W. .Whig. . .150 

Frederick  Herald “ “ W. .Whig.. .600 

Republican  Citizen “ ....  “ ..,.W..Dem 800 

Emm’b’gStar Emmittsburg,  “ W..  Li  ter....  200 

Madisonian Hav.  de Grace,  Har.  .W..Dem  — 400 

Gazette Bel-Air,  “ ..  .W.  .Whig. . .300 

Republican “ “ ...W..Dem 300 

Kent  News Charlestown,  Kent.  .W . .Whig..  .500 

Maryland  Journal... Rockville,  Montg.  .W.  .Whig.. .600 
Marlboro’  Gazette. Up.  Marlbo.’  P.  Geo.  .W.  .Neut. . .500 

Cent,  Times Centreville,  Q.  Anne.-W . .Whig..  .400 

do. .Sentinel “ .....  “ ,...W..Dem 200 

Somerset  Herald Pr.  Anne,  Som.  .W.  .Whig..  .500 

Beacon Leonardtown,  St.  M«ry’s..W..Indep...300 

Easton  Gazette Easton,  Talbot.. W. .Whig.. .372 

do.. .Star “ “ W..Dem 400 

The  Odd-Fellow . ...Boonsboro’,  Wash.  .W . .Neut.  ..350 
Clear  Spring  Sentinel. Cl.  Spring,  “ ..  .W.  .Whig..  .450 

Hagerstown  News. Hagerstown,..  “ W .. Neut.  ..800 

Herald  of  Freedom “ “ ..  .W..  Whig..  .700 

Hagerstown  Mail “ “ ...W..Dem 800 

People’s  Own. ... .......  “ . . . W . .Neut. . . .500 

Torchlight “ “ ...W.. Whig.. .700 

Republican “ “ ...W..Dem 300 

Casket “ “ ...W.. Neut..  1,400 

Worcester  Shield...  .Snow  Hill,  Wore. . W.  .Whig..  .400 


D.  daily  ; W.  weekly ; T.  W.  tri-weekly  ; S.  31.  semi-monthly  ; and  M.  monthly. 


The  statistics  of  churches,  as  returned  in  the  census,  are  very  meagre.  From 
the  table  of  occupations,  (see  page  31,)  we  learn  that  the  whole  number  of  clergy- 
men is  430,  and  the  following  are  the  figures  relating  to  church  buildings,  church 
accommodation,  and  church  property : 


Character  or 

Number  of 

Aggregate 

Value  of 

Denomination. 

Churches. 

Accommodation. 

Property. 

Baptist 

45 

15,950 

$130,710 

Church  of  God, 

2 

1,700 

Covenanter 

t 

600. 

2,000 

Evangelical  Reformed 

40,000 

Friend  or  Quaker 

26 

114,050 

German  Reformed ..... . ...... .. 

22 

14,800 

197.800 

Jewish 

3 

1,400 

41,000 

Lutheran 

40 

247,950 

Mennonite 

Methodist ..... 

479 

181,715 

837,665 

Presbyterian 

56 

22, 635. 

376,300 

Protestant  Episcopal 

133 

60,105 

610,877 

Roman  Catholic 

65 

31,100 

Tunker 

8,400 

Union  or  Free 

Unitarian 

. L 

United  Brethren  (Moravian) 

12 

5,350 

32,500 

Universal!  st 

26,000 

"Wine  brennarian 

Total.... 

379,465 

The  following  statistics  are  taken  from  returns  published  by  the  several 
churches  about  the  year  1851. 

The  Baptist  Church  in  Maryland  consists  of  the  Regular  and  the  Anti-Mission 
Baptists:  the  Regular  church,  in  1850,  was  comprised  in  one  association,  and 
embraced  22  churches,  18  licensed  ministers,  and  2,004  members  ; and  the  Anti* 


* One  of  the  Roman  Catholic  churches,  the  cathedral  at  Baltimore,  has  property  reported  as  valued  a» 
$495,000.  . 


]04  BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


No.  147  Pratt  Street,  opposite  the  Maltby  House, 

Keep  constantly  on  hand  a general  assortment  of  Groceries,  Foreign  and  Domestic 
Liquors,  &c. , to  which  they  invite  the  attention  of  purchasers. 


STIFiZESIEJT,, 


JAMES  MONHOE,  PROPRIETOR. 


This  Hotel  i«  situated  in  Camden  street,  opposite  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  Depot.  The  House  ia 
new  and  splendidly  furnished  throughout,  and  is  central  in  its  location.  The  proprietor  pledges  himself  that 
every  effort  will  be  made  to  conduce  to  the.comfort  of  his  guests,  and  to  make  the  National  a desirable  sojourn 
for  the  traveler.  By  an  arrangement  with  the  great  Southern  and  Western  linen,  all  through  trains  will  stop 
at  the  National  Hotel,  giving  passengers  sufficient  time  to  get  their  meals.  Baggage  taken  to  the  House  free 
of  charge. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF' MARYLAND. 


Mission  church  was  comprised  in  two  associations,  and  embraced  23  churches, 
8 ordained  and  3 licensed  ministers. 

The  Methodist  Church  is  comprised  in  the  Conference  of  Baltimore,  and  in  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  North,  and  in  1850  embraced  253  traveling,  25  super- 
annuated, and  303  local  preachers,  and  68,855  church  members,  of  which  15,802 
were  colored  persons.  There  were  at  that  time  539  Sunday  schools  attached  to 
the  church,  with  7,112  teachers,  and  33,805  scholars. 

The  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  is  comprised  in  the  Diocese  of  Maryland, 
which  also  includes  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  consists  of  a bishop,  122  clergy- 
men, and  7,138  communicants.  It  has  also  connected  with  it  327  Sunday  school 
teachers,  and  2,167  scholars  ; a corporation  for  the  relief  of  thg  widows  and  chil- 
dren of  deceased  clergymen  ; a Prayer  Book,  Homily  and  Tract  Society,  and  the 
following  several  colleges  and  schools — College  of  St.  J ames,  near  Hagerstown ; 
St.  Timothy's  Hall,  Catonsville ; Patapsco  Female  Institute,  Ellicott  Mills ; 
Hannah  More  Academy  for  Girls  ; St.  John’s  Institute,  Mt.  Alban,  D.  C. ; St. 
Mary’s  Hall,  Baltimore,  and  Trinity  School,  Baltimore.  The  College  of  St. 
James  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  country,  and  has  a very  efficient  professional 
staff.  In  1850,  it  had  in  the  college  class  42  students;  and  in  the  grammar 
school  53. 

The  Roman  Catholic  Church  is  comprised  in  the  Arch-diocese  of  Baltimore, 
which  also  includes  the  District  of  Columbia.  This  is  the  oldest  see  in  the  United 
States. 

The  statistics  of  this  arch-diocese,  given  in  the  Catholic  Almanac  for  1850,  ex- 
hibits the  following  details  : Churches,  70  ; churches  building,  4;  chapels,  9 ; other 
stations,  10  ; clergymen,  on  the  mission,  57 ; clergymen  otherwise  employed,  46  ; 
Catholic  population  about  100,000  ; ecclesiastical  seminaries,  6 ; clerical  students, 
98 ; literary  institutions  for  young  men,  5 ; female  religious  institutions,  7 ; 
female  academies,  7 ; free  schools,  12 ; charitable  institutions,  orphan  asylums, 
&c.,  23.  The  Ecclesiastical  Seminaries  are  St.  Mary’s  Theological  Seminaries, 
under  charge  of  the  Sulpitians ; Mount  St.  Mary’s  Theological  Seminary, 
near  Emmittsburg ; the  Noviciate  of  the  Society  of  Jesus,  at  Frederick  City ; 
St.  Charles’  College,  near  Baltimore ; the  Seminary  and  Noviciate  of  the  Re- 
demptionists,  and  the  Congregation  'of  the  Mission,  near  Emmittsburg.  The 
Literary  Institutions  for  Young  Men , within  the  arch-diocese,  are — St.  Mary’s 
College,  at  Baltimore;  Georgetown  College,  D.  C. ; Mt.  St.  Mary’s  College,  near 
Emmittsburg ; St.  John’s  College,  Frederick  City,  and  Washington  Seminary, 
D.  C. ; and  the  Convents  and  Female  Academies  are — the  Convent  and  Academy 
of  the  Visitation,  at  Georgetown  ; the  Convent  and  Academy  of  the  Visitation,  at 
Baltimore  ; the  Convent  and  Academy  of  the  Visitation,  at  Washington,  D.  C. ; 
the  Convent  and  Academy  of  the  Visitation,  at  Frederick  City ; St.  Joseph’s 
Sisterhood  and  St.  Joseph’s  Academy,  near  Emmittsburg  ; the  Carmelite  Convent, 
and  Carmelite  Sisters’  Academy,  Baltimore ; the  Sisters  of  Notre  Dame.  Balti- 
more; St.  Vincent’s  School  for  Girls,  Baltimore;  St.  Peter’s  School  for  Girls, 
Baltimore ; and  the  School  for  Colored  Girls,  Baltimore. 

The  Universalist  Church  consists  of  three  societies,  and  has  three  meeting 
houses,  and  two  preachers.  The  census  'only  returns  one  church  (at  Baltimore) 
belonging  to  this  denomination,  but  the  U.  Almanac  for  1851,  reports  one  at  Elk- 
ton,  and  one  at  Woodboro’,  in  addition. 

With  these  returns  are  included  all  the  statistics  embraced  in  the  census,  and 
also  the  statistics  of  commerce ; and  here  might  be  concluded  this  general  ac- 
count of  the  state.  Since  the  taking  of  the  census,  however,  several  essential 
alterations,  as  before  intimated,  have  been  made  in  the  state  constitution,  and  in 
the  organization  of  the  government,  an  account  of  which  will  no  doubt  be  looked 
for  in  a work  of  this  description.  The  following  abstract  is  therefore  submitted : 


166 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


BROADWAY  SKYLIGHT 


SPLENDID  PICTURES  AT  MODERATE  PRICES! 

The  subscriber  having  been  for  some  time  past  under  the  tutorship  of  several  of  the  best  masters 
of  the  Daguerreian  Art,  has  now  opened  the  splendid  Sky-Light  Gallery, 

3^0.  133 

Satisfaction  guaranteed  in  every  instance.  Pictures  inserted  in  Lockets,  Breast  Pins,  Finger 
Bings,  <fec.  Likenesses  of  deceased  persons  taken  on  reasonable  terms. 

E.  BEAUHARNAIS  WHEEDON,  Proprietor. 

NATHANIEL  HOLMES,  Jr. 

I 7 

No.  210  Broadway,  Fell’s  Point,  opposite  Market  Space, 


If  <&  HOT® 


FOR  SALE,  WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL. 

A general  assortment  of  Toys.  Also,  Families  and  Parties  furnished  with  Ice  Cream,  Cakes 
and  other  refreshments,  at  short  notice.  Orders  respectfully  solicited. 

DOCTOR  JOHN  M.  WILLIAMS, 

26  SOUTH  BROADWAY, 

Known  as  the  old  Doctor  Williams,  the  founder  of  the  Thomsonian  System  of 

Medicine  in  Baltimore. 


DAVID  R.  GREVES, 


®L 


* 


172  BROADWAY,  OPPOSITE  THE  SAHE, 

A good  assortment  of  articles  in  his  line  always  on  hand,  cheap  for  cash, 

W IK  OLES  AY  3L  E AY  IN'  D RETAIL. 

ORDERS  SOLICITED. 


LEVI  *T  A T^/rTFTgjCg. 


& 


158  T !EI  JS  STREET. 


My  reputation  as  a Boat  Builder,  in  all  its  variety,  is  well  and  widely  known.  Orders 
may  be  left  with  any  shipping  merchants  in  the  city,  or  sent  by  mail  for  Boat  Oars  of  all  kinds. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND.  • 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CONSTITUTION  OF  MARYLAND. 

Done  in  Convention  13 th  May , 1851 — Ratified  by  the  People  4th  June , 1851 — 
Went  into  operation  4tli  July , ]851. 

Every  free  white  male  citizen  of  the  United  States,  21  years  of  age,  resident 
in  the  state  one  year,  and  in  the  county,  town,  or  city,  where  he  offers  to  vote, 
for  six  months  next  preceding  the  election,  may  vote.  Citizens  removing  to 
another  town  or  city  shall  be  allowed  to  vote  in  the  place  they  have  left,  until 
they  have  acquired  a residence  in  the  place  to  which  they  have  removed.  Per- 
sons convicted  of  giving  or  receiving  bribes,  and  persons  knowingly  casting  illegal 
votes,  shall  be  forever  disqualified  to  hold  any  office  of  profit  or  trust,  or  to  vote 
at  any  election  thereafter ; and  in  addition  hereto  laws  shall  be  passed  to  punish 
them  with  fine  and  imprisonment,  No  citizen  convicted  of  larceny  or  other  in- 
famous crime,  unless  pardoned,  and  no  lunatic  or  non  compos,  can  vote. 

A Governor  shall  be  chosen  on  the  1st  Wednesday  in  November,  by  a plurality 
of  votes,  and  his  term  shall  commence  on  the  2d  Wednesday  in  January  following, 
and  shall  continue  4 years.  He  must  be  30  years  of  age,  a citizen  of  the  United 
States,  and  a resident  of  the  state  for  the  5 years  next  preceding  his  election,  and 
3 years  a resident  of  the  district  from  which  he  is  elected.  The  state  shall  be 
divided  into  3 districts,*  and  the  Governor  shall  be  elected  from  each  district  suc- 
cessively. He  shall  reside  during  his  term  at  the  seat  of  government,  and  have 
the  annual  salary  of  $3,600.  He  may  grant  pardons,  but  not  until  after  a publi- 
cation in  the  newspapers  of  the  applications  made  therefor,  and  of  the  day  when 
the  hearing  will  be  had,  and  he  shall  report  every  case  to  the  legislature.  In  case 
of  vacancy,  the  President  of  the  Senate,  and,  after  him,  the  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Delegates,  shall  act  as  Governor,  until  an  election  by  the  people.  A Secretary 
of  State  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Governor,  to  hold  office  during  his  own  term, 
at  an  annual  salary  of  $1,000.  The  Governor  shall  semi-annually,  or  oftener,  ex- 
amine the  accounts  of  the  State  Treasurer  and  Controller.  He  may  employ 
counsel,  when  necessary.  He  may  appoint  the  Adjutant-General,  with  the  con- 
sent of  the  Senate,  to  hold  office  for  six  years. 

Senators,  22  in  number,  are  chosen  one  from  each  county  and  Baltimore  city, 
and  hold  office  for  four  years.  They  must  be  citizens  of  the  United  States, 
25  years  of  age,  residents  of  the  state  for  three  years  next  preceding  the  election, 
and  the  last  year,  of  the  district.  They  shall  be  divided  into  two  classes  ; the  first 
shall  vacate  their  seats  in  two  years,  and  the  second  in  four  years,  and  afterwards 
one-half  shall  be  chosen  every  two  years.  Delegates,  not  more  than  80  nor  less 
than  65  in  number,  shall  be  chosen  for  two  years,  from  single  districts.  They 
must  be  citizens  of  the  United  States,  21  years  of  age,  3 years  next  preceding  the 
election  residents  of  the  state,  and  the  last  year  thereof  of  the  district.  After  the 
returns  of  each  federal  census  are  published,  commencing  with  that  of  1860,  the 
Assembly  shall  re-apportion  the  delegates  according  to  population,  but  Baltimore 
city  shall  always  have  four  delegates  more  than  the  most  populous  county,  and  no 
county  shall  have  less  than  two  members.  Members  shall  be  paid  $4  per  diem, 
and  mileage.  The  presiding  officer  of  each  house  shall  be  allowed  an  addition  of 
$1  per  diem.  After  the  first  two  sessions  under  the  new  constitution,  no  session 
shall  continue  longer  than  the  10th  of  March.  Any  five  may  call  for  the  yeas  and 
nays  on  any  question,  in  the  House  of  Delegates,  and  one,  in  the  Senate.  Teach- 
ers of  religion,  and  those  holding  offices  of  profit  under  the  state  or  the  United 

* Gubernatorial  Districts. — First.  St.  Mary,  Charles,  Calvert,  Prince  George,  Anne- Arundel,  Mont- 
gomery, Howard,  and  Baltimore  City.  2d.  The  eight  counties  of  the  Eastern  Shore.  3d.  Baltimore, 
Harford,  Frederick,  Washington,  Alleghany,  Carroll. 


168 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


GAEHLB  OO. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 


SQUARE 


"W  ASEEOOMS, 

N.  E.  Corner  of  Eutaw  and  Fayette  Streets, 


Would  respectfully  call  the  attention  of  purchasers  to  their  Stock  of  Grand  and 
Square  Pianos  ; also  to  their  improved  CROSS-STRING  PIANOS,  which 
combine  not  only  great  power  and  volume,  but  also  a richness  of  tone  unsurpassa- 
ble by  any  other  maker.  Having  been  connected  for  the  last  15  years  with  the 
Manufacture  of  Pianos,  and  superintended  their  construction  at  the  late  establish- 
ment of  Knabe  & Gsehle,  whose  Pianos  are  so  widely  celebrated,  we  deem  it  un- 
necessary to  say  more.  All  Pianos  of  our  Manufactory  are  furnished  with  full 
iron  frames,  which,  combined  with  the  best  seasoned  materials  and  superior  work- 
manship, give  them  the  best  strength  and  durability  adapted  to  every  climate.  All 
our  Pianos  are  warranted  for  five  years,  and  a privilege  of  exchange  granted  within 
six  months  from  day  of  sale.  Particular  attention  paid  to  the  selection  of  Pianos 
on  distant  orders.  Terms  and  prices  moderate. 

N.  E.  CORNER  OF  EUTAW  AND  FAYETTE  STREETS. 


Not  opposite  the  Eutaw  House — the  firm  of  Knabe  & Gaehle,  opposite  the  Eu- 
taw House,  is  dissolved  since  June  16th,  1855. 

Messrs.  Gaehle  & Co.  have  acquired  an  enviable  reputation,  and  that  very  justly,  for 
the  beautiful  style  and  excellent  tone  of  all  Instruments  turned  out  of  their  extensive  Estab- 
lishment.— Editor. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


States,  except  justices  of  the  peace,  are  ineligible  to  the  Assembly.  The  members 
of  each  House  shall  have  the  usual  exemption  from  arrest,  and  freedom  of  speech. 
Two-thirds  of  each  House  may  expel  a member,  but  no  member  shall  be  expelled 
twice  for  the  same  offence.  After  1854  the  sessions  of  the  legislature  shall  be  bi- 
ennial. At  the  first  session  after  the  adoption  of  the  constitution,  the  legislature 
shall  appoint  two  commissioners  to  revise  and  codify  the  laws  of  the  state,  and 
one  or  more  to  revise  and  simplify  the  practice,  form  of  pleading  and  of  convey- 
ancing. No  bill  shall  become  a law,  unless  passed  by  a majority  of  all  the  mem- 
bers elected,  and  on  its  final  passage  the  ayes  and  noes  be  recorded.  No  law  shall 
take  effect  until  the  1st  of  June  after  the  session  when  it  was  passed.  No  law  shall  be 
passed  creating  the  office  of  Attorney-General.  Persons  in  any  way  engaged  in  any 
duel  shall  be  forever  incapable  from  holding  any  office  of  honor  or  trust  in  the 
state.  Holders  of  public  money  are  ineligible  to  any  office  of  profit  or  trust,  until 
they  pay  the  same  into  the  Treasury.  The  Assembly  shall  pass  laws  to  protect 
and  secure  the  property  of  married  women.  Imprisonment  for  debt  is  abolished, 
and  the  legislature  shall  exempt  a reasonable  amount  of  a debtor’s  property,  not 
exceeding  $500,  from  execution.  The  relation  of  master  and  slave,  as  now  exist- 
ing, shall  not  be  altered  by  the  legislature.  No  bank  shall  be  established,  except 
with  the  individual  liability  of  the  stockholders  to  the  extent  of  their  shares.  Cor- 
porations may  be  formed  under  general  laws,  but  shall  not  be  created  by  special 
acts,  except  for  municipal  purposes  and  in  other  special  cases.  Private  property 
shall  not  be  taken  for  public  use,  unless  compensation  is  first  paid  or  tendered. 
The  rate  of  interest  shall  not  exceed  six  per  cent,  per  annum.  In  all  criminal 
cases  the  jury  shall  be  judges  of  the  law  as  well  as  facts.  All  officers,  except  the 
Governor,  whose  pay  exceeds  $3,000  per  annum,  shall  account  for  the  excess  on 
oath. 

There  shall  be  a Court  of  Appeals,  with  appellate  jurisdiction  only,  the  judges 
whereof,  four  in  number,  shall  be  elected  from  districts*  by  the  voters  therein,  for 
ten  years,  unless  they  shall  before  reach  the  age  of  70.  They  must  be  above 
30  years  of  age,  citizens  of  the.  state  at  least  5 years,  residents  of  the  judicial  dis- 
tricts from  which  they  are  elected,  and  have  been  admitted  to  practice  in  the  state. 
The  Court  of  Appeals  shall  appoint  its  own  clerk,  to  hold  office  for  six  years,  and 
who  may  be  re-appointed  at  the  end  thereof.  When  any  judge  of  any  court  is  in- 
terested in  a case  or  connected  with  any  of  the  parties  by  affinity  or  consan- 
guinity within  the  proscribed  degrees,  the  Governor  may  commission  the  requisite 
number  of  persons,  learned  in  the  law,  for  the  trial  and  determination  of  the  case. 
The  Governor,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  shall  designate  one  of  the 
four  judges  elected  as  chief  justice.  The  present  Chancellor  and  Register  in 
Chancery  shall  continue  in  office  until  July  4,  1853,  when  their  offices  shall  be 
abolished.  No  new  business  shall  be  done  in  said  court.  The  state  shall  be 
divided  into  8 judicial  circuits,!  each  of  which  shall  elect  a judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court  for  10  years.  The  qualifications  of  the  judges  shall  be  the  same  as  those  of 
the  Court  of  Appeals,  except  that  they  must  be  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and 
residents  for  two  years  in  their  judicial  district.  Clerks  of  the  Circuit  Court  shall 
be  elected  in  each  county  by  the  qualified  voters  for  six  years.  There  shall  be 
in  the  city  of  Baltimore  a Court  of  Common  Pleas,  with  jurisdiction  in  civil  cases 
between  $100  and  $500,  and  exclusive  jurisdiction  in  appeals  from  justices  of  the 
peace  in  that  city  ; and  a Superior  Court,  with  jurisdiction  in  cases  over  $500. 
Each  of  these  courts  shall  consist  of  one  judge,  elected  by  the  people  for  10  years, 

* Judicial  Districts  for  Court  of  Appeals. — First.  Alleghany,  Washington,  F ederick,  Carroll,  Balti- 
more. Harford.  2 d.  Montgomery,  Howard,  Anne-Arundel,  Calvert,  St.  Mary,  Charles,  Prince  George. 
3d.  Baltimore  City.  4 th.  Cecil,  Kent,  Gueen  Anne,  Talbot,  Caroline,  Dorchester,  Somerset,  Worcester. 

t Judicial  Circuits. — First.  St.  Mary,  Charles,  Prince  George.  2d.  Anne-Arundel,  Howard,  Mont- 
gomery, Calvert.  3d.  Frederick,  Carroll.  4th.  Washington.  Alleghany.  5 th.  Baltimore  City-  6 th.  Bal- 
timore, Harford,  Cecil.  1th.  Kent,  Gueen  Anne,  Talbot,  Caroline.  8 tk.  Dorchester,  Somerset,  Wor- 
cester. 


22 


170 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


GEO.  W.  WEBB, 


AT  THE  OLD  ESTABLISHED  STAND, 


S.  E,  CORNER  BALTIMORE  AND  CHARLES  STREETS, 


IMPORTER,  MANUFACTURER  AND  DEALER  IN 


AND  FINE  FANCY  ARTICLES. 


Every  attention  paid  to  neatness  and  durability  in  the  manufacture  and  repair 

of  Jewelry. 

HAIR  PLAITING  IN  ALL  ITS  VARIETIES. 

Fine  Watches  repaired  by  experienced  workmen.  Purchasers  may  rely  upon 
getting  goods  of  such  quality  as  represented. 

JS3?  Orders  attended  to  with  fidelity  and  dispatch. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


with  a salary  of  $2,500  per  annum.  There  shall  also  be  a Criminal  Court,  consist- 
ing ot*  one  judge,  elected  for  six  years,  with  a salary  of  $2,000.  Clerks  of  the 
Circuit  Courts  in  each  county,  and  of  the  Baltimore  Courts,  are  chosen  for  six  years, 
and  are  re-eligible.  There  shall  be  elected  in  each  county,  and  in  Baltimore  city, 
three  persons  as  judges  of  the  Orphans’  Court,  for  four  years,  and  a Register  of 
Wills  for  6 years,  and  justices  of  the  peace  and  constables  for  two  years.  Two 
sheriffs  shall  be  elected  in  each  county,  and  in  the  city  of  Baltimore,  for  the  term 
of  2 years,  who  shall  be  ineligible  for  the  2 years  next  succeeding,  one  of  whom 
the  Governor  shall  commission  as  sheriff,  and  the  other  shall  act  when  the  first  is 
absent  or  disqualified.  Sheriffs  must  be  residents  of  the  counties  from  which  they 
are  chosen,  citizens  of  the  state  5 years  preceding  the  election,  and  above  21  years 
of  age.  Attorneys  for  the  commonwealth  shall  be  chosen  in  each  county  by  the 
people,  for  4 years.  They  must  have  been  admitted  to  practice  law  in  the  state, 
and  residents  in  their  county  for  one  year.  A Controller  shall  be  chosen  by  the 
people  at  each  election  of  delegates,  and  a Treasurer  shall  be  appointed  by  a joint 
vote  of  the  legislature.  Each  shall  have  an  annual  salary  of  $2,500,  and  shall 
keep  their  offices  at  the  seat  of  government.  Four  Commissioners  of  Public 
Works  shall  be  chosen  by  the  people,  one  from  each  of  the  four  districts*  into 
which  the  state  shall  be  divided  for  the  purpose.  They  must  have  been  residents 
of  their  districts  for  5 years  before  their  election.  They  shall  be  so  classified  that 
two  shall  be  elected  every  2 years.  While  the  lottery  system  continues,  a 
Commissioner  of  Lotteries  shall  be  chosen  for  two  years.  After  April  1,  1859, 
no  lottery  scheme  shall  be  drawn,  nor  ticket  sold.  A Commissioner  of  the  Land- 
Office  shall  be  elected  by  the  people  for  6 years,  to  act  also  as  Register.  A State 
Librarian  shall  be  chosen  by  the  joint  vote  of  the  two  branches  of  the  legislature 
for  2 years,  with  a salary  of  $1,000  per  annum.  County  officers  shall  be  elected 
by  the  people. 

No  debt  shall  be  contracted  exceeding  $100,000,  nor  unless  the  act  creating  it 
shall  provide  for  a tax  sufficient  to  pay  the  interest  as  it  falls  due,  and  the  principal 
in  15  years.  Such  taxes  shall  not  be  repealed  or  applied  to  any  other  purpose. 
The  credit  of  the  state  shall  never  be  given  or  lent,  nor  shall  the  state  be  in  any 
way  concerned  in  internal  improvements.  The  moneys  levied  to  pay  the  public 
debt  shall  never  be  diverted  until  the  debt  is  paid,  or  until  the  sinking  fund  equals 
the  outstanding  debt. 

At  its  first  session  after  every  federal  census,  the  legislature  shall  pass  a law  to 
ascertain  the  sense  of  the  people  in  regard  to  calling  a convention  to  revise  the 
constitution ; and  if  a majority  vote  therefor,  a convention  shall  be  called  at  the 
earliest  convenient  day  ; the  delegates  to  be  elected  by  the  several  counties  and 
the  city  of  Baltimore  in  proportion  to  their  representation  at  the  time  when  the 
convention  may  be  called. 

FINANCES  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 

Amount  of  nominal  debt,  December  1,  1850 $15,424,381  46 

Deduct  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Rail-road  loan $3,266,000  00 

“ Tobacco  loan 163,689  67 

“ Susquehanna  and  Tide-water  Canals  loan 1,000,000  00 

4,463,689  67 

Leaves  debt,  the  interest  on  which  is  to  be  provided  for  by  taxation $10,960,691  79 

The  Sinking  Fund,  Dec.  1,  1850,  was  $2,000,726,  which  has  since  increased 
and  which  must  be  deducted  from  the  above  debt  to  get  the  present  actual 
liabilities  of  the  state.  To  meet  these  liabilities,  in  addition  to  the  proceeds  of  ' 

* The  districts  for  the  election  of  the  Commissioner  of  Public  Works  are  the  same  as  the  Judicial  Dis^ 
tricts  for  Court  of  Appeals. 


172 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


ALEX.  L.  SPEAR, 

IMPORTER,  MANUFACTURER 

AND  DEALER  IN  ALL  KINDS  OP 

m 

FINE  JEWELRY  AND  SILVER  WARE, 

No.  66  Baltimore  Street,  one  door  East  of  Gay* 


JEST  Hair  work  neatly  done.  Watches  carefully  repaired. 

O.  KIDD 

il)  [£ 


9 

M (II  iTl  /A 


No.16  BO  WB  Y’S  W ECA.BF* 


PARTICULAR  ATTENTION  PAID  TO  THE  SALE  OP 

NAVAL  STORES,  LUMBER,  8co. 

COTTON  .A.  1ST  ID  RICE. 


GEORGE  W.  LEAGUE  & CO. 


IMPORTERS  OIF 


FOREIGN  AND  DOMESTIC  LIQUORS, 

Wines,  Cordials,  Teas,  Segars,  &c. 

S.  E.  Corner  of  Pratt  Street  and  McElderry’s  Wharf. 

ROBERT  FOWLER.  F.  K.  ZEIGLER. 

FOWLER  & ZEIGLER, 

llottrimii  ®?n?rnl  CnimttisBion  Jfterrljanta, 

3STO-  ©3  SOUTH  CHARLES  STREET. 


BFE  R E IV  C E 


Hox.  JAMES  D.  ROMAN,  Pres’t  nagerstown  Bank. 
Hon.  JUDGE  WEISEL,  Pres’t  Wash.  County  Bank. 
WILLIAM  B.  CLARKE,  Esq.,  Baltimore. 


DR.  A.  C.  HAMMOND,  Berkeley  county,  Virginia 


LEVI  EASTON,  Esq.,  Baltimore. 

G.  W.  ZEIGLER  Esq.,  Greencastle,  Pennsylvania. 
HENRY  FUNK,  Esq.,  near  Waynesborough,  Pa. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


the  annual  tax,  the  state  has  $5,341,801  84  of  productive  property,  consisting  of 
stocks,  bonds,  &c.,  and  $15,910,013  17  of  unproductive  property. 


Principal  Items  of  Expenditure. 


Annapolis  and  Elk  Ridge  Railroad $3,950  83 

Civil  officers 14,614  97 

Colleges,  academies,  and  schools 21,899  00 

Indigent  deaf  and  dumb. 2,340  50 

Judiciary 38,813  50 

Legislature 56,636  01 

Militia 1,100  00 

Penitentiary .....30,000  00 

Pensions — 5.679  68 

Surplus  revenue.......... 34,069  36 

State  Colonization 10,000  00 

Interest  on  public  debt 690,846  36 

Redemption  of  funded  arrears  of  interest.  500,509  09 

State  tobacco  inspection  and  warehouses. ..21, 961  77 

Contingent  expenses 9,333  49 

Miscellaneous  expenses 21,172  94 

Chief  Sources  of  Income . 

Auction  duties  and  licenses $25,635  44 

Railroads 129,840  30 


Balance  in  treasury,  December  1st,  1849 
Receipts  for  the  year. 

Total 

Expenditures  for  the  year 

Balance  in  treasury,  December  1st,  1850.. 


Bank  dividends  and  bonus..... ....  ....$37,356  06 

Fines  and  forfeitures 5,032  36 

Licenses  by  county  clerks ...127,835  02 

Road  stock  dividends 46,490  00 

Stamps 52,579  75 

Lotteries  and  stamps  on  lottery  tickets 38,633  82 

Canal  Companies 67,000  00 

Direct  tax 438,036  38 

Taxes  on 

State  and  city  of  Baltimore  stocks 46,386  24 

Collateral  inheritances. 23,060  73 

Commissions  of  executors  and  admin’rs.  29,166  26 

Commissions  of  trustees 5,289  26 

Foreign  insurances 7,484  87 

Policies  of  insurance 6,056  00 

Protests 4,923  00 

Certain  officers 10,551  56 

Civil  commissions 7,221  80 

Incorporated  institutions 25,870  59 

Tax  for  colonization 8,668  04 

State  tobacco  inspector  in  Baltimore 51,519  93 


$484,892  96 
1,227,986  24 


$1,712,879  20 
1,467,470  36 


$245,408  84 


Since  the  last  annual  report  of  the  Treasurer,  (December,  1850,)  the  balance  of 
funded  arrears  of  interest  has  been  entirely  paid  off,  and  the  principal  of  the  debt 
now  existing  is  the  same  as  it  was  in  1846.  It  will  be  remembered  by  those  con- 
versant with  the  subject,  that  in  the  winter  of  1846-47,  the  legislature  of  Mary- 
land passed  a law  for  the  resumption  of  the  regular  payment  of  interest  on  the 
state  debt  on  the  1st  of  January,  1848.  There  had  been  a suspension  for  several 
years,  and  arrears  of  interest  amounting  to  about  $900,000  had  accumulated.  In 
order  to  resume  payment  of  interest  the  arrears  were  funded  in  a six  per  cent, 
stock,  redeemable  at  the  pleasure  of  the  state.  Those  arrears  and  the  stock  in 
which  they  were  funded,  have  been  paid  off  or  redeemed,  principal  and  interest ; 
and  all  surpluses  are  now  to  be  devoted  to  the  extinction  of  the  original  debt. 
The  amount  of  the  sinking  fund  on  the  1st  of  December,  1850,  is  shown  by  the 
Treasurer’s  report  of  that  date,  since  then*  it  has  been  increased  by  about 
$100,000.  If  the  taxes  are  not  diminished  by  the  legislature  within  a few  years, 
the  whole  debt  will  be  absorbed.  The  returns  to  the  State  Treasury  from  internal 
improvement  companies  are  very  favorable,  and  they  must  greatly  increase  with 
the  progress  of  the  different  works,  whilst  the  state,  under  the  new  constitution, 
can  incur  no  new  liability.  The  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal  is  now  finished,  and 
it  is  to  be  hoped  that  under  judicious  management  it  may  yield  the  State  Trea- 
sury some  slight  return  for  the  millions  she  has  spent  upon  its  construction.  The 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  will  be  finished  to  the  Ohio  River  in  a year  and  a 
half,  and  that  work,  already  paying  the  state  a large  interest  on  her  investment, 
will  then  supply  a still  increasing  revenue,  besides  its  indirect  influence  upon  the 
Treasury  of  the  state,  by  the  advance  of  the,  state,  and  of  the  city  of  Baltimore 
especially,  in  wealth  and  resources.  The  history  of  her  finances  since  the  resump- 
tion bill  passed  is  very  gratifying  to  the  pride  of  the  state,  and  her  credit  now 
stands  deservedly  high. 

The  new  constitution  has  effected  a great  improvement  in  the  organization  of 
the  Treasury  department,  and  has  supplied  checks  which  add  greatly  to  the  ef- 
ficient collection,  the  security  and  proper  application  of  the  funds  of  the  state. 

• To  October  1, 1851. 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


174 

CHARLES  RICE.  THOMAS  NORRIS. 

BICE  & NORRIS, 

MANUFACTURERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 

AGRICULTURAL  IMPLEMENTS, 

MACHINES,  SEEDS,  &c. 

J^ents  fax  f wring's  Snririririr  faftnt  fra  anA  §«rglsr  $ tad  Mm, 

Warehouse  Nos,  46  and  48  Light  Street,  near  Pratt, 


CHARLES  BLAKE, 


JEWELRY  AND  FANCY  GOODS, 


WH  J^lsTJD  RETAIL, 

No.  217  BALTIMORE  STREET. 

A5T  Clocks  and  Watches  repaired. 

JOHN  RICHARDS, 

(LATE  R.  H.  SMITH,) 

IMPORTER  AND  DEALER  IN 

Cjjimkltra, 

PENDANTS, 

BRACKETS,  &c. 

No,  274  West  Baltimore  Street, 


SOLE  AGENT  FOR  KIDDER’S  PATENT  GAS  REGULATORS. 

Gas  Pipe  introduced  by  experienced  workmen,  and  warranted. 

N.  B. — All  Goods  sold  by  me  guaranteed  to  be  as  represented. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


GOVERNORS  OF  MARYLAND. 


1. — Under  the  Proprietary  and  Royal  Government . 


Leonard  Calvert Appointed  1637 

Thomas  Green do  1647 

William  Stone do  1649 

Parliamentary  Commissioners. ...  1654 

Josiah  Fendall Appointed  1658 

Philip  Calvert do  1660 

Charles  Calvert do  1662 

Lord  Baltimore Proprietor  1675 

Thomas  Notley Appointed  1678 

Lord  Baltimore Proprietor  1681 

Lionel  Copley Appointed  1692 

Francis  Nicholson do  1694 

In  the  hands  of  the  Crown 1697 

Nathaniel  Blackstone Appointed  1699 


Thomas  Tench. .. 
John  Seymour. . . 
Edward  Lloyd. . . 

John  Hart 

Charles  Calvert.. 
Benedict  Calvert. 
Lord  Baltimore.. 
Samuel  Ogle.... 
Thomas  Bladen.. 
SamuelOgle...., 
Benjamin  Tasker. 
Horatio  Sharpe.. 

Robert  Eden 

Robert  Eden 


.President 
Appointed 
. President 
. Appointed 
. do 

do 

. Proprietor 
. Appointed 
do 

. do 

. President 
. Appointed 
. do 

. do 


2. — Under  the  Constitution. 


Thomas  Johnson 

1777 

Thomas  Sim  Lee  

1779 

William  Paca 

do 

1782 

William  Smallwood 

1785 

John  Eager  Howard 

1788 

George  Plater 

1792 

Thomas  Sim  Lee 

1792 

John  Haskens  Stone 

1794 

John  Henry 

1797 

Benjamin  Ogle  

1798 

John  Francis  Mercer 

1801 

Robert  Bowie 

1803 

Robert  Wright 

1805 

Edward  Lloyd 

1809 

Robert  Bowie 

1811 

Levin  Winder 

1812 

C.  Ridgley,  of  Hampton 

1815 

C.  W.  Golasborough Elected 

Samuel  Sprigg do 

Samuel  Stevens.... . do 

Joseph  Kent...... do 

Daniel  Martin do 

T.  K.  Carroll do 

Daniel  Martin do 

George  Howard Act’g  Gov. 

George  Howard Elected 

James  Thomas.^. do 

Thomas  W.  Veasey do 

William  Grason do 

Francis  Thomas do 

Thomas  G.  Pratt do 

Philip  F.  Thomas do 

Enoch  Louis  Lowe.... do 


1703 

1704 
1704 
1714 
1720 
172V 
1733 
1737 
1742 
1747 
1751 
1753 
1769 
1773 


1818 

1819 

1822 

1826 

1829 

1830 

1831 
1831 
1S32 
1833 
1836 
1838 
1841 
1844 
1848 
1851 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


176 


GEORGE  CHIPMAN, 

Corner  of  Calvert  and  Lombard  Streets, 

WHOLESALE  ZDE^AI^EiR,  I IDT 


MATS,  CORDAGE, 

Wl^lSs 


MATCHES,  BLACKING, 

Wil*S*®W  WAJ8JB,  &#, 

^A-DsTID  nMC^fAISrXTH^ACTTTHlEHl  OF 

BROOMS,  CEDAR  WARE  AND  BRUSHES. 

Above  will  be  seen  an  excellent  list  of  most  valuable  house-keeping  arti- 
cles ; but  it  is  only  the  shadow  of  the  immense  stock  kept  by  George  Chipman  of 
useful  ware,  which  he  sells  wholesale  at  prices  suiting  his  numerous  customers, 
and  always  having  a few  left  of  the  same  sort,  he  will  be  happy  to  serve  others  on 
the  same  terms.  We  have  been  told  several  times  that  Chipman’s  Brooms  are  the 
best  in  the  market.  Call  and  see  him  and  be  satisfied. — Editor. 


GAZETTEER 


OF  THE 


STATE  OF  MARYLAND. 


ABI 


ALL 


Abingdon,  p.  v.,  Harford  co.  Situate  on 
the  w.  side  of  Bush  r.,  6 m.  s.  of  Bel- Air,  and 
52  n.n.e.  of  Annapolis. 

Accident,  p.  o.,  Alleghany  co.  Situate  on 
the  e.  side  of  Youghiogeny  r.,  2 m.  below  the 
line  of  Pennsylvania ; 38  m.  w.  of  Cumber- 
land, and  204  w.n.w.  of  Annapolis. 

Adamstown,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situate 


on  w.  side  of  Monocacy  r.,  6 m.  n.  of  Fred- 
erick City,  and  81  n.w.  of  Annapolis. 

Allaway  Creek,  Carroll  co.  A tributary 
of  Monocacy  r.  from  the  e.,  into  which  it  falls 
about  two  miles  s.  of  the  Pennsylvania  line. 

Alleghany  Company’s  Mines,  Alleghany 
co.  Situate  near  Frostburg,  10  m.  w.  of 
Cumberland. 


ALLEGHANY  COUNTY  occupies  the  extreme  n.w.  part  of  the  state,  'and  is  traversed 
by  the  main  range  of  the  mountains  from  which  its  name  is  derived.  Its  area  contains 
672,000  acres.  The  surface  is  extremely  rugged  and  broken,  but  the  more  mountainous 
districts  present  broad  valleys,  called  glades,  which  are  peculiarly  adapted  for  grazing  and 
dairy  farms.  These  valleys  bear  evidence  of  having  been  beds  of  extensive  lakes,  the 
waters  of  which  have  left  behind  them  deposits  of  a clayey  loam,  covering  which  is  a 
sward  of  rich  and  nutritious  grasses.  The  “glades’  butter,”  and  mountain  mutton,  so 
celebrated  for  their  qualities,  are  produced  in  these  regions.  The  climate  is  necessarily 
cold ; but  in  the  valleys,  protected  by  lofty  hill-walls,  the  climatic  influences  incident  to 
their  elevation  are  much  moderated ; and  out-door  labor  is  little  interfered  with,  while 
cattle  requires  housing  only  in  the  middle  winter  months.  The  drainage  of  this  county  is 
received  by  the  Potomac  River,  which  borders  its  whole  southern  boundary,  and  the 
Youghiogeny  River;  the  former  emptying  into  the  Atlantic,  and  the  latter  into  the 
Monongahela  River,  18  miles  s.  e.  of  Pittsburg,  whence  its  waters  are  carried  by  the 
Ohio  and  Mississippi  rivers  to  the. Gulf  of  Mexico.  Thermal  springs,  and  springs  charged 
with  sulphuretted  hydrogen,  with  some  chalybeates,  occur  in  this  county,  and  the  water 
in  some  parts  is  impregnated  with  lime,  but  the  mountain  water,  clear  and  pure,  most 
abounds.  The  geological  structure  of  the  country  is  similar  to  that  of  the  Alleghany 
regions  generally.  The  prevailing  rocks  are  sandstones  of  various  colors  ; but  limestones, 
often  traversed  by  veins  of  quartz,  slate,  shale  and  quartzite,  are  extensively  dis- 
tributed. The  ores  of  iron  are  found  in  great  abundance ; and  there  is,  within  the  limits 
of  the  county,  a continuous  series  of  beds  of  bituminous  coal  from  three  to  fourteen  feet 
in  thickness  and  from  three  to  six  miles  wide,  known  as  the  “ Cumberland  coal,”  extend- 
ing from  the  Pennsylvania  border  to  the  north  bank  of  the  Potomac  River. 

The  settlement  of  this  county  dates  from  1732,  when  Fort  Cumberland  was  established 
for  the  defence  of  the  advancing  white  population ; but  Col.  Thomas  Cresap  is  said  to  have 
been  the  first  private  individual  who  formed  a permanent  residence  within  its  limits. 
Cresap  was  a native  of  England,  and  located  himself  at  Old  Town,  on  the  north  fork  of  the 
Potomac,  with  his  own  and  other  families,  in  1741.  The  county  formed  a part  of  Frede- 
rick from  1748  to  1776 ; and  of  Washington,  from  the  latter  year  to  1789,  when  it  was 
organized  with  its  present  limits.  In  1790,  it  contained  4,809  inhabitants;  in  1820 
8,654;  in  1830,  10,609;  in  1840,  15,690;  and  in  1850,  22,769,  of  which,  21,633 
were  white  persons,  412  free  colored  persons,  and  724  slaves;  and  of  the  aggre- 
gate number,  13,950  were  natives  of  Maryland,  3,078  natives  of  other  states  of 
the  Union,  and  5,017  were  foreigners, — the  724  remaining  being  colored  slaves.  This 
population  was  comprised  in  3,902  families,  and  occupied  3,850  dwellings.  During  the 

23 


178 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


MANUFACTURER  OF 

Oja.Bzr^3E3si? 

towogs 

IN  ALL  ITS  VARIETIES, 

S.  E.  Cor.  Gay  and  Fayette  Sts. 

Where  may  at  all  times  be  found  a very  exten- 
sive assortment  of 

Parlor,  Chamber,  Dining  Boom,  Library 

OFFICE  AND  HALL  FURNITURE, 

All  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  workmanship 
not  surpassed  in  the  country.  I have  FURNI- 
TURE on  hand  made  of  Rosewood,  Mahogany, 
Walnut,  Oak,  Cherry,  &c.,  &c.  My  Mechanics  and 
Artists  are  of  the  first  order.  Our  Lumber  Mar- 
ket is  the  best  in  the  country.  Our  facilities 
for  business  are  equal  to  those  of  any  of  our  Atlan- 
tic cities.  My 


upmsimi  &m 


Enables  me  to  furnish,  Houses,  Ships  and  Steamers 
entire,  at  short  notice. 

Orders  to  any  extent  filled  with  prompt- 
ness. 

JOHN  McMULLAN. 


JOHN  McMULLAN, 

IMPORTER  AND  DEALER  IN 

^T3  JEL  <$?  i3k$'?  ‘up)  BSE8  ‘SW  J&  w ‘SP  ‘P?  ® 8 

ty 5 es&  & m & isA  &&  &=a  is%  e§> 

A1 STD 

Upholsterers''  Materials  Generally, 

No.  15  NOHTH  GAY  STREET, 

TWO  DOORS  SOUTH  OF  FAYETTE. 


Always  on  hand  an  assortment  of  BR0CATELLE8,  LOOKING-GLASS  PLATES,  PLUSH- 
ES, SPRINGS,  WEBS,  DAMASKS,  CURLED  HAIR,  HAIR  CLOTHS,  GLUES,  &e,,  &c. 
Orders  from  all  parts  of  the  Union  promptly  filled,  at  lowest  rates. 

All  kinds  of  Lumber,  Veneers,  Castors,  Locks,  Bolts,  Escutchions,  Bed  Screws, 
Brads,  Locks,  Knobs,  Glos  Spindles  or  Screws,  Sand  Papers,  Gimps,  Black  and  Brown 
Muslin,  Leather,  Japan  and  Lasting  Buttons,  Springs,  Twine  and  Burlaps,  at  as  low  a 
price  as  can  be  had  in  this  country. 


ALL 


ALT 


year  ending  1st  June,  1850,  there  occurred  596  births,  138  marriages,  and  150  deaths; 
and  at  that  period,  there  were  in  the  county  10  deaf  and  dumb  persons,  8 blind,  5 insane, 
and  4 idiotic. 

The  county  contained  892  farms,  occupying  72,577  acres  of  improved,  and  144,695 
acres  of  unimproved  lands ; and  the  cash  value  of  these  was  $2,519,858 ; the  value  of 
farming  implements  and  machinery  was  $60,368.  The  stock  of  domestic  animals  consisted 
of  2,902  horses,  9 asses  and  mules,  4,207  milch  cows,  89  working  oxen,  6,257  other  cattle, 
12,439  sheep,  and  7,877  swine — in  all,  valued  at  $270,070  ; and  the  amount  of  animal  pro- 
ducts in  1849-50  was — wool  25,244  pounds,  butter  231,038  pounds,  cheese  880  pounds,  and 
the  value  of  animals  slaughtered  was  $57,587.  The  cereal  crops  amounted,  in  bushels: 
wheat  to  73,525,  rye  to  29,187,  Indian  corn  to  101,773,  oats  to  163,943,  barley  to  100, 
and  buckwheat  to  19,887,  and  the  crop  of  peas  and  beans  to  67  bushels,  and  that  of  Irish 
potatoes  to  21,920  bushels.  The  value  of  the  products  of  the  orchard  was  $6,714,  and  of 
the  market  garden,  $475.  The  crop  of  hay  amounted  to  10,896  tons,  and  flax  was  pro- 
duced to  the  amount  of  1,517  pounds.  Miscellaneous  productions  were : honey  and  bees- 
wax 6,451  pounds  ; maple  sugar  47,740  pounds  ; molasses  1,430  gallons  ; wine  65 
gallons.  Home-made  manufactures  were  valued  at  $9,397. 

The  whole  number  of  manufacturing  establishments  in  the  county,  in  1850,  was  24, 
with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $750,100,  employing  403  hands,  at  wages  averaging  $9,284 
per  month,  and  producing  annually  to  the  value  of  $491,391.  There  were  two  establish- 
ments for  the  manufacture  of  cabinet-ware,  and  two  for  cigars ; two  for  woolen  goods, 
water  power ; one  for  fire-brick ; one  foundry,  and  one  furnace,  steam  power ; four  saw- 
mills, steam  and  water  power;  three  coal  mining  establishments,  one  rail-road  machine 
shop ; and  seven  tanneries,  steam  power.  The  mining  statistics,  as  returned  in  the  census, 
are  probably  deficient,  and  that  great  interest  of  the  country  seems  to  have  been  almost 
overlooked  by  those  entrusted  with  its  ascertainment. 

The  valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  in  1850,  amounted  to  $4,205,453,  (true  valu- 
ation, $5,080,635,)  and  the  amount  of  taxes  assessed  thereon,  $37,429,  of  which,  $10,514 
for  state  purposes,  and  $26,915  for  county  purposes.  The  whole  number  of  paupers 
supported  during  the  year  1849-50  was  50,  viz. : 44  natives  and  6 foreigners,  and  the  cost 
to  the  county  was  $2,000 ; number  of  criminals  convicted,  4,  viz.:  1 native  and  3 foreigners ; 
and  the  number  in  prison  on  the  first  of  June,  1850,  was  12,  viz. : 7 natives  and  5 foreigners. 
The  number  of  adults  in  the  county  who  could  not  read  and  write  was  1,139,  viz. : 389  na- 
tives and  750  foreigners.  Primary  and  public  schools,  in  number  109,  were  attended  by  2,480 
children ; and  105  were  being  educated  at  academies  and  other  schools.  Three  newspapers 
are  published  weekly — all  at  Cumberland.  Accommodation  was  provided  in  31  churches 
for  13,900  hearers  ; and  the  value  of  church  property  was  returned  at  $81,000, — 17  Metho- 
dist churches  could  accommodate  5,950  persons;  5 Roman  Catholic,  3,000;  4 Lutheran, 
2,000 ; 2 Protestant  Episcopal,  1,400  ; 1 German  Reformed,  800 ; 1 Presbyterian,  400 ; 
and  1 Baptist,  350.  There  are  72  libraries  (private)  and  55,467  volumes  owned  in  the 
county.  Adults,  unable  to  read  and  write,  1,139. 

The  great  thoroughfares  within  Alleghany  County  are  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  canal, 
the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  rail-road,  and  the  National  Road  leading  from  Cumberland  to  the 
Western  States ; the  latter  constructed  by  the  federal  government,  at  a great  expense. 
There  are  also  several  state  and  county  roads,  and  rail-roads  leading  to  the  coal  and  iron 
mines,  viz : the  Mount  Savage  rail-road,  from  Cumberland  to  the  iron  mines  at  Mount 
Savage ; Eckart  rail-road,  from  Cumberland  to  Eckart’s,  the  New- York  Company’s,  and 
the  Washington  mines;  Detmold’s  rail-road,  a wooden  track,  3 feet  wide,  from  Braddock’s 
Run  and  Eckart’s  to  Lonaconing;  and  there  is  a line  of  rail- road  contemplated  from  the 
latter  place  to  the  mouth  of  George’s  Creek,  opposite  to  Western  Port. 

Cumberland  is  the  county  seat  of  justice  ; and  the  villages  and  post-offices  are — Acci- 
dent, Altamont,  Bevansville,  Bloomington,  Cresap  Town,  Dawson’s,  Flintstone,  Frankville, 
Friendsville,  Frostburg,  Grantsville.  Hoystown,  Keyser’s  Ridge,  Little  Crossings,  Lona- 
coning, Mt.  Savage,  Old  Town,  Orleans,  Pleasant  Grove,  Prattsville,  Sangrun,  Savage 
Mill,  Shade  Mill,  Selby’s  Port,  S wanton,  Wellersburg,  Western  Port,  Winston,  and 
Yough  Glades. 


Allen’s  Fresh,  p.  o.,  Charles  co.  Situate 
at  the  crossing  of  the  creek  of  the  same 
name,  a large  tributary  of  Port  Tobacco 
river ; 6 m.  s.  e.  of  Port  Tobacco,  and  81 
b.  s.  w.  of  Annapolis. 


Altamont,  v.,  Alleghany  co.  Situate  in 
a mountain  region,  2,600  feet  above  tide- 
water, near  the  head  waters  of  Savage  r., 
and  on  the  line  of  the  Balt,  and  Ohio  R.R. ; 
44  m.  s.  w.  of  Cumberland. 


180 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


ms  ®2mh©m  & saraa  raas» 

CHAS.  T.  HOLLOWAY, 

American  Watches 

WARRANTED  FOR  FOUR  YEARS, 

No.  94  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

IMPORTED  AND  AMERICAN 


AND  ALBATA  WARE 

OP  EVERY  VARIETY. 

WATCHES 

©a©®s©  mi 

REPAIRED  AT  THE  SHORTEST  NOTICB. 


GEORGE  FLATTIOH, 

IMPORTER  AND  MANUFACTURER  OF 


OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION, 

No.  37  SOUTH  CALVERT  STREET. 


f, 


SILVER 


The  subscriber  will  keep  constantly  on  band  an  assortment  of  articles  pertaining 
to  the  wants  of  the  Dental  Profession,  as  follows,  viz : 

O H ^ I jE*.  €»  , SPITTOONS, 

GOLD,  SILVER  AND  PLATINA  PLATE  AND  WIRE,  SOLDERS, 

TEBTII  OP  ALL  DESCRIPTIONS,  &c.,  &c. 

Also,  Platina  supplied  in  every  variety  of  form.  Platina  Scrap  melted 
and  made  into  Plate  or  Wire. 

jlSrG  old,  Silver  and  Platina  Scrap  taken  in  exchange.  Cash  orders  promptly 
attended  to. 

HENEY  S^TOWDElsr, 

N.  E.  CORNER  OF  BALTIMORE  AND  EUTAW  STREETS, 


OPPOSITE  TUB  EUTAW  HOUSE. 


ALL 


ANN 


Annapolis  City,  port  of  entry  and  p.  o. ; 
co.  seat.,  Anne  Arundel  co.,  and  capital  of 
the  state  of  Maryland.  Situate  on  the  w. 
.side  of  Severn  r.,  three  miles  from  its  en- 
trance into  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  distant  44 
m.  e.  n.  e.  of  Washington,  D.  C.  Lat.  38° 
58'  50"  n.  : Long.  76°  29'  26"  w.  from 

Greenwich,  0°  32'  04"  e.  from  Washington. 
In  1830.  the  population  was  2.623 ; in 
1840,  2,792;  and  in  1850,  3,011—1,774 
white  persons,  585  free  colored  persons, 
and  652  slaves.  The  government  removed 
from  St.  Mary’s,  the  old  capital,  to  Anna- 
polis, then  called  Providence,  in  1689.  An- 
napolis is  regularly  laid  out ; its  streets  di- 
verging from  the  State  House  and  Episco- 
pal Church,  as  from  two  principal  centres. 
The  State  House  is  a substantial  building ; 
in  this  the  old  Congress  held  some  of  its 
sessions : and  the  Senate  Chamber,  in 
which  Washington  resigned  his  commission 
to  that  august  body,  has  been  preserved 
unaltered.  The  state  library  contains  about 
25,000  volumes.  The  city  has  a market- 
house,  a bank,  (the  Farmers’  Bank  of  Mary- 
land,) a theatre,  and  about  420  dwellings, 
many  of  which  are  elegant  and  spacious. 
St.  John’s  College,  formerly  a branch  of  the 


University,  but  now  under  different  aus- 
pices, is  located  here.  It  was  founded  in 
1784,  and  in  1850  had  six  professors,  30 
students,  150  alumni,  8 of  whom  were  min- 
isters, and  a library  containing  3,292 
volumes.  There  are  six  academies,  and 
four  or  five  other  schools ; and  the  public 
press  consists  of  two  newspapers,  issued 
weekly,  together  circulating  1,200  copies. 
The  shipping  owned  in  the  collection  dis- 
trict of  Annapolis,  on  the  1st  June,  1850, 
was  2,323  tons,  of  which  336  was  navigated 
by  steam  power.  Some  small  manufac- 
tures are  carried  on,  and  the  coasting  trad<? 
hence  is  on  a liberal  scale.  The  city  com- 
municates with  the  interior  lines  of  travel 
by  the  Annapolis  and  Elkridge  R.  R.,  21  m. 
in  length,  diverging  from  it  in  a n.  w.  di- 
rection to  a junction  with  the  Washington 
Branch  R.  R.,  at  a point  18  m.  from  Balti- 
more, and  22  m.  from  Washington. 

Annapolis  Junction,  p.  o.,  Anne  Arundel 
co.  Situate  on  the  e.  side  of  Little  Pat  ux- 
ent r.,  where  the  Annapolis  and  Elkridge 
R.R.  forms  a junction  with  the  Washington 
Branch  R.  R.,  21  m.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis,  18 
s.  w.  of  Baltimore,  and  22  n.  e.  of  Washing- 
ton. 


ANNE  ARUNDEL  COUNTY  is  situate  on  the  w.  side  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  having 
Patapsco  River  for  its  n.  limits,  and  Patuxent  River  for  its  w.  limits.  The  s.  boundary  is 
the  conventional  line  separating  it  from  Calvert  county.  Within  these  bounds  the  super- 
ficial area  is  433,920  acres ; but  in  this  is  included  Howard  county,  lately  organized. 

The  surface,  with  the  exception  of  some  broken  and  hilly  tracts  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
rivers,  and  of  low  lands  in  that  section  known  as  the  swamps,  is  generally  undulating 
and  pleasantly  diversified.  Near  the  bay,  the  surface  is  cognate  with  that  distinguish- 
ing the  eastern  shore,  low  and  in  several  parts  wet.  The  middle  parts  of  the  county 
are  drained  by  the  Patuxent  ; in  the  south  by  creeks  falling  into  South,  Severn, 
and  West  rivers.  The  drainage  by  the  Patapsco  is  to  a very  small  extent.  The  soils 
in  the  upper  parts  have  been  produced  by  the  disintegration  and  decomposition  of  the 
subjacent  rocks,  and  vary  according  to  the  nature  of  these.  In  the  lower  portions  of 
the  country  sand  and  clay  are  the  chief  components  of  the  soil,  and  in  this  district  thero 
are  some  fine  soils,  varying  in  composition  from  a sandy  to  a clayey  loam.  Sand  stones, 
argilites  and  all  the  rocks  of  the  primary  era,  found  so  extensively  in  Montgomery  county, 
pervade  also  the  upper  regions  of  Anne  Arundel  county  ; in  the  lower  regions,  the  rocks, 
whatever  they  may  be,  are  covered  over  by  plains  and  hills  of  sand  and  clay — the  hills 
rarely  elevated  more  than  100  feet  above  tide  water.  In  this  region  there  are  also  exten- 
sive marl  deposites,  which  furnish  to  the  planter  a rich  manure.  Iron  is  the  widest 
diffused  of  all  the  mineral  ores,  and  has  hitherto  been  extensively  wrought ; but  of  late 
many  of  the  works  have  suspended  operations.  Some  copper  is  found  in  the  upper 
country,  and  on  the  bay  shore  alumina  and  iron  pyrites  are  abundant,  the  latter  of  which 
is  used  in  the  manufacture  of  copperas.  Oak,  chestnut,  pine,  poplar,  and  hickory  are 
the  principal  timbers  natural  to  the  forest.  The  climate  varies  with  the  location,  but  is 
usually  temperate,  and  well  suited  for  out-door  employment. 

The  first  settlers  in  the  district  of  country  under  consideration  were  English  Puritans, 
who  had  been  expelled  from  Virginia,  in  which  colony  the  laws  tolerated  no  dissent  from 
the  Established  Church.  This  occurred  in  1642.  The  main  division  of  these  colonists — 
a -congregation  with  Richard  Bennett  as  their  leader — took  up  their  residence  upon  and 
around  the  site  of  Annapolis,  calling  their  settlement  Providence.  Here,  also,  they  re- 
fused to  acknowledge  the  government  of  Lord  Baltimore,  on  the  allegation  that  to  do  so 
would  be  to  recognize  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  and  established  for  themselves  an  in- 
dependent government,  occupying  their  lands  without  formal  grants.  This  state  of 


182 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


PRIZE  MEDALS  OF  THE  MARYLAND  1IST2TIJTE, 


3VEc^b^.3F1.X_b^.3^3'X3?S 


IMPROVED  * 

FIRE  PROOFS 
BURGLAR  PROOF 

SAFE. 

145  Pratt  st. 

Baltimore. 


CELEBRATED  PREMIUM  SAFES, 

DEPOT,  145  PRATT  STREET, 

OPPOSITE  SMITH’S  MALTBY  HOUSE. 

i£3T  Merchants,  Bankers  and  others,  desiring  the  best  Safe  known,  are  re- 
quested to  examine  our  Stock.  Prices  low. 

WM.  McFAELAND  & CO. 


m 

& 


Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  August  15,  1855. 

Messrs.  Tilton  # McFarland , 

Gentlemen  It  affords  me  great  pleasure  to  certify  that  the  Safe  purchased  by  me  from  you,  Messrs.  Mc- 
Farland & Co.,  some  two  years  ago,  wa«  found  to  be  all  it  was  recommended.  My  Warehouse  was  wholly 
destroyed  by  fire  some  few  days  ago,  which  contained  a large  amount  of  combustible  merchandise,  such  as  tur- 
pentine, oil,  liquors,  dry  goods,  etc.,  etc.  The  Safe  was  on  the  second  floor,  where  it  was  for  some  time  ex- 
posed to  the  fire.  It  then  fell  to  the  cellar  mixed  up  with  burning  merchandise,  amongst  which  it  remained 
for  some  ten  hours  exposed  to  a most  intense  heat.  Some  few  hours  after  taking  the  Sale  from  the  ruins,  we 
opened  it  anti  found  to  the  surprise  of  all,  that  the  papers  and  Books  came  out  in  a perfect  state.  You  will 
please  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  this  Safe,  and  send  one  of  your  Double  Door  and  Double  Flange  Sa'es,  No. 
3,  as  per  direction  on  your  list  of  Safes.  Allow  ire  what  you  believe  is  right  for  the  one  returned  and  draw  on 
me  fur  the  balance.  Respectfully,  &c.  L.  R.  VANDEWATER. 


ALL 


ANN 


affairs  continued  until  July,  1650,  when  the  clandestine  plantations  were  recognized  and 
erected  into  an  organization  under  the  title  of  Anne  Arundel  county,  and  as  such  re- 
mained until,  by  the  constitution  of  1851,  the  former  Howard  district  was  organized  as 
a separate  county.  In  1790,  according  to  the  federal  census,  the  population  amounted  to 
22,518 ; in  1820,  to  27,651 ; in  1830,  to  28.295 ; in  1840,  to  29,532 ; and  in  1850,  to 
32,393,  viz.  : 16,542  white  persons,  4,602  free  colored  persons,  and  11,249  slaves;  of  the 
free  inhabitants,  19,648  were  natives  of  Maryland,  636  were  natives  of  other  states  of  the 
Union,  and  860  were  of  foreign  birth.  This  population  was  comprised  in  3,745  families, 
and  occupied  3,712  dwellings.  Deaf  and  dumb,  10;  blind,  24;  insane,  11;  and  idiotic, 
40.  During  the  year  1S49-50,  the  number  of  slaves,  fugitive  from  labor,  was  48,  and  of 
slaves  manumitted,  365. 

In  1S50,  the  number  of  farms  and  plantations  under  culture  was  1,295,  occupying  222,- 
228  acres  improved  land  and  126,925  acres  unimproved  land,  and  the  cash  value  of  these 
was  $6,723,374.  The  value  of  farming  implements  and  machinery  was  $212,984.  The 
live-stock  owned  within  the  county  consisted  of — horses,  5,793  ; asses  and  mules,  686 ; 
milch  cows,  5,577 ; working  oxen,  3.071 ; other  cattle,  5,389  ; sheep,  14,075,  and  swine, 
29,989,  valued  in  the  aggregate  at  $5S9,515  ; and  the  amount  of  animal  products  was — 
wool,  22,685  pounds ; butter,  170,620  pounds ; cheese,  57  pounds ; and  the  value  of 
animals  slaughtered  was  $62,266.  The  food  crops  consisted  of — wheat,  260,923;  rye, 

11,439 ; Indian  corn,  925,448  ; oats,  147,263 ; peas  and  beans,  1,202 ; barley,  ; 

buckwheat,  4,49S;  Irish  potatoes,  51,871.;  and  sweet  potatoes,  257  bushels.  The  orchard 
produced  to  the  value  of  $32,437,  and  market  gardens  to  $57,774 ; 465  gallons  of  wine 
were  among  these  products.  The  staple  of  the  county  is  tobacco,  the  crop  of  which  in 
1850  amounted  to  4,523,340  pounds.  Among  the  other  products  of  agriculture  in  1850 
are  enumerated — hay,  5,580  tons ; clover-seed,  668  bushels,  and  other  grass-seed,  158 
bushels;  hops,  374  pounds;  flax,  635  pounds  ; flax-seed,  32  bushels;  and  beeswax  and 
honey,  5,379  pounds.  Home-made  manufactures  were  valued  at  $2,885. 

There  were  in  the  county  in  1850,  159  industrial  establishments,  and  the  capital  in- 
vested amounted  to  $402,570  ; the  value  of  raw  material,  fuel,  <fcc.,  consumed  was 
$599,837,  and  of  the  annual  products,  $937,260.  Hands  employed — males  712,  at  aver- 
age monthly  cost  of  $11,347,  and  254  females  at  $2,625.  Cotton,  iron  and  flour  are  the 
staples,  and  together  use  three-fourths  of  the  capital  invested,  and  are  represented  in  more 
than  two-thirds  of  the  products.  The  following  table  exhibits  the  principal  details  of  the 
business  and  manufacturing  industry  of  the  county  : — 


Business  or 

Value  of 

Business  or 

Value  of 

Mnaufactures. 

No. 

Capital. 

Hands,  prod’ets. 

Manufactures. 

No. 

Capital. 

Hands,  prod’ets. 

Agr'l  implements  — 

.17. 

..$3,950. 

37. .$15,600 

Lime  kilns 

8. 

...$2,350. 

20..  $10,400 

Bakers,  &c 

o 

Machinists 

6 6,000 

Blacksmiths 

.30. 

...6,795. 

...-65. -.29,775 

Mills,  clover... 

1. 

Boat- builders 

-.1. 

100. 

1 1,500 

“ flour 

4. 

18. .315.925 

Boot  & shoe-makers. 

...4,350. 

48.. .16,600 

“ grist 

13. 

...15,950. 

18. ..31, 180 

Cabinet-makers 

...3. 

....3,800. 

7 6,000 

“ paper . . . 

2. 

....1,200. 

Carpenters 

.18. 

...3,375. 

44...  23, 750 

“ saw 

13. 

..12,300. 

16...  27, 650 

Clothiers  & tailors.. 

...6. 

....4,600. 

31. ..11, 500 

Mining,  iron . . . 

67...  25, 100 

Coach-makers 

400. 

3 1,000 

Pointers 

2. 

9 5,650 

Coopers 

...7, 

1,700. 

22 6,460 

Saddlers,  &c. . 

4. 

...1,800. 

...10 6,100 

Factories,  cotton.... 

. .2. 

.125,000. 

...314..  207, 500 

Tanners 

1. 

3 900 

1 

300. 

6 3,500 

Furnaces,  iron 

.115,000. 

...195..168.600 

Total,. 

159. 

,.402,570. 

...712. .937, 260 

Granite  cutters 

500. 

17 2,060 

The  iron  furnaces  are  all  driven  by  steam  power,  and  the  factories,  machine-shops 
and  mills  by  water  power ; all  other  establishments  by  hand-labor.  The  great  bulk 
of  the  manufacturing  business  is  conducted  on  the  Patapsco,  within  the  present  Howard 
county. 

The  average  monthly  wages  to  a farm-hand  is,  with  board,  $9,  and  the  wages  to  a 
laborer,  with  board,  70  cents,  and  without,  $1  a day.  Carpenters  average  $1  37  a day, 
and  domestic  servants  $1  25  a week.  Price  of  board  to  laboring  men  per  week,  $2  12. 

The  valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate  in  the  county  in  1850,  was  $9,774,931,  (true 
valuation,  $11,243,624,)  and  the  amount  of  taxes  assessed  thereon,  $31,931,  of  which 
$9,069  were  for  state  purposes,  $15,589  for  county,  $5,113  for  school,  $1,060  for  poor, 
and  $1,104  for  road  purposes.  The  number  of  paupers  supported  in  the  county  during 
the  years  1849-50  was  61,  of  which  51  were  natives  and  10  foreigners,  and  the  cost  to 
the  public  was  $4,060,  or  $80  per  head. 


184 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


X3T-  JET  ES  rO-  22  El  9 S 


GENTLEMEN’S 


WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL, 


No.  13  N.  ETJTAW  STREET. 

Keeps  constantly  on  hand  a large  assortment  of  Boots,  Shoes,  and 
Gaiters  of  every  description,  which  he  will  dispose  of  .on  the  lowest 
terms  for  Cash.  Gentlemen  in  want  of  a first  rate  fit  in  a 

SOOT,  SUrlOE  OR  GAITER, 

Will  do  well  to  give  him  a call,  as  a satisfactory  fit  is  warranted 
in  all  cases,  and  to  suit  all  shapes  of  feet.  His  work  is  made  of  the 
best  material  and  by  the  best  workmen.  Country  Merchants  would 
do  well  to  give  him  a call  before  purchasing  elsewhere. 

Please  notice  the  number,  13  N.  Eutaw  street,  opposite  the 
Western  Bank. 


MARSTON  8c  BROS. 


IMPORTERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 


BY  THE  PACKAGE  OB  OPEN, 

MIOT  ( mLAm  WA1I, 

OF  E-VEFY  DESCRIPTION. 

DRUGGISTS’ WARE,  LAMPS,  GAS  FIXTURES,  SHADES, 

GLASS  WARE  FOR  EXPORT. 

No.  2 4 6 BALTIMORE  STREET, 

A FEW  DOORS  WEST  OF  CHARLES  STREET. 


MANUFACTURER  OF 


WHOLESALE  AXTsTID  RETAIL, 


No.  230  LEXINGTON  STREET, 


ONE  DOOR  WEST  OF  GREEN. 

Keeps  constantly  on  hand  a general  as- 
sortment of  House-Keeping  Articles,  &c. 

J£?T  Boofing  and  Spouting  done  at 
the  shortest  notice,  and  on  the  most  rea- 
sonable terms. 


ANN 


BAL 


1 


The  county  contained,  in  June,  1850,  one  college,  with  three  teacners  and  25  students ; six 
academies  and  other  schools,  with  26  teachers  and  270  pupils;  and  51  primary  and  public 
schools,  with  51  teachers  and  1,283  scholars.  The  aggregate  income  of  the  academies 
was  $11,250,  of  which  $4,800  was  received  from  public  funds  ; and  that  of  public  schools 
was  $10,024,  of  which  $3,323  was  from  the  public  funds,  and  $5,096  was  raised  by  taxa- 
tion. The  number  of  libraries  in  the  county  was  39  with  43,896  volumes,  of  which  32 
with  23,300  volumes  were  held  in  private.  Three  newspapers  are  published  weekly — two 
at  Annapolis,  and  one  at  Ellicott’s  Mills,  and  circulate  from  500  to  700  copies  each.  Of 
those  classed  as  “ adults  who  cannot  read  and  write  ” 570  were  white  persons,  and  462  free 
colored  persons.  There  were,  at  the  period  above  alluded  to,  82  church  edifices  in  the 
county,  accommodating  in  the  aggregate  41,875  persons,  and  the  value  of  church  pro- 
perty was  $140,000.  The  Baptists  had  2 churches;  the  Episcopalians  22 ; the  Quakers 
3;  the  Methodists  46;  the  Presbyterians  3;  the  Roman  Catholics  5;  and  the  Union,  or 
Free  Church,  1. 

Annapolis  is  the  county  seat  of  justice,  and  the  following  are  villages  and  post-offices  : 
Annapolis  Junction,  Bright  Seat,  Bristol,  Clarksville,  Cooksville,  Crownsville,  Davidson- 
ville,  Eldersburg,  Elk  Ridge  Landing,  Ellicott's  Mills,  Elysville,  Friendship,  Governor’s 
Bridge,  Uchester  Mills,  Lisbon,  Marriotsville,  Mathew’s  Store,  Millersville,  Patuxent, 
Poplar  Springs,  Savage,  Simsonville,  South  River,  Taylorsville,  Tracey’s  Landing,  West 
River,  Woodstock,  &c. 


Annemesix  River,  Somerset  co.  A con- 
siderable stream  from  the  e.,  emptying  into 
Chesapeake  Bay.  A project  was  once  en- 
tertained of  constructing  a canal  to  unite 
the  navigation  of  this  river  and  that  of 
Pocomoke  river. 

Antietam  Creek,  Washington  co.  The 
head  waters  of  this  stream  are  in  Penn- 
sylvania, but  its  largest  tributaries  come 
from  the  w.  slope  of  South  Mountain.  It 
drains  more  than  one  half  the  surface  of  the 
county,  and  after  a winding  course  south- 
ward falls  into  Potomac  r.,  about  10  m.  n. 
of  the  mouth  of  Shenandoah  r. 

Aquasco,  p.  v.,  Prince  George  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  w.  side  of  Patuxent  r.,  32  m. 
from  its  mouth ; 18  m.  s.  of  Upper  Marl- 
boro’, and  51  s.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Ashland,  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate  on 
the  line  of  the  Baltimore  and  Susquehanna 
R.  R.,  16  m.  n.  of  Baltimore  city. 

Avalon,  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate  on 
the  n.  side  of  Patapsco  r.,  and  on  the  line 
of  the  Balt,  and  Ohio  R.  R.,  10  m.  s.  w.  of 
Baltimore,  and  37  n.  w.  of  Annapolis.  Some 
manufactures  centre  here. 

Bachman’s  Mills,  p.  o.,  Carroll  co.  Situ- 
ate at  the  head  of  Big  Pipe  cr.,  6 m.  n.  of 
Westminster,  and  62  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Back  Creek,  Cecil  co.  A large  creek  of 
Elk.  r.,  which,  in  conjunction  with  the 
Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal,  forms  a 
navigable  passage  across  the  neck  of  the 
peninsula.  This  passage-way  is  now  used 
chiefly  for  the  transportation  of  Cumber- 
land coal  to  Eastern  markets. 

Back  River,  Baltimore  co.  A large  inlet  of 
Chesapeake  Bay,  between  Back  River  Neck 
and  Patapsco  Neck.  It  receives  in  its 
northern  extremity  Stemmer’s,  Red  House,  I 


Moore’s,  Herring,  and  other  runs  or  creeks. 
The  Baltimore  and  Philadelphia  R.  R. 
crosses  its  northern  arm  about  3 m.  e.  of 
Baltimore ; and  Miller’s  island  lying  at  its 
entrance;  divides  its  mouth  into  two 
channels. 

Back  River  Neck,  Baltimore  co.  A 
large  peninsular  projection  lying  between 
Middle  r.  and  Back  r.  Its  outline  is  ex- 
tremely irregular,  and  much  indented  with 
large  coves. 

Back  Wye  Creek,  Queen  Anne  co.  A 
stream  emptying  from  the  n.  into  Wye  r., 
and  separating  Wye  Neck  from  Piney 
Neck. 

Bakersville,  p.  V.,  W ashington  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  e.  side  of  Marsh  cr.,  on  the  post- 
road, 9 m.  s.  of  Hagerstown,  and  94  n.  w.  of 
Annapolis. 

Baltimore  City,  co.  seat,  port  of  entry 
and  p.  o.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate  on  the 
n.  side  of  Patapsco  r.,  14  m.  from  its 
entrance  into  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  204  m. 
from  the  Atlantic  ocean,  by  ship  channel. 
Distant  38*  m.  n.  e.  of  Washington,  D.  C., 
and  28  n.  of  Annapolis.  Lat.  39°  17'  23"  n., 
and  Long.  76°  37'  30"  w.  of  Greenwich,  or 
0'  24"  e.  of  Washington. 

Baltimore,  the  principal  city  of  the  state, 
and  the  third  in  the  Union  in  regard  to  po- 
pulation, was  laid  out  in  1729,  and  the  first 
inhabitants  were  of  the  same  class  as  the 
original  colonists  of  St.  Mary’s,  natives  of 
England,  but  the  settlement  soon  became  a 
point  of  attraction  for  immigrants  from 
many  other  countries.  In  1790,  it  con- 
tained 13,503  inhabitants ; in  1800,  26,514 ; 
in  1810,  35,583 ; in  1820,  62,738 ; in  1830 
80,625;  in  1840,  102,313;  and  in  1850, 
169,054,  viz, : 140,666  white  persons  ; free 
colored  persons  25,442,  and  2,946  slaves ; 


186 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


THE  LARGEST  CONCERN  SOUTH  OF  PHILADELPHIA  IS  THE 


Cottage  ifurniture  establishment, 

Wo.  10  N.  Charles  St.  & 92  Fayette  St. 


WHERE  MAY  AT  ALL  TIMES  BE  FOUND  A VERY  EXTENSIVE  VARIETY  OF 


PARLOR,  CHAMBER  AID  DINING-ROOM  FURNITURE, 

OF  BEST  WORKMANSHIP  AND  NEWEST  PATTERNS. 


The  Styles  of  our  COTTAGE  CHAMBER  SETS  are  not  surpassed  in  the  United  States. 

As  we  manufacture  our  Furniture  entirely  in  Baltimore,  and  have  adopted  all  the  mod- 
ern improved  machinery,  with  steam  power,  we  confidently  assure  the  public  our  prices  will 
not  be  found  above  those  of  Northern  Manufacturers. 

Our  Mechanics  and  Artists  are  of  the  first  order — our  Lumber  market  is  the  best  in  the 
country — and  the  general  facilities  of  business  being  every  way  equal  to  other  Atlantic  cities, 
we  believe  we  can  offer  superior  inducements  to  purchasers  to  give  us  their  patronage. 

J23I**  Our  UPHOLSTERY  and  MATTRESS  departments  enable  us  to  furnish  Houses  at  very 
short  notice. 

ORDERS  FOR  FURNITURE  TO  BE  MADE,  may  be  given  to  any  extent,  and  of 
every  description  of  wood. 

(CHMRS  ©IF  MIL  KMJBS, 

PRICES  OF  COMPLETE  CHAMBER  SETS,  $25  TO  $‘00. 

MEACHAM  & HEY  WOOD, 

No.  10  North  Charles  Street. 


BAL 


BAL 


and  of  the  free  population  113, 583  wore  na- 
tives of  Maryland;  16.S08  natives  of  others 
of  the  United  States ; and  35,617  were  of 
foreign  origin.  Of  the  foreign  population 
19.274  were  Germans.  12,057  Irish,  and 
2,023  English.  525  Scotch,  and  110  Welch; 
the  residue  being  natives  of  other  parts  of 
Europe  and  America. 

The  industrial  enjoyments  of  the 
citizens  are  various  and  extensive.  The 
whole  number  of  establishments  in  1S50 
was  2.243,  in  which  a capital  of  $6,541,922 
was  invested,  and  employment  given  to 
15,442  male  and  5.041  female  artisans. 
The  aggregate  value  of  raw  material  con- 
sumed in  1849-50  amounted  to  $9,444.244 ; 
the  sums  monthly  paid  out  for  wages. 
$459,441,  and  the  annual  value  of  manu- 
factured products  was  $20,416,511.  The 
numbers,  capitals  and  values  of  the  pro- 
ducts of  the  principal  establishments,  leav- 
ing out  any  account  of  bakers,  butchers, 
grocers,  and  such  other  businesses,  which  are 
common  to  all  places,  were  as  follows: — 

Establishments.  Capital.  No.  Hands.  V.l:c. 

Agric’l  implements. $34, 000 8 — 1 26..  $143, 900 

Blacksmiths 35, COO. ..71.  ...226...  195.203 

Boat  building 8,700 8 . 37 31.230 

P'>ots  and  shoes. ...247, 215. .356. .2, 329. .1,191, 650 

1"  weries 59,300.  ..16 74 119,420 

Bricks 190,000.  ..45....9S4.  ...332,530 

Cabinetwiire. 274, 257..  111... -.817 631.364 

Cigars lSS.Gf.O ..  120. ...  433 593.310 

Chemicals 210,000 5 118 421,200 

Clothiers 617, 5S0..23S..  5, 196.. 2.646,190 

Coach,  &c 79,350 ...  26 275 304, 2S8 

Coppersmiths ln,C00 6 27 40,600 

Distilleries ? 5,500 5 9 35S.S64 

Earthenware 42,300 8 87 74,800 

Forges 30,000 j 35 G9,000 

Foundries,  Brass 52,240.. . 10 76. ...273, 600 

“ iron...  198,500 13... .576....  434,862 

“ type.  &c.  1 5,000 1 31 23,000 

Furnaces,  iron 27,590 2....  403 195,000 

“ copper. . .100,000 1 40 . . ..  450,000 

Glass 54.00C 2 54 52^000 

Gunsmiths 14,100.. .10 79 52,900 

Ma  U’l  instruments . . . 3,600 ....4 8 8.900 

Mu.*;  leal  do 1,600 2 6 4,200 

Surgical  do 3,000. ...2 8 6,000 

M achinist 176,000 ...  12 ....  377 ....  420,550 

Mills,  flour 130,000 4 22. ...  491,133 

Piano  Forte 61.000 ...  10 1C3 124,550 

Printers  & Publish.  114, 200. ..17 229 ....35S.234 

•*  lithographic..  9. 600 0. . ...20 16,500 


“ music 10,000 1 8 20,000 

It.  It.  machinery 71,500 3 1.71 103,000 

Rolling  mills 60,000 1 96. ...  171,531 

Sails 21 ,650.. . 24 ....  112.. ..  21 1.5S0 

Ship-builders 161,500 ...  21  ....  631 820,000 

“ joiners 14,220 13 82 69,500 

“ smiths 71, 600..  .16....  109 91,700 

Silversmiths,  <5cc 55,400... 31 120 936,175 

Steam  engines 125,000 2 330 229,000 

Stove-makers 27 1,590 .. . 19 ...  .4 1 3 665,000 

Sugar  refiners 62,000 2 19.... 303, 500 

T anneries 141,000...  .7 72....  277,150 

Weavers 7,696...  15 36 34,225 

Wheelwrights 4, 550...  21 50 37,430 

Whitesmiths 6,422...  10 33 27,900 


As  a commercial  city,  Baltimore  ranks 
next  to  New-Orleans  among  the  southern 
ports.  It  has  an  immense  inland  trade, 
which  will  be  greatly  increased  when  the 
lines  of  communication  are  completed  to  a 
junction  with  those  of  Ohio  and  oilier 
western  states.  In  I860,  the  principal  re- 
ceipts from  the  interior  for  consumption 
and  export  were:  Cumberland  coal,  146.645 
tons,  and  Anthracite  160,000  tons;  wheat, 

4.600.000  bushels,  (about  1.750,000  busheb 
taken  by  millers,  and  350,000  bushels 
shipped;)  Indian  corn,  3.000,000  bushels ; 
oats,  450,000  bushels,  and  considerable  lots 
of  rye,  barley,  peas  and  beans;  beef,  pork, 
and  bacon ; tobacco,  41,833  hhds.  ; wool, 

500.000  lbs.,  &c..  &c. ; the  inspections  of 
flour  amounted  to  896,592  barrels ; of  corn 
meal  to  46,000  barrels ; and  of  rye  flour  to 
5,441  barrels ; of  leather,  to  413,974  sides. 
Flour  and  tobacco,  however,  are  the  two 
great  staples  of  Baltimore,  and  well  has  it 
been  designated  as  “ the  greatest  market  for 
tobacco  in  the  United  States,  and  the  prin- 
cipal flour  market  in  the  world."  Its  coast- 
wise trade  is  also  very  extensive,  and  the 
shipping  of  Baltimore  is  found  in  every 
port  from  Passamaquoddy  Bay  to  the  Rio 
Grande ; the  lumber  of  Maine  and  the 
cotton  and  sugar  of  the  Gulf  states  are 
brought  here  in  vast  quantities,  as  are  also 
the  various  manufactures  and  merchandises 
of  the  intermediate  Atlantic  ports ; in  1850, 

25.000  bales  cotton  were  landed  from 
southern  ports,  and  63  million  feet  of  lum- 
ber from  Bangor  and  other  ports  of  Maine. 
The  shipping  owned  in  the  collection 
district,  of  which  Baltimore  is  the  port, 
amounted  on  the  1st  of  June,  1850,  to 
140,019  tons,  of  which  was  registered 
90,670  tons;  enrolled  and  licensed  57,612 
tons,  and  licensed  under  20  tons  737  tons; 
and  of  the  enrolled  and  licensed  tonnage, 
13,115  tons  navigated  by  steam  power.  In 
1849-50,  sixty-six  vessels,  of  an  aggregate 
burden  of  11,6S3  tons,  were  built  in  the 
port  district.  The  Baltimore  clippers  are 
pronounced  to  be  the  perfection  of  naval 
architecture,  and  they  are  no  less  fitted  for 
trade  than  for  privateering,  in  which  ca- 
pacity they  made  a great  figure  in  the  last 
war  with  England. 

Boston,  New- York  and  New-Orleans 
are  the  only  sea-board  ports  of  the  Union, 
the  foreign  commerce  of  which  exceeds 
that  of  Baltimore.  In  1849-50,  the  en- 
trances amounted  to  438  vessels  and  99,588 
tons,  and  the  clearances  to  521  vessels  and 
126,819  tons  ; and  the  value  of  merchandise 
imported  was  $6,124,201,  and  of  that  ex- 
ported $6,967,353.  The  great  bulk  of  the 
foreign  commerce  of  Baltimore  is  carried 


188 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


JOHN  T.  HENHA1AN, 

MANUFACTURER  OF  AND  DEALER  IN  EVERY  VARIETY  OF 


*'9 

TD 


The  special  attention  of  retailers  is  directed  to 

KTo.  X©5  Lexington  Street, 

SECOND  DOOR  FROM  PACA,  OPPOSITE  THE  MARKET. 


Constantly  receiving  CHEWING-  TOBACCO  from  the  best  factories  in 
Virginia. 


EDWARD  T.  ELLICOTT. 


JAMES  E.  IIE WES. 


B li  T X 3VE  O 3FBL  DE3  BUTTER  jA.  Gr  JES  3XT  O IT  . 

ELLICOTT^&^lSwES, 

GENERAL  COMMISSION  MERCHANTS, 


A.ND  DEALERS  IIST 


eg?  ty/ 


Wv 

i-SiL' 


59  Exchange  Place,  opposite  Post  Office. 

JNO.  E.  & GEO.  M.  McCOMAS, 

IMPORTERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 

in  ran /a. p s\ 

B5  EO  Q3S  BT01  BJi3  EE5  ‘JSff  9 H "9  ESS  S3!  ElS  S® 

WHOLESALE  uAISTID  RETAIL, 

No.  20  N.  Howard  St. 

Where  will  be  always  found  a complete  assortment  of 

BUILDING  MATERIAL, 

f ram-Iutping  Materials,  Cutltrj, 

PLATED  GOODS, 

GUNS,  PISTOLS,  &c.  w' 

At  the  lowest  prices.  Also  for  sale, 

PATENT  RIGHTS 

FOR  A 

Self-setting  ©piinql  iNp, 

The  most  successful  ever  invented  for  catching  Rats, 
Minks,  Foxes,  &c.,  &c. 


B AL 


B AL 


on  with  the  states  of  South  America  and 
the  West  India  colonies,  and  the  continent 
of  Europe.  With  the  British  ports  in 
Europe,  the  connection  is  very  limited. 

There  are  ten  banks  in  Baltimore,  with 
an  aggregate  capital  of  $7,101,051.  The 
circulation  in  1850  amounted  to  $2,073,578, 
discounts  to  $10,925,106,  and  deposits  to 
$3,648,819,  and  the  amount  of  specie  on 
hand  to  $2,113,758.  There  are  also  a num- 
ber of  insurance  companies  and  savings’ 
institutions. 

The  public  press  of  the  city  consists  of 
six  daily,  four  tri-weekly  and  ten  weekly 
newspapers ; and  one  semi-monthly  and 
two  monthly  papers ; and  of  these  six  are 
devoted  to  religious  topics,  one  to  agricul- 
ture, one  to  music,  and  one  to  the  coloniza- 
tion interest.  The  others,  chiefly  daily  and 
tri-weekly  papers,  are  devoted  to  politics 
and  general  news.  The  Baltimore  Sun  cir- 
culates 30,000  copies  daily,  and  of  the 
weekly  issue  18,000  copies ; the  circulation 
of  none  of  the  others  exceeds  8.000. 

The  total  value  of  real  and  personal  es- 
tate in  the  city  in  1850,  was  $80,237,960, 
and  the  total  taxation  $617,994,  viz. : — 
state  tax,  $168,000;  county  tax,  $20,667; 
school  tax,  $33,618;  poor  tax,  $13,597 ; road 
tax,  $603 ; and  taxes  on  account  of  city 
government,  $381,509. 

There  are  four  colleges,  67  academies, 
&c.,  and  71  primary  and  public  schools  in 
the  city.  The  primary  and  public  schools 
had  in  1850, 158  teachers  and  8,892  scholars, 
and  cost  for  support  $64,0G1  ; the  acade- 
mies had  215  teachers,  and  4,507  pupils,  at 
a cost  amounting  to  $87,431;  and  the  col- 
leges 33  professors  and  537  students,  cost- 
ing $56,875.  The  support  of  colleges  and 
academies  is  derived  solely  from  charges  to 
individual  pupils ; but  the  public  schools  are 
free  to  the  poor,  and  are  partially  supported 
from  the  public  treasury.  The  University, 
founded  in  1812 ; St.  Mary’s  College,  found- 
ed in  1799 ; and  Washington  Medical  Col- 
lege, founded  in  1827,  are  the  principal  col- 
legiate establishments.  The  Mercantile  Li- 
brary Association  and  the  Maryland  His- 
torical Society  are  also  valuable  literary 
institutions.  The  number  of  white  adults 
unable  to  read  and  write  was,  in  1850, 
5,537,  of  which  3,844  were  females.  The 
free  colored  in  the  same  category  numbered 
8,232. 

The  city  contains  6 Baptist  churches,  10 
Episcopal,  3 Friends,  3 German  Reformed, 
8 Lutheran,  42  Methodist,  11  Presbyterian, 
8 Roman  Catholic,  and  8 other  churches; 
in  all  99  churches,  capable  of  accommoda- 
ting 81,455  persons.  The  value  of  property 
belonging  to  all  the  churches  in  1850,  was 


$2,420,200.  The  Roman  Catholic  cathedral 
alone  has  property  valued  at  $495,000. 

Baltimore  is  pleasantly  situated,  on  a 
slightly  undulating  ground,  and  some  of  the 
elevations  in  the  vicinity  command  fine 
prospects.  As  laid  out,  it  includes  four 
miles  square,  and  is  built  around  the  bay. 
The  streets  are  regular  and  spacious,  and 
the  houses  are  neat,  most  of  them  brick,  and 
some  exhibiting  beautiful  architectural  com- 
binations. 

The  harbor  is  capacious  and  safe,  and 
consists  of  an  inner  basin,  into  which  vessels 
of  considerable  burden  can  enter,  and  an 
outer  harbor  at  Fell’s  Point  accessible  to  the 
largest  merchant  ships.  The  entrance  is 
commanded  and  defended  by  Fort  M ‘Henry, 
the  strength  of  which  was  proved  when  at- 
tacked by  the  British  in  the  war  of  1812. 
The  entrance  to  the  outer  harbor  is  about 
600  feet  wide,  and  the  depth  in  the  channel 
22  feet.  Jones’s  Falls,  a small  stream  from 
the  n.,  divides  the  city  into  two  parts, 
and  over  it  are  erected  several  handsome 
stone  and  wooden  bridges.  The  harbor  is 
seldom  obstructed  by  ice. 

The  principal  public  buildings  are  more 
distinguished  for  their  solidity  and  capacious 
dimensions  than  for  their  architectural  gran- 
deur. The  City  Hall,  on  Holiday-street,  is 
a plain  building,  three  stories  high,  having 
a portico  of  four  massive  pillars,  and  is  occu- 
pied by  the  city  council  and  several  public 
offices.  The  Court  House,  corner  of  Monu- 
ment-square and  Lexington-street,  is  a large 
and  commanding  building,  and  is  appropri- 
ated to  the  city  and  county  courts  with 
their  connected  offices.  It  is  145  feet  long 
and  65  feet  wide,  two  stories  high,  and  con- 
structed of  marble  and  brick.  In  front  are 
several  Tuscan  columns,  and  the  whole  is 
surmounted  by  a cupola  of  imposing  appear- 
ance. There  are  eight  market  houses. 
The  State  Penitentiary  consists  of  three 
large  buildings,  besides  workshops  and  other 
structures  and  offices,  and  occupies  four 
acres,  surrounded  by  a stone  wall  20  feet 
high,  which  incloses  fine  gardens.  The 
prisoners  work  in  company  during  the  day, 
and  at  night  are  confined  in  separate  cells. 
The  County  Prison,  near  the  Penitentiary, 
is  a neat  building,  with  embattled  towers 
at  the  end,  and  is  surrounded  by  a cupola ; 
and  there  is  also  a House  of  Refuge.  The 
Exchange  is  a large  and  handsome  edifice, 
366  feet  long  by  140  feet  wide;  and  the 
Roman  Catholic  cathedral  is  perhaps,  with- 
out exception,  the  finest  church  in  the 
Union,  and  excepting  the  cathedral  in  the 
city  of  Mexico,  the  finest  in  North  America. 
It  contains  some  good  paintings. 

Baltimore  has  been  styled  the  “ Monu- 


190 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


PHILIP  P.  SADTLER  & SONS, 


Ifo.  212  Solfiloore  Street,  6ettoeeo  Carles  grjd  St.  2w\, 

Have  constantly  tor  sale  an  assortment  of  SPECTACLES,  MATHEMATICAL  and 
OPTICAL  INSTRUMENTS,  THERMOMETERS,  SPY  GLASSES,  ete.  Specta- 
cles and  Thermometers  repaired.  New  Glasses,  also  pebbles,  fitted  to  Spectacle 
frames.  Their  Spectacles  will  always  be  furnished  with  Glasses  of  the  best  quality, 
and  particular  attention  will  be  given  as  to  the  focus  best  adapted  to  the  sight  of  the 
wearer,  as  great  injury  often  results  from  an  injudicious  selection  of  Glasses,  or  from 
the  use  of  those  of  an  inferior  quality.  Gold,  Silver  and  Steel  Spectacles  by  the  doz- 
en,  well  assorted.  They  also  import  and  manufacture  FINE  WATCHES.  JEWEL- 
RY, SILVER  AND  PLATED  WARE.  Watches  repaired  with  care  by  experienced  workmen. 

CALEB  W.  GREENFIELD, 

236  Lexington  Street,  5 doors  West  of  Green, 

A GENERAL  ASSORTMENT  OF 


AND 

HOUSE  KEEPING  ARTICLES, 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL. 

PLEASE  CALL  A3STD  SEE. 

TTOSTOM  C&3  PRICE, 


FASHIONABLE 

HAT,  CAP  AND  LADIES’  FANCY  FUR  MANUFACTURERS, 

TSTo.  ISO  Baltimore  Street. 

All  articles  in  our  line  constantly  on  hand,  manufactured  and  imported.  Terms  reasonaide^ 


BAL 


BAL 


mental  City.”  Its  monuments,  indeed,  are 
its  greatest  ornaments  and  the  source  of 
much  patriotic  pride  to  the  citizens.  Wash- 
ington monument  is  the  most  imposing  of 
these;  its  base  is  50  feet  square  and.  20  feet 
high,  on  which  is  a pedestal  supporting  a 
Doric  column  of  white  marble  1G0  feet  high 
and  surmounted  by  a colossal  statue  of  the 
“ Father  of  his  Couutry.”  This  column  has  a 
diameter  of  20  feet  at  the  bottom  and  14-  feet 
at  the  top,  and  is  ascended  by  an  inside  circu- 
lar staircase.  The  Batile  monument,  erected 
in  memory  of  the  successful  defence  of  the 
city  when  attacked  by  the  British  in  Sep- 
tember, 1814,  is  an  elegant  marble  obelisk 
52  feet  high,  on  which  are  inscribed  the 
names  of  those  who  fell  in  that  gallant  af- 
fair, and  surmounted  by  a fine  statue  emble- 
matical of  the  city  of  Baltimore. 

The  buildings  devoted  to  collegiate  and 
academic  purposes,  to  public  instruction  and 
to  science,  are  also  worthy  of  attention. 


The  city  is  bountifully  supplied  with  pure 
and  wholesome  water  from  public  springs 
and  fountains.  These  are  inclosed  by  cir- 
cular railings,  and  covered  by  small  open 
templets,  consisting  of  columns  supporting 
a dome,  which  are  highly  ornamental.  The 
city,  however,  derives  its  great  supply  from 
an  elevated  part  of  Jones’  Falls,  from  which 
the  water  is  conducted  through  an  aque- 
duct to  a reservoir  on  Calverfc-street,  whence 
it  is  distributed  in  pipes. 

The  lines  of  travel  diverging  from  Balti- 
more arc — the  Balt,  and  Philadelphia  It.  R., 
97  m.  long;  the  Balt,  and  Susquehanna 
R.  R.,  extending  to  Harrisburg,  Pa. ; and  the 
Balt,  and  Ohio  R.  R.,  with  a Branch  R.  R.  to 
Washington  : and  lines  of  steamships  or 
sail  vessels  ply  to  Philadelphia,  Norfolk  and 
other  Atlantic  ports.  These  great  routes 
of  communication  unite  the  city  with  every 
part  of  the  Union,  aucl  insure  a rapid  and 
certain  transit  to  its  ever  increasing  trade. 


BALTIMORE  COUNTY,  the  most  important  civil  division  of  the  state  in  reference 
to  all  material  and  social  interests,  is  bounded  on  the  s.  by  Chesapeake  Bay  and  Patapsco 
r. ; on  the  w.  by  the  n.  branch  of  the  latter  river  and  Carroll  co. ; on  the  n.  by  the  state 
line,  and  on  the  e.  by  Hartford  co.  and  Little  Gunpowder  Falls.  Within  these  limits  the 
area  is  403,840  acres.  With  a surface  generally  varied  and  uneven,  but  with  no  portion 
incapable  of  agricultural  improvement,  this  county  is  equal  to  the  best  portions  of  the 
state  for  all  industrial  employments.  The  rivers  and  falls  which  traverse  its  interior 
afford  immense  water  power,  and  are  the  sites  of  milling  operations  more  ex  tensive  than  is 
found  in  any  other  portion  of  the  Union.  The  banks  of  the  Patapsco  r.,  G whin’s,  Jones’, 
and  Great  Gunpowder  Falls  and  their  tributaries,  are  literally  alive  with  the  din  of  in- 
dustry, and  have  long  been  the  seats  of  a vast  and  flourishing  trade.  The  soils  are 
usually  thin  and  rocky,  yet  fertile,  and  well  adapted  to  the  production  of  grain  and 
grasses.  An  excellent  wheat  soil  has  been  produced  in  some  parts  of  the  county  by  de- 
composition of  hornblende  rocks,  forming  what  are  called  “ red  lands.”  The  climate  ia 
mild  and  more  constant  than  further  south.  Oak,  hickory,  chestnut,  fir,  maple,  dogwood, 
cedar,  ash,  locust  and  pine  are  the  chief  varieties  of  timber.  Fruit  trees  are  also  abun- 
dant, and  in  many  parts  their  improvement  has  been  cared  for ; and  in  its  variety  and 
abundance  of  esculent  vegetables  the  county  is  pre-eminently  conspicuous.  The  mineral 
productions  of  Baltimore  are  also  important : it  has  several  varieties  of  building  stone, 
and  in  the  vicinity  of  Baltimore  gneiss  is  most  abundant,  and  is  that  generally  used  in 
that  city.  Granite,  hornblende,  quartz  rock,  limestone,  serpentine  and  soapstone  are  the 
kinds  of  rock  which  most  frequently  occur.  The  latter  is  extensively  used  for  furnace 
linings,  &c.,  being  the  best  non-conductor  of  heat  known  to  the  arts.  Iron  and  copper 
ores  and  several  species  of  chrome  are  abundant,  and  have  been  extensively  manufactured. 
There  are  also  found  in  the  county  large  banks  of  red  and  yellow  ochre  and  of  magnesia ; 
and  clay  suitable  for  making  bricks  exists  in  abundance.  Mineral  springs  are  of  frequent 
occurrence,  chiefly  chalybeate,  but  sometimes  calcareous. 

This  county  was  settled  by  English  immigrants,  and  was  named  after  the  proprietary 
and  founder  of  Maryland.  It  was  organized  in  1659.  The  first  inhabitants  were  of  the 
same  class  as  the  original  colonists  of  St.  Mary’s ; but  Baltimore  and  the  neighborhood, 
on  account  of  its  fine  commercial  position  and  other  advantages,  attracted  to  itself  at  an 
early  period  a varied  population — emigrants  from  almost  every  state  of  Europe,  and  with 
them  was  introduced  the  multiplicity  of  industrial  employments  which  so  distinguish  it  at 
the  present  day.  In  1790,  its  population  amounted  to  38,937 ; in  1820,  it  had  increased 
to  96,201 ; in  1830,  to  120,876;  in  1840,  to  134,379,  and  in  1850  it  was  210,646,  of  which 
174,853  were  white  persons,  29,075  free  colored  persons,  and  6,718  slaves;  and  of  the 
aggregate,  exclusive  of  slaves,  142,841  were  natives  of  Maryland,  and  19,169  natives  of 
other  parts  of  the  Union,  and  41,718  were  foreigners,  viz:  22,224  of  German  origin, 
14,558  from  Ireland,  and  3,378  from  Great  Britain ; but  of  this  class  it  may  here  be  stated 


192 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


S.  J 


. SHARP  & CO. 

Commission  Merchants, 

No,  2 Hanover  Street, 

AGENTS  FOR  JOHN  E.  WILDER’S 

FIRE  AND  BURGLAR  PROOF 

mm  i&m 


Please  Read  the  following 

Baltimore,  May  28, 1855. 

John  E.  Wilder,  Esq.,  Boston,  Mass  — We  liad  the 
pleasure  of  seeing  one  of  your  Safes,  which  was  taken 
from  the  ruins  of  Messrs.  Dailey,  Massie  &.  Maupine’s 
Store,  u hich  was  destroyed  by  lire  on  the  night  of  the 
26th  inst.,  and  we  are  happy  to  bear  testimony,  that 
this  Safe,  alter  being  exposed  to  the  fire  for  thirteen 
hours,  < ig'~t  hours  of  which  the  heat  was  most  intense, 
it  was  unlocked,  and  the  Books,  BanK  Notes,  and  val- 
uable documents  were  preserved  in  a perfect  state. 
We  considered  this  test,  which  was  most  severe,  suf- 
ficient to  satisfy  the  most  scrupulous,  and  have  no 
hesitancy  in  recommending  your  Safes  to  the  public 
as  perfectly  reliable.  Very  respectfully,  vours, 

J.  R.  WHITE,  of  the  firm  of  Hiser  & White. 

N.  W.  PAYNTER,  of  the  firm  of  Pegram,  Paynter 
& Davis. 

THUS.  [J.  HOOPER,  Reporter  Baltimore  American. 

C.  D.  SLINGLUFF,  of  the  firm  of  C.  D.  Slingluff  & 
Son. 

DAILEY,  MASSIE  & MAUPINE. 


Letters  from  Reliable  Men. 

Great  Fire  on  North  Paca  Street , Baltimore,  on  the 
night  of  the  4th  of  July,  1855.  F.  Roloson  Co's  Pack- 
ing Establishment  destroyed. 

Baltimore,  July  21st,  1855. 

John  E.  Wilder,  Esq.,  Boston. — Sir:  We  have  been 
so  busy  since  the  fire  which  destroyed  our  warehouses 
on  the  nisrhtofthe  4th  inst..  we  have  not  been  able  to 
give  you  the  particulars  with  regard  to  the  preservation 
of  our  books,  valuable  documents,  Bank  notes,  &c.  in 
two  of  your  Sates.  Our  houses  were  filled  with  bacon, 
and  the  cellars  contained  lard,  which  made  one  of  the 
hottest  fires  that  has  been  in  this  city  for  many  years. 
We  had  full  confidence  in  your  Safes,  and  was  not  dis- 
appointed. Our  books  and  all  the  contents  of  the  Safes 
were  saved  perfect,  as  reported  in  the  different  news- 
pap*  rs  of  this  city  of  the  6th  inst.,  alter  being  exposed 
to  the  flames  for  sixteen  hours. 

Very  respectfully,  yours, 

FRED.  ROLOSON  & CO. 


WEST  OASTLBTON 

MOfciBM  MB  SLATE:  BQMP&BVe 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Clrtmiws  Dims,  fitr  Slabs,  ®ablt  anb  §unaa:  ®irys, 

M!op  Eoard©  Bracliet  JS03lgX'*7-o®, 

In  fact,  the  entire  finish  of  halls  and  dining  rooms,  and  any  other  articles  for  which  Marble  is  used. 

THE  WEST  CASTLETON  MARBLE  is  a beautiful  article,  manufactured  from  Slate  stone,  from  the  Com- 
pany’s own  Quarries  at  West  Castleton,  Vermont,  and  is  enameled  in  imitation  of  the  riehest  and  most  ex- 
pensive Lisbon,  Porphyry,  Pyrennes,  Egyptian,  Brocatella,  Verd  Antique,  Agate,  Spanish,  Galway,  Black,  and 
all  other  rare  and  desirable  marbles.  The  imitations  are  so  perfect  that  they  challenge  the  closest  scrutiny. 
In  style  and  finish  they  stand  unrivaled.  They  are  so  highly  polished  that  they  retain  their  beauty  much  lon- 
ger than  Marble,  and  are  not  injured  by  smoke,  coal-gas  or  acids;  they  have  six  times  the  strength  of  Marble, 
and  their  appearance  is  much  superior.  They  are  sold  cheaper  than  any  thing  of  the  kind  in  the  Market : in- 
deed the  confidence  with  which  they  have  thus  far  been  received,  gives  the  fairest  evidence  that  this  Marble 
will,  by  its  many  advantages,  supersede  all  others. 

Prices  of  Pier  Slabs  and  Table  Tops,  Plain  Edges,  $1 .12)£  per  foot;  Serpentine  and  O G do.,  $1  25  per 
foot,  of  Egyptian,  Brocatella,  or  any  other  colors  that  may  be  desired.  A liberal  deduction  made  to  the  Trade. 

AGENTS  FOR  THE  STATE  OF  MARYLAND  : 

J.  SHARP  GO. 

1ST  0_  S HANOVER  STREET. 

The  above  Company  also  manufacture  Billiard  Table  Beds,  which,  for  strength,  solidity  and  smoothness,  can- 
not be  surpassed,  and  will  not  warp.  Black  Boards  for  Schools,  of  all  dimensions.  Butter,  Meat,  Washing  and 
Bathing  Tubs,  Sinks,  Shelves  for  Closets  and  Refrigerators,  and  Table  Tops  for  Kitchens.  All  the  above  arti- 
cles are  superior  to  any  others,  on  account]  of  their  cleanliness,  being  proof  against  Grease  or  Oils.  Regis- 
ter Frames,  Hearths,  Grave  Covers,  Shelving  for  Tombs,  Tomb  doors,  Grave  Stones,  Plain  and]Catved 
Cemeiery  Fences  of  the  mostapproved  Patterns,  Window  Caps  and  Sills,  Garden  Bordering,  Flagging,  Currier’s 
Stones,  Printer’s  Slabs,  and  Slabs  of  any  size  not  over  5 feet  by  12  feet,  of  any  thickness,  &c. 

The  durability  and  strength  of  the  above  articles  recommend  them  beyond  any  thing  else  that  has  ever  been 
used.  They  are  finished  in  the  best  manner,  and  all  orders  executed  promptly. 

NEWELL  STUETEVANT,  President,  Boston. 

ALBERT  STURTEVANT,  Superintendent  at  the  Quarry,  West  Castleton,  Vt. 


B AL 


BAL 


that  35,617  were  domiciled  in  the  city  of  Baltimore,  leaving  only  6,301  foreigners  in  the 
rural  districts.  The  population,  as  above  accounted-for,  was  distributed  in  34,925  families, 
and  occupied  30,065  dwellings.  Deaf  and  dumb,  71 ; blind,  89 ; insane,  297 ; and  idiotic, 
76.  Marriages  in  1849-50,  1,826;  births,  6,365;  and  deaths,  4,247.  Slaves — manumit- 
ted, 33,  and  fugitive,  54. 

The  number  of  farms  in  1850  is  stated  at  1,655,  covering  173,106  acres  improved  land, 
and  119,551  acres  unimproved  land;  and  the  cash  value  of  these  was  $10,242,218.  Va- 
lue of  farming  implements,  and  machinery,  $316,013.  The  live  stock  within  the  county 
consisted  of  5,962  horses,  418  asses  and  mules,  9,024  milch  cows,  741  working  oxen, 
3,211  other  cattle,  9,922  sheep,  and  21,677  swine,  valued  at  $655,743.  The  principal  agri- 
cultural products  of  the  year,  ending  1st  June,  1850,  were — 


Article.  Quantity. 

Wheat, . . . .bushels 234,187 

Rye, “ 15,236 

Indian  corn,  “ 755,224 

Oats “ 280,288 

Barley, “ 205 

Buckwheat,.  “ 12,299 

Peas  and  beans,  “ 825 

Irish  potatoes,  “ 141,119 


Article.  Quantity. 

Tobacco, pounds..  20 

Hay, tons 21,810 

Cloverseed,  — bushels..  573 
Other  grass  seed,  “ ..  200 

Wine,.... gallons  ..  56 

Wool, pounds..  19,745 

Butter, “ ..355,700 

Cheese, “ ..  10 


Article.  Value. 

Products  of  orchards $8,045 

“ market  gar- 
dens   115,590 

Home  made  goods 10 

Value  of  animals  slaugh- 
tered  108,808 


The  most  valuable  portion  of  the  manufactures  of  the  county  belong  to  the  city  of  Bal- 
timore, and  are  described  under  their  appropriate  head.  The  number  of  industrial  estab- 
lishments, exclusive  of  those  of  the  city,  was,  in  1850,  134,  and  the  capital  invested 
amounted  to  $3,387,410 ; value  of  raw  material,  fuel,  &c.,  used  in  the  previous  year, 
$2,791,319;  average  number  of  hands  employed — males,  1,926,  and  females,  1,451;  aver- 
age amount  of  monthly  wages — to  males,  $36,249,  and  to  females,  $14,764;  value  of  pro- 
ducts for  the  year,  $4,123,503.  The  most  extensive  establishments  are  those  manufactur- 
ing cotton,  flour,  and  iron ; but  there  are  others  of  scarcely  less  importance. 


Manufac- 

No. of  Estab- 

Capital in- 

tures. 

lishments. 

vested. 

Cotton  goods 

.$1,713,000. 

Woolen  goods 

. 134,200. 

Paper 

. ' 69,400. 

Leather-tanneries . . . . 

75,000. 

Iron  mines 

13 

26,700. 

“ furnaces 

2 

. 350,000. 

u forges  

1 

. 21,000. 

“ nail  mills 

105,000. 

Copper  mines 

1 

1,000. 

“ refining 

45,000, 

Flour  mills 

20 

. 500,500. 

Grist  “ 

20 

56,500. 

Distillers 

91,500. 

Value  of  raw 

—Hands  employed.—, 

Value  of 

material. 

Males. 

Females. 

products. 

$853,461.... 

...617... 

...1,317 

..$1,258,512 

105,000.... 

...  76... 

...  73 

,.  159,900 

80,501 

...  69... 

...  43 

..  152,740 

52,445 

. ..  35... 

77,700 

...179... 

— 

..  133,000 

163,053.... 

...165... 

■ — - 

145,000 

13,420 

...  16... 

20,700 

56,700.... 

...140... 

140,000 

...  23... 



5,375 

105,400.’.., 

...  15... 



115,500 

1,085,272..., 

...  70... 



..  1,340,426 

77,800... 

...  25... 

95,150 

133,481..., 

...  30... 

— 

..  157,700 

And  in  addition  to  those  enumerated,  there  are  2 agricultural  implement  factories,  em- 
ploying 10  hands;  7 blacksmitheries,  with  21  hands;  7 brickfields,  with  307  hands;  1 
chandlery,  with  50  hands;  1 machine  shop,  with  30  hands;  2 powder  mills,  with  9 
hands ; 2 bark  mills,  with  7 hands ; 3 wheelwright  shops,  with  6 hands,  &c.  The  prin- 
cipal moving  power  employed  is  water — steam  is  used  in  the  cotton  factories,  iron  fur- 
naces, and  in  some  few  other  establishments. 

The  average  monthly  wages  of  a farm  hand  with  board,  is  $8,  and  the  wages  of  a day 
laborer  50  cents  with  board  and  75  cents  without.  Carpenters’  wages  average,  without 
board,  $1  12  a day;  and  female  domestics  receive  an  average  of  $1  per  week  with  board. 
The  price  of  board  to  laboring  men  is  about  $2  a week. 

The  value  of  real  and  personal  estate  in  the  county  was,  in  1850,  $13,546,132;  and  the 
amount  of  all  taxes  $70,880,  or  about  5 mills  on  each  $100— state  tax  $32,605,  county 
tax  $32,605,  and  school  tax  $5,670. 

There  were  in  the  county  in  1850,  62  primary  and  public  schools,  with  62  teachers, 
and  1,908  scholars:  total  cost  of  support  $17,431,  of  which  $5,670  was  raised  by  tax,  and 
$3,800  was  received  from  public  funds,  the  remainder  from  other  sources.  At  the  same 
time  there  were  9 academies  and  other  schools,  with  13  teachers  and  205  pupils : cost  of 
support  $15,500,  of  which  was  from  endowment  funds  $3,000,  and  from  other  sources 
$12,500.  The  aggregate  number  of  children  attending  school  in  the  year  1849-50  was 

25 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


194 


STEAM 


The  undersigned  would  most  respectfully  call  the  attention  of  the  Trade  to  his 
stock  of  Hard  and  Soft  Wood  Chairs.  Haying  increased  his  facilities  for  the  man- 
ufacture of  all  kinds  of 

Halraii,  ©at,  iUaplt,  Cjjcrrg  anb  ^aplar  Cjrairs, 

Of  the  latest  styles  and  of  the  best  material,  can  sell  them  at  prices  to  suit  the 
times.  Keeps  constantly  on  hand, 

BED  POSTS,  TABLE  LEGS,  STAND  LEGS, 

mim  mmm;  mm  oraa  ships. 

Chair  Stuff,  Chair  Seats,  Caned  Rocking  Chair  Seats  and  Backs. 


NURSE  CHAIRS,  OFFICE  CHAIRS, 

DICING  ROOM  CHAIRS, 
O£i.:o.e  efcs  Wood  Seat 


In  fact,  every  thing  appertaining  to  the  Chair  Business.  TURNING  of  all  kinds 
done  to  order.  SCHOLL  SAWING-  of  all  kinds  executed  in  the  best  manner. 

Healers  out  of  the  City  will  find  it  very  much  to  their  advantage  to  give  me  a call 
before  purchasing  elsewhere. 

BARTON  J.  SPARKLIN, 

No.  10  East  Falls  Avenue. 


J&3T  We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Healers  to  Mr.  Sparklin’s  facilities 
for  manufacturing  Chairs.  The  advantages  of  purchasing  from  first  hands  are 
well  known  to  merchants.  Therefore,  we  would  just  advise  them  to  call  and 
examine  for  themselves  before  purchasing  elsewhere. — Editor. 


CEC 


CEC 


undulating,  but  in  some  parts  broken  and  hilly.  The  soil  is  light  and  loamy,  with  a red- 
dish clay  subsoil.  There  are  some  few  tracts  of  what  is  called  “while-oak  soil,”  and 
some  barren  hills  of  gravel.  Granite,  gneiss,  mica  and  slate  occur  in  the  upper  part  of 
the  county.  At  Port  Deposit,  there  are  immense  and  valuable  granite  quart ics;  soap- 
stone is  i’ound  in  several  parts  along  the  line  of  the  Susquehanna  river;  iron  ores, 
chromes,  &c..  abound  on  the  northern  line;  and  large  deposits  of  mineral  found  here  are 
washed  and  made  into  Epsom  Salts  and  Magnesia;  marl  is  abundant,  especially  on 
Bohemia  r.,  and  is  used  as  a fertilizer.  The  natural  growths  of  the  county  comprise 
white  and  black  oak,  chestnut,  pine,  and  hickory. 

This  county  was  organized  in  1674.  The  first  settlers  were  Srvcdes,  from  Delaware 
Bay,  who  arrived  here  in  J.G40.  The  population,  in  1790,  was  13,625;  in  1S20,  it  had 
increased  to  16,048;  in  1S30,  it  was  only  15.432;  hut  in  1840,  it  had  again  increased  to 
17,230;  and  in  1850,  it  was  18,939  : namely,  15,472  white  persons;  2,023  free  colored 
persons,  and  844  slaves;  and  of  the  population,  slaves  excluded,  14,358  were  natives  of 
Maryland  2,949  of  other  parts  of  the  Union,  and  788  of  foreign  states.  Dwellings, 
3,056,  and  families,  3,114.  Births  in  1849-50,  493  ; marriages,  53;  and  deaths,  227. 
"Deaf  and  dumb.  8 : blind,  8 ; insane,  10;  and  idiotic.  31. 

There  were  in  the  county  on  the  1st  June,  1850,  1,208  farms,  covering  1 15,866  acres  im- 
proved lands,  and  63,821  acres  unimproved  lands,  together  valued  at  $5,224,556  The  value 
of  farming  implements  and  machinery  was  $107,184.  Of  the  live  stock,  the  following  num- 
bers were  ascertained:  3,254  horses,  80  asses  and  mules,  4, 184  milch  cows,  1,522  work- 
ing oxen,  4,939  other  cattle,  4,705  sheep,  and  9,767  swine,  valued  in  the  aggregate  at 
$377,135;  and  the  products  of  animals  were — wool.  17,373  pounds;  butter,  279,078 
pounds;  cheese,  1.225  pounds  : and  the  value  of  animals  slaughtered,  was  $77,868.  The 
quantity  of  beeswax  and  honey  returned,  was  1,113  pounds.  The  products  of  the  soii 
were — wheat,  1GS,H2  bushels;  rye,  232;  Indian  corn,  410,060;  oats,  208.380;  barley, 
6 ; buckwheat,  5,G73 ; Irish  potatoes,  45,812  ; and  sweet  potatoes,  427  bushels.  The 
value  of  orchard  products  was  $5,837,  and  of  market-garden  products,  $125.  Other 
products  were — hay,  9,2SS  tons;  clover-seed.  2,777  bushels,  other  grass-seed,  200 
bushels;  hops,  39  pounds;  dew-rotted  hemp,  3 tons;  flax,  155  pounds;  flax-seed,  11 
bushels  ; and  silk  cocoons,  2 pounds.  The  value  of  home-made  manufactures  was  $634. 

At  the  above  date  there  were  in  the  county  170  industrial  establishments;  capital  in- 
vested in  manufactures,  $527,990  ; value  of  raw  material,  &c.,  consumed,  $418,062  ; hands 
employed — 774  males,  and  119  females;  average  monthly  wages  paid — males,  $15,522; 
and  females,  $1,134.  Value  of  products  in  1849-50,  $776,857.  The  principal  branches 
were  as  follows : 


Establishments. 

No. 

Capital. 

Hands. 

Products. 

Agricul.  irnpl 

..17. 

.$7,150. 

...46... 

..$25,210 

Blacksmiths 

..  31. 

. 7.500. 

...76... 

..  31.900 

Brick 

...1. 

.20,000. 

Cabinetware 

, ...  5. 

. 6,600. 

...12... 

..  5-200 

Earthenware 

o 

. 1.200. 

..  2,800 

Factories,  cotton  . 

9 

.48,000. 

...97... 

..  89,284 

“ woolen 

5. 

.31.500. 

...45... 

..  45,754 

Establishment*.  No.  Capital.  Hands.  Products. 

Foundries 1 . - $1 ,800 2 $2,000 

Furnaces 2...  68,000..  .204 81,000 

Mills,  flour 22.. 104, 600 35 121,000 

“ grist 8. ..32, 400 15 57,548 

“ paper 3. ..42, 500 16 42,000 

“ rolling 3.  ..111,000 70 86,000 

Tanneries 2. ...10,000 7 8,850 


And,  besides  the  above,  the  census  enumerates  3 bake-houses,  24  boot  and  shoe  shops,  3 
carpenters’  shops,  8 clothiers.  3 carriage  factories,  1 edge  tool  factory,  1 bark  mill,  1 clover 
mill,  4 saw  mills,  7 millineries,  1 mill-wright  shop,  4-  saddleries,  4 stone  quarries,  and  2 
tin  sheps.  W ater  is  used  as  the  moving  power  in  all  cases,  except  in  the  iron  foundries, 
in  which  steam  power  is  employed. 

The  average  wages  to  a farm-hand,  with  board,  is  $10  a month;  a day  laborer  50 
cents,  with  board,  and  75  cents  without;  a carpenter,  $1  a day ; and  to  a female  domestic, 
with  board,  75  cents  a week.  Average  price  of  board  to  laboring  men,  $1  75  a week. 

The  value  of  real  and  personal  estate  in  1850,  was  $5,191,099,  (true  valuation, 
$6,500,000;)  and  the  amount  of  taxation  assessed  thereon,  $38,386,  of  which  $13,452  was 
state  tax,  and  $25,334  county  tax.  The  county,  in  1849-50,  supported,  at  an  expense  of 
$2,200,  48  paupers,  of  which  41  were  receiving  aid  on  the  1st  of  June  of  the  latter  year. 

Education  is  provided  for  in  51  primary  and  public  schools,  and  in  4 academies  and 
other  schools.  During  the  year  ending  1st  June,  1850,  2,555  scholars  had  been  attend- 
ing school ; and  at  the  date  above  named,  there  were  in  the  primary  and  public  schools 
1,331  scholars,  and  in  the  academies,  &c.,  182  pupils.  The  expenses  of  the  first 
were,  for  the  year,  $12,760,  and  of  the  latter,  $2,372.  There  were,  at  the  same  date,  29 


208 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


GERARD  H.  REESE.  T.  MOORE  REESE.  CHARLES  REESE.  EDWARD  REESE. 

G.  H.  REESE  & BROTHERS, 

TEA  DEALERS  AND  GROCERS, 

207  and  209  Pratt  Street,  a few  doors  above  Hanover. 

C.  C.  SCHIEFEBBECKEB,  M.  D. 


I© SB 

ifti  Ml 


Corner  of  Pratt  and  Eutaw  streets. 


sxot:d.a.xljJLx. 


' JIscAd  cAd  qAoiAd  cAjcAd  R JL^clo  X JkJ  Jb 'Jk. UkiA  J 

TSF  o . 115  HI1LEN  STREET, 


NEAR  BEL  AIR  MARKET. 


G.  H.  LEONARD  & CO. 

3VE^^TXJ^PA.CTTJKEPtS  OF 

3ME  AHOGAKTT  3FL£D>  £5  3Z1  XS7-  C2Q  IO 

itorfeing  Uglass  Jframcs  ani  fftaMnga, 

PICTURE  FRAMES,  <&  C . 


AND  DEALERS  IX 


Looking  Glass  Plates,  Clocks,  Furniture  Knobs,  &c. 

70  SOUTH  CHARLES  STREET, 

GAULT  & BROTHER, 

SUCCESSORS  TO  EMERY  & GAULT, 

CONTINUE  TO  FURNISH,  AT  THE  OLD  STAND, 

No.  412  "W.  Street, 

ALL  ZKUXTIDS  OIF 

Granite  Work  ANortli  River  Flagging, 

AT  SHORT  NOTICE  AND  REASONABLE  PRICES. 

Our  Quarries,  near  the  Railroad,  midway  between  Washington  and  Baltimore, 
produce  the  finest  quality  of  Granite  in  the  Country. 


CEC 


CHA 


libraries,  with  9,336  volumes,  in  the  county ; viz : 3 private,  with  4,100  volumes ; and  26 
Sunday  School  libraries,  'with  5,236  volumes.  Two  newspapers  were  published  weekly  at 
Elkton.  The  number  of  “ Adults  that  cannot  read  and  write”  was  157  whites  and  696 
free  colored. 

There  were  39  churches  in  the  county,  capable  of  accommodating  10,020  persons, 
and  the  value  of  church  property  was  $92,900 ; the  Episcopalians  had  3 churches,  with 
accommodation  for  750;  the  Friends  had  2 churches,  for  600;  *the  Methodists  26 
churches,  for  7,370 ; the  Presbyterians  5 churches,  for  550 ; and  the  Homan  Catholics  3 
churches,  for  750  persons. 

Elkton  is  the  county  seat  of  justice,  and  the  following  are  the  principal  villages  and  post- 
offices  : Blue  Ball,  Brick  Meeting-House,  Cecilton,  Charlestown,  Cherry  Hill,  Chesapeake 
City,  College  Green,  Fair  Hill,  Northeast,  Perryville,  Port  Deposit,  Principio  Furnace,  Ris- 
ing Sun,  Rock  Springs,  Rowlandsville,  South  Milford,  Warwick,  Wood  Lawn  and  Zion. 


Cecilton,  p.  v.,  Cecil  co.  Situate  3 m. 
N.  of  Sassafras  r.,  14  m.  s.  of  Elkton,  and 
78  m.  n.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Cedar  Point,  St.  Mary’s  co.  A point  of 
land  at  the  mouth  of  Patuxent  r.,  jutting 
towards  Chesapeake  Bay. 

Centreville,  co.  seat  and  p.  o.,  Queen 
Anne  co.  Situate  at  the  head  of  Corsica 
cr.,  9 m.  from  Chester  r.,  39  e.  by  n.  of 
Annapolis,  and  79  e.  by  n.  of  Washington. 
It  is  pleasantly  situated,  in  a fertile  tract  of 


country,  and  contains  a court-house,  county 
prison,  an  academy,  Methodist  church,  and 
several  handsome  buildings.  Pop.  200. 

Chapman  Town,  v.,  Charles  co.  Situate 
one  mile  w.  of  Allen’s  Fresh  and  Zachiah 
Swamp,  and  8 m.  e.  of  Port  Tobacco. 

Chaptico,  p.  v.,  St.  Mary’s  co.  Situate 
on  the  s.  side  of  Chaptico  cr.,  3 m.  from 
Wicomico  r.,  8 m.  w.  of  Leonardtown,  and 
75  s.  of  Annapolis.  Chaptico  cr.  is  naviga- 
ble for  sloops  to  the  village. 


CHARLES  COUNTY  occupies  a large  tract  of  294,400  acres  between  the  Patuxent 
and  Potomac  rivers,  with  Prince  George  county  on  the  north,  and  St.  Mary’s  on  the 
south-east  Its  surface  is  similar  in  character  to  the  whole  shore  region  of  Maryland,  low 
and  sandy,  with  scarcely  a rock  in  its  whole  extent.  The  soil  is  naturally  indifferent,  and 
has  been  much  exhausted  by  neglectful  culture,  but  the  farmers  are  at  the  present  time 
using  means  to  restore  and  improve  it.  It  is  well  drained  by  a number  of  streams,  flow- 
ing to  the  rivers,  which  inclose  it  on  two  sides,  and  large  inlets  indent  its  southern  coast. 
This  is  entirely  an  agricultural  county,  and  much  of  its  industry  is  devoted  to  tobacco- 
growing, but,  perhaps,  even  a surplus  of  grain  is  also  produced.  The  lands  are  essentially 
proper  for  the  weed , and  its  climate  being  warm  and  moist,  is  congenial.  In  respect  of 
commerce^  it  has  many  facilities  in  its  navigable  waters  and  good  harbors.  Port  Tobacco, 
however,  is  its  chief  outlet,  and  here  is  a great  tobacco  market.  The  natural  timbers 
of  the  county  are — locust,  oak,  cedar,  ash,  and  persimmon,  and  its  fruit  trees  are  various 
and  abundant. 

The  first  settlements  were  made  within  the  limits  of  this  county  in  1640,  by  emigrants 
from  St.  Mary’s,  where  the  original  pilgrims  formed  the  nucleus  of  the  colony.  The 
county  was  organized  in  1658.  It  has  never  had  a large  population.  In  1790,  it  con- 
tained 20,613  inhabitants ; in  1820,  it  was  found  to  have  decreased  its  numbers  /to 
16,500;  in  1830,  its  population  amounted  to  17,666;  in  1840,  to  16,023  ; and  in  1850,  to 
16.162,  of  which  5,665  were  white  persons,  913  free  colored  persons,  and  9,584  slaves; 
and  of  the  population,  exclusive  of  slaves,  6,463  were  born  in  Maryland,  87  in  other 
states  of  the  Union,  ard  28  io  foreign  countries — a most  domestic  community,  untilled 
by  the  guano  of  foreign  exavium.  Dwellings,  1,335 ; and  families,  1,335.  Deaf  and 
dumb,  3;  blind,  5;  insane,  6;  and  idiotic,  7.  Slaves — manumitted  during  the  year  2, 
and  fugitive  6. 

There  were  in  1850,  709  farms  in  the  county,  covering  126,232  acres  improved  lands, 
and  115,120  acres  unimproved  lands,  valued  together  at  $2,472,279.  The  value  of  agri- 
cultural implements  was  $57,785.  The  amount  of  live  stock  owned  was-  -horses,  2,698 , 
asses  and  mules,  744 : milch  cows,  2,895 ; working  oxen,  2,988 ; other  cattle,  5,899 ; 
sheep,  10,116;  and  swine,  1,615;  and  the  value  of  all,  collectively,  was  $293,266.  The 
products  of  the  soil  for  the  year  ending  1st  June,  1850,  were — wheat,  149,533  bushels ; 
rye,  4,309 ; Indian  corn,  458,348 ; oats,  25,684 ; barley,  50,  and  buckwheat,  13  bushels  • 
peas  and  beans’,  868  bushels;  Irish  potatoes,  11,752,  and  sweet  potatoes,  3,631  bushels; 
tobacco,  2,862,300  pounds ; hay,  235  tons ; clover-seed,  5 bushels,  &c.,  &c.  The  value 
of  orchard  products  was  $591,  and  of  market-garden  products,  $1,202.  The  products  of 
animals  were — wool,  20,928  pounds,  and  butter,  42,315  pounds;  and  the  value  of  ani- 

27 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


2J0 


JAMES  POY, 


3>TO.  0 LIGHT  STREET, 


TWO  DOORS  BELOW  THE  FOUNTAIN  HOTEL, 

% 


trunks,  VALISES,  &o. 


WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL. 

Steel  Spring  Sole  Leather  Trunks,  Fine  Saddles  and  Harness,  expressly  for 
City  trade,  always  on  hand,  or  made  to  order,  at  the  lowest  prices. 


L.  ELMER,  Silversmith.  E.  SIPES,  Practical  Watchmaker. 


ELL 


FOR 


confluence  with  Chesapeake  Bay  at  Turkey 
Point.  The  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  and 
Baltimore  It.  It.  passes  the  town  a little  to 
the  north.  The  place  is  well  built,  and  the 
public  buildings  are  a court-house  and  the 
county  prison. 

Ellengowan,  p.  o.,  Baltimore  co. 

Elltcott’s  Mills,  p.  v.,  Howard  co.  Situ- 
ate on  Patapsco  r.,  12  m.  w.  of  Baltimore, 
and  40  n.  w.  of  Annapolis.  The  Baltimore 
and  Ohio  R.  R.  passes  through  the  place. 
The  whole  vicinity  is  one  scene  of  produc- 
tive industry,  and  here  is  the  greatest  centre 
of  flouring  mills  in  the  Union.  In  1S50  the 
population  amounted  to  1,059,  of  which 
number  19G  were  free  colored  persons. 
The  “Howard  Gazette,”  a -weekly  news- 
paper, is  published  here.  Much  grand 
scenery  is  found  within  a circuit  of  10  miles. 

Elysvjlle,  p.  v.,  Howard  co.  Si  tuate  on 
Patapsco  r.  and  on  the  line  of  the  Balt,  and 
Ohio  R.  R.,  20  in.  w.  of  Baltimore  city ; it 
contains  1 cotton  factory,  1 oakum  factory, 
1 store,  1 church,  1 school,  and  106  in- 
habitants. The  houses  are  in  general  built 
of  stone  or  brick.  The  vicinity  is  thickly 
settled,  and  in  a highly  flourishing  condi- 
tion, both  in  respect  of  its  industrial  and 
agricultural  interests.  The  lands  are  gen- 
erally fertile,  and  afford  considerable  quan- 
tities of  produce  for  market. 

Emmettsburg,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  w.  side  of  Flat  Run,  a tributary 
of  Tom’s  cr.,  and  extending  back  almost  to 
that  stream.  Distant  22  m.  n.  of  Frederick 
city,  and  SO  n.  w.  of  Annapolis.  A literary 
journal,  the  “ Emmettsburg  Star,”  is  pub- 
lished here : and  there  are  a number  of  re- 
ligious and  literary  institutions  belonging  to 
the  Roman  Catholics  in  the  vicinity.  In  1850 
the  population  of  the  town  was  756  white 
persons  and  56  free  colored  persons — total 
812. 

Evitt’s  Creek,  Alleghany  co.  Rises  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  flows  south  between 
Wells’  and  Evitt’s  Mountains  into  the  Po- 
tomac, which  river  it  joins  about  4 m.  e.  of 
Cumberland. 

Fair  Haven,  v.,  Calvert  co.  Situate -ott 
the  s.  w.  side  of  Herring  Bay,  20  m.  n.  of 
Prince  Frederick  Town. 

Fair  Hill,  p.  v.,  Cecil  co.  Situate  on  w. 
side  of  Big  Elk  Run,  10  m.  n.  of  Elkton,  and 
90  n.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Fair  Play,  v.,  Washington  co.  Situate 
on  the  w.  side  of  Antietam  cr.,  10  m.  s.  of 
Hagerstown. 

Fair  View,  p.  v.,  Washington  co. 

Fallston,  p.  v.,  Harford  co.  Distant 
8 m.  from  Bel- Air,  and  88  m.  of  Annapolis. 
Farmington,  v.,  Cecil  co.  Situate  1 m. 


w.  of  the  west  branch  of  North-East,  r.,  14 

m.  w.  n.  w.  of  Elkton,  and  82  n.  e.  of  An- 
napolis. 

Federalseurg,  p.  v.,  Caroline  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  e.  side  of  Marshy  Hope  cr.,  near 
the  county  line,  24-  m.  n.  e.  of  Cambridge, 
and  65  e.  s.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Fenwick’s  Island,  partly  in  Delaware 
and  partly  in  Maryland,  is  a long  narrow 
beach  island  lying  between  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  and  Sinepuxent  Bay.  In  its  more 
southern  portion  it  is  called  “Assateague 
Islaud.” 

Fifteen  Mile  Creek,  Alleghany  co.  Rises 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  after  breaking  through 
the  gorges  of  Town  Hill,  reaches  the 
Potomac  4 m.  w.  of  Washington  co.  line. 
Rock  Lick,  a stream  draining  the  valley  be- 
tween Green  Mountain  and  Town  Hill,  i3 
its  principal  affluent. 

Finksburg,  p.  v.,  Carroll  co.  Situate  on 
the  w.  side  of  Cranberry  Run  or  North 
Branch  of  Patapsco  River,  6 m.  s.  e.  of 
Westminster,  and  51  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Fishing  Bay,  Dorchester  co.  A large 
bay  at  the  s.  end  of  the  county,  into  which 
Nanticoke  r.  and  other  streams  empty 
themselves.  It  is  entered  between  Bishop’s 
Head  and  Nanticoke  Point,  and  about  its 
centre  is  Clay  Island,  on  which  is  a light- 
house, about  5 m.  long  from  e.  to  w.,  and 
4 m.  deep  from  n.  to  s.  It  covers  about  20 
square  miles. 

Fishing  Creek,  Frederick  co.  A tribu- 
tary of  Monocacy  r.,  from  Catoctin  Moun- 
tain. Several  flourishing  villages  are  loca- 
ted on  its  banks. 

Flintstone  Creek,  Alleghany  co.  A 
large  stream,  from  Pennsylvania,  flowing  s. 
to  Town  cr.  and  Potomac  r. 

Flintstone,  v.,  Alleghany  co.  Situate 
on  the  Hancock  turnpike,  where  it  crosses 
Flintstone  cr.,  10  m.  e.  of  Cumberland, 

156  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Fork  Meeting -House,  p.  o.,  Baltimore  co. 
Situate  on  the  s.  side  of  Great  Falls  of  Gun- 
powder r.,  18  m.  n.  e.  of  Baltimore,  and  46 

n.  n.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Fork  Town,  p.  v.,  Somerset  co.  Situate 
on  the  e.  line  of  the  county,  10  m.  e.  n.  e. 
of  Princess  Anne,  and  99  s.  s.  e.  of  An- 
napolis. 

Fort  Frederick,  Washington  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  n.  side  of  Potomac  r.,  and  on 
the  lines  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  canal 
and  the  Balt,  and  Ohio  R.  R.,  14  m.  w.  of 
Hagerstown. 

Fort  Hill,  Alleghany  co.  A high  ridge 
on  the  n.  w.  bank  of  Potomac  r.,  15  m.  s. 
w.  of  Cumberland. 

Fort  Washington,  p.  o.,  Prince  George 
co.  Situate  on  the  extreme  w.  point  of  the 


224 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


G.  S.  GRIFFITH. 


G.  S.  GRIFFITH  & BROTHER, 

212SI)oIesaIe  anti  Betail  Sealers  in  jfom'gtt  atth  Somtstic 


A.  G.  GRIFFITH. 


<^r> 


n® 


hm 


A>>  ->  >j.  * «->  > > i 

M ATTIl^OS,  cfcJO. 

3STO-  ‘77’  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

BETWEEN  GAY  STREET  AND  TRIPOLETT’s  ALLEY. 

THOMAS  E.  MEG-HAW, 

(SUCCESSOR  TO  WM  RAMSAY,) 

iimi  lAiifimni, 

No.  11  NORTH  HOWARD  STREET, 

Has  constantly  on  hand  as  good  an  assortment  of  Brushes,  of  every  variety,  as 
can  be  found  in  the  City,  or  elsewhere,  wholesale  or  retail, 

©if  aass&afrsfaaai, 

Cotton  (0>in  JBrcsscr,  ifnlling  anb  oilier  Brushes  for  .factors  use, 

If  not  on  hand,  made  to  order  at  the  shortest  notice,  at  his  Manufactory,  and  WARRANTED 
OF  THE  FIRST  QUALITY.  Also,  Sole  Manufacturer  of 

STANLEY  S IMPROVED  PAINT  AND  VARNISH  BRUSHES. 

ROBERT  LAWSON, 

SADDLE,  TRUNK,  HARNESS  AND  COLLAR 

jRJnnnfartortr, 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL, 

294  Balt.  St,  cor.  Sharp, 

I have  removed  from  my  old  stand  on  Liberty  street,  to  the  large  four 
story  building,  No.  294  Baltimore  street,  corner  of  Sharp,  ‘where  I am  prepared  to  furnish  all 
goods  in  my  line  at  the  lowest  possible  rates. 

J^**Country  merchants  are  requested  to  call  and  examine  my  stock  and  prices,  as  I pledge 
myself  to  duplicate  any  bill  made  in  any  of  the  Eastern  or  Nothern  cities. 


PATENTEE  OF  THE 


Double  Ice  Pitcher, 
in  which  ice  lasts 
three  times  as  long  as 
in  common  pitchers. 


& ** 

Manufactured  and  Sold  by  j 

JAMES  H.  STIMPSGN, 

370  W.  Baltimore  Street, 

FIRST  STORE  WEST  OF  THE  EUTAW  HOUSE. 

iflrrtrn  lilntr  flitting  ntitjjt  ^rratsrs. 

Chemical  Works  S.  Side  of  the  Harbor. 


PATENTEE  OF  THE 


Improved  Butter  Cooler, 
in  which  Butter  is  har- 
d e n e d without  contact 
with  ice. 


FOX 


FEE 


I peninsula  formed  between  Swan  cr.  and 
| Piscataway  r.,  of  4lie  Potomac  r.,  21  m.  s. 
w.  of  Upper  Marlboro’,  40  s.  w.  of  Annapo- 
lis, and  15  s.  of  Washington,  D.  C. 

Fox’s  Gap,  Washington  co.  A pass  of 
| South  Mountain,  14  m.  s.  e.  of  Hagers- 
! town. 

Franklin,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate 
on  the  n.  side  of  Dead  Run  of  Gwinn’s 
Falls,  and  on  the  post-road  4 m.  w.  of  Bal- 
timore city,  32  m.  n.  of  Annapolis. 

Franklinville,  v.,  Alleghany  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  Balt.  & Ohio  R.  R.,  2,000  feet 
above  tide-water  of  Potomac  r.,  36  m.  s. 
w.  of  Cumberland,  and  202  w.  n.  w.  of 
Annapolis. 

Franklinville,  p.  v.,  Carroll  co. 

Franklin ville,  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situ- 
ate at  the  w.  base  of  Parr’s  Ridge,  16  m.  e. 
of  Frederick  city. 

Frederick,  v.,  Cecil  co.  Situate  on  the 
n.  side  of  Sassafras  r.,  12  m.  from  its  con- 
fluence with  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  17  m.  s. 

| in  a direct  line  from  Elkton. 

Frederick,  city,  co.  seat  and  p.  o.  Situ- 
, ate  on  Carroll’s  cr.,  a branch  of  Monocacy 
; r.,  3 m.  w.  from  the  latter:  75  m.  n.  w.  of 
Annapolis,  and  43  n.  n.  w.  of  Washington. 
The  valley  of  Monocacy  r.  is  equally  re- 
markable for  its  beauty  of  position,  its  rich 
agricultural  resources,  and  its  mineral  j 


wealth.  Frederick  is  the  depot  of  this 
rich  district,  and  is,  in  point  of  wealth  and 
elegance,  the  second  city  of  Maryland.  It 
is  regularly  laid  out,  with  wide  streets, 
crossing  each  other  at  right  angles,  and 
contains  a court-house,  which  is  a substan- 
tial and  neat  building ; the  county -jail,  and 
the  other  usual  public  offices;  a number  of 
church  edifices,  some  of  them  spacious,  and 
of  fine  architecture ; two  banks ; several 
literary  and  scientific  institutions,  and  about 
1,000  dwellings,  mostly  of  brick  or  stone. 
St.  John’s  College,  and  several  of  the 
Catholic  institutions  are  located  in  Fred- 
erick. In  1850  the  population  amounted  to 
6,028 — white  persons,  4,786;  free  colored 
persons,  822,  and  slaves,  420 ; and  in  this 
respect  it  is  the  third  place  of  importance 
in  the  state.  Baltimore  and  Cumberland 
only  having  larger  numbers  of  inhabitants. 
Five  newspapers — 3 whig,  1 democratic, 
and  1 literary,  are  published  here  every 
week,  and  have  respectable  circulations. 
Numerous  manufactures  are  carried  on,  and 
a large  wholesale  and  retail  business.  A 
branch  from  the  Balt,  and  Ohio  R.  R.,  three 
miles  in  length,  connects  the  city  with  that 
great  route  of  travel  and  transportation. 
Lat.  39°  24'  n.,  and  long.  77°  18'  w.  of 
Greenwich,  or  0°  16'  30"  w.  of  Washing- 
ton. 


FREDERICK  COUNTY,  one  of  the  most  wealthy  and  populous  in  the  state,  lies  be- 
tween Montgomery  county  and  the  north  state  line,  and  between  Carroll  county  on  the 
e.,  and  Washington  county  on  the  w.  It  contains  an  area  of  358,400  acres.  Drained  by 
the  Monocacy  river  and  Catoctin  creek,  affluents  of  Potomac  river,  and  having  a soil 
varied  in  quality,  in  some  parts  formed  of  decomposed  slate,  in  others  of  red  shales,  and 
m others  of  limestone,  its  agricultural  capacities  are  excellent,  and  as  a grain  or  grazing 
region  it  has  few  superior  or  more  practicable  competitors.  The  soil,  generally,  is  easily 
worked,  and  is  very  productive  of  wheat  and  corn.  The  surface  in  the  main  is  only  un- 
dulating, but  in  its  western  portion  South  Mountain  and  its  offshoots  render  it  some-1 
what  hilly  and  broken.  The  water  is  generally  good,  but  in  some  parts  impregnated 
with  lime.  A heavy  growth  of  oak,  hickory,  walnut,  chestnut,  locust,  ash  and  poplar, 
is  found  in  the  forests.  The  geology  of  the  county  belongs  to  the  primary  era.  Lime- 
stone, sandstone,  quartz  rock,  shales,  blue  slate  and  dolomite,  constitute  the  prevailing 
rocks.  The  limestone  is  of  a very  superior  character,  and  there  is  a good  marble 
quarry  in  the  county.  The  stone  is  of  a snowy  whiteness,  of  a fine  texture,  and  suscep- 
tible of  a polish  nearly  as  beautiful  as  that  of  the  best  Italian  marble.  Copper,  iron  and 
manganese  ores  and  barytes  abound.  The  copper  mines  have  been  worked  with  great 
advantage,  and  from  Liberty  mines  large  quantities  have  been  obtained.  Many  of  the 
mines,  however,  have  been  abandoned,  owing,  it  is  said,  to  an  insufficient  encouragement, 
lhe  county  is  free  from  miasms,  and  considered  unusually  healthy. 

Frederick  county  was  originally  settled  by  Germans  and  English,  about  1720,  and  was 
organized  in  1748.  At  first  it  comprised  the  larger  portion  of  the  state.  It  was  named 
oA^-ni  ^e<~er.  > the  son  of  Charles  Calvert,  Lord  Baltimore.  In  1790  it  contained 
30, /91  inhabitants;  and  in  1820  the  population  had  increased  to  40,459;  in  1840 
Xt ; was  only  36,405,  and  in  1850  it  had  again  increased  to  40,987.  The  diminution 
observed  in  1840  was  caused  by  the  separation  from  it  of  a part  of  Carroll  county.  Of 
the  population  in  1850,  33,314  were  white  persons,  3,760  free  colored  persons,  and  3,913- 
slaves;  and,  exclusive  of  the  latter,  33,575  were  natives  of  Maryland,  2,142  of  other 
states  of  the  Union,  1,357  of  foreign  countries.  Dwellings,  6,397 ; and  families,  6,614. 

29 


*rso  — '^°6& 

^^MANUFACTURER  4 
dealer  in 

©TINWARE*^ 

"nHlE  KrEAP‘N.C  ARTICLES 

sm  m^mms 


226  BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


JOHN  W.  BECHTEL, 

HOUSE  AND  SHIP  PLUMBER, 


Lift  Pumps, 
Force  Pumps, 
Water  Closets, 


-Mr®  iPWisigr^,®^  iiWu^i 
93  If.  Eutaw  Street  and  46  St.  Faul  Street. 


Wash  Basins,  and 
Bath  Fixtures, 
of  every  description, 


Hot  Air  Furnaces, 
Cooking  Stoves, 
Cooking  Ranges, 


Latrobe  Stoves, 
Radiators, 

Tin  Ware,  &c. 


ROOFING,  SPOUTING,  AND  REPAIRING 
pr™™ly“ecu.ed.  ^ H°‘  a“d  C°'d  Water  Bath  Fixtures>  Water  Clweto,  &«•, 

Spouting"d&c°f  W°rk  aPPertaini”S  10  the  Ti“  Hate  and  Sheet  Iron  Business,  viz:  Roofiing, 
Repairing  and  putting  up  Hot  Air  Furnaces  and  Latrobe  Stoves  promptly  attended  to. 

AT  T>  «8TSBB0CZ»S  celebrated  hot-air  furnaces. 

iN.  is.  Orders  from  the  country  promptly  executed. 


METALLIC  ROOFER  AND  SPOUTER. 


B.OOMS, 

147  Lexington  St. 


WEST  OF  HOWARD. 


I The  Golden  Prize,  award- 
ed by  good  tasre,  lie  only  who 
i wins  should  wear  The  mean  - 
| ««  may  boast.  Wo  r.!ec)<re  our 

j best  endeavors  to  all  who  pa- 

!j  troinze  us.  No  one  will  beex- 
pucted  to  pay,  unless  they  are 
I pleastd.  We  have  always  for 
i sale  a variety  o f the  richest  fan- 
| ey  cases,  sitcli  as  Velvet,  Inlaid 
j Papier  Mache,  'I’orfoise  Shell 
j . ai\<J  l'carl,  in  which  pictures 
| will  be  matly  set  at  moderate 
| prices. 


Having  covered  more  than 
five  hundred  houses,  and  some 
of  them  the  largest  in  the  city, 
is  a sufficient  guarantee  that  all 
work  intrusted  to  my  care  is 
promptly  and  satisfactorily  exe- 
cuted. 

Those  desiring  any  thing  in 
my  line  of  business  would  do 
well  to  give  a call  before  making 
contracts  elsewhere. 

i^^TOrders  from  the  country 
promptly  attended  to. 

JOHN.  G.  IIETZELL, 

74  N.  Howard  St. 


FRE 


FRE 


tv  • i9JQ_‘vTl  150  • marriages.  321 ; deaths,  57 6.  Deaf  and  dumb,  25  ; blind,  19 ; 
insane,  Vo ; and  idiotic,  26.  f and 

utensils  and  machinery,  ^299,921  I e ne  stocK  con . s 12.483  sheen,  and 


l i hiwholc**  we  ^9  STS : Indian  corn,  /o_,uu,j,  uais,  > 

asLi’vSSBrstc 

"2k9?Tounds^  the  Amy  produced  723,004  pounds  butter,  and  oOO  pounds  cheese; 
and  The  value  ’of  animals  slaughtered  was  $239,59*.  Home-made  manufactures  were 

Oriole  nundSol  Sal  establishments  in  the  county  on  the  1st  June,  1850, 

was  oil  whh  an  a-rcate  capital  amounting  to  $815,581,  and  using  annually  raw  mate- 
was  2oo,  wun  aa  aociyu  l ro.,  ® 1 „n(js  emnloved  880,  at  an  average 

W ^‘of  SH5 -G  ° »d  vdTTf  products  $ftsoi>,907.  ’The  principal 

branches  SlndLty’Tci’e  iron  Lking,  &c.,’as  exhibited  in  the  an- 

nexed : 


Factories.  No.  Capital.  Hands.  Products. 

Flouring  Mills . . . .72 . . . .$353,550  -133 . . §798,586 

Tanneries  ....43 243,100..  179..  429,o08 

Iron  furnace.* 1-...  S0.000-.  SO..  100,000 

“ foundcry ....  1 1,800..  4..  5,010 


Factories.  No.  .Capital.  Hands.  Products. 

Asricul.  impl 2 $17,000 ...  24 

Blacksmitheries  -.31 13, 740. ..63 ;-9>949 

Boot  and  shoe  fac.  16 7, 285. ..63 30,171 

Woolen  mills 9 25,600... 45....  26,9o0 


Mf  s as  » tcs.1  i 

WTfTr’,n“lVwmrW  Stages  $S  a month;  a day  laborer  averages  75  cents,  or  50 
if  boarded;  a carpenter  has  $1  25;  and  the  weekly  wages  to  a female  domestic  with 
board  is  75  cents.  Price  of  lioard  to  a laboring  man,  $-.  a week. 

The  assessed  value  of  real  and  personal  estate  was  in  ISoO .f™  te t« $45  192® 
valuation  $°0  45-5.298 ;)  and  the  amount  oi  taxes  thereon,  $98,89-,  state  tax, 

Icnntv 'nv  837 Vj-l  • ihool  tax,  $8.000 ; road  tax,  88,296.  The  county  supported  2o8 
paupers  during* the  y’ear^  at  an  expense  of  $5,898,  and  at  the  above  date  218  were  on  the 

^whi^W^^&^achool  in  the  year  1840-50,  was  6,683 ; and 
on  the  1st  June,  1850,  there  were  in  93  primary  and  public  schools  94  teaclieis  and 
r i qo  nhildron  • in  17  academies  and  other  schools,  G8  teachers  and  *40  pupils,  and  m 
|,ree  00“^  "d340  students.  Total’eost,  $106,801 ; of  which  $6,027  was 
from  public  funds,  and  $7,185  from  special  taxation ; the  balance  from 
and  charges  to  scholars.  The  portion  used  by  colleges  was  &o4,100 , by  public  senoois, 

$1The  county  ^^Ifal^TOdinrdie*  of  all  denominations,  capable  in  the  aggre- 
sate  of  accommodating  30,600  persons;  and  the  value  of  property  held  by  the  churches 
amounted  to  $313,450.  The  Baptists  had  3 churches,  the  Episcopalians  4 the  Friends  1, 
“erman  Reformed  11,  the  Lutherans  7,  the  Methodists  33  the  Presbyterians  3 he 
Homan  Catholics  7,  the  Moravians  5,  the  Tunkers  2,  the  Evangelical  Reformed  2,  and  the 

“pTnct“3thoroughfare  of  this  county  is  the  Balt  and  Ohio  R.B.,  which  toaverses 
it  in  a direction  east  and  west,  and  passing  three  rmles  below  Fredendr  ciy,  sends  off  to 
that  nlace  a branch  R.  R.  The  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  canal  also  passes  on  the  southern 
Ihie,  along  the  Potomac  river.  The  turnpikes  and  county  roads  are  numerous  and  well 

^Frederick  City  is  the  county  seat  of  justice,  and  the  following  are  the  principal  villages 
J ^ost-offices"  idamstown,  Barry,  sickey's  Town,  Burkettsville,  Creagcrtown,  Em- 


228 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


FINE  WINES,  & c. 


GEORGE  HOLLINS, 

No.  7 NORTH  CHARLES  STREET, 

THE  TTISTIOKT 


IMPORTER  AND  DEALER  IN 


Fine  Champagne,  Port,  Sherry,  Hock, 
Claret  and  Madeira  Wines, 

Choice  Old  Brandy,  in  Bond  and  Store, 


English  and  Scotch  Ale, 

London  and  Dublin  Brown  Stout, 

Old  Bourbon,  Scotch  and  Rye  Whiskeys, 


ZE3I  -A.  'NE7‘  -A.  3XT  -A.  CIGARS, 

STILTON  & GLOSTER  CHEESE,  ENGLISH  PICKLES  A#])  SAUCES, 


sa&s  s®8Aa; 

AND  A LARGE  AND  WELL  SELECTED  ASSORTMENT  OF 

a S2T  is  ^ a u&  ^ aa  is  as,  a as  ^ e 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL. 


ISAAC  SCRIBNER.  JAMES  E.  STANSBURY.,  A.  WILSON  SEBRING 

NEW  PATENT  BRICK  MACHINE,  IMPROVED, 


j?n  rd'  ® size  of  Moulds  wanted  should  always  accompany  I he  order.  Price  of  each,  to  work  hy 

hor.^e  power,  #4 SO  j with  pinion  and  bevel  wheel  to  attach  stean.  « r water  power.  *425  n'  — ' *- 

btate  rights  lor  »alc.  For  further  information  sec  pamphlets,  or  address  the  subserih.-is. 


SCRIBNER,  STANSBURY  & CO. 

No.  70  Broadway. 


FRE 


GRE 


mettsburgh,  Graceham,  Greenfield  Mills,  Ijamsville,  Jefferson,  Johnsville,  Ladiesburgh. 
Liberty  Town,  Mechanicstown,  Middletown,  Monrovia,  Mount  Pleasant,  Myersville,  New 
London,  New  Market,  Petersville,  Point  of  Rocks,  Sabillisville,  Unionville,  Urbana, 
Utica  Mills,  Walkersville,  Weverton,  Wolfsville,  Woodsborough. 


Freedom,  p.  v.,  Carroll  co.  Situate  about 
5 m.  w.  of  the  north  branch  of  Patapsco  r., 
10  m.  s.  of  Westminster,  and  50  n.  w.  of 
Annapolis.  Its  vicinity  presents  a fine 
farming  Tegion. 

Freela»|&p.  v.,  Baltimore  co. 

F REXcii'flTwN,  v.,  Cecil  co.  Situate  on 
the  e.  side  of  Elk  r.,  14  m.  above  its  con- 
fluence with  Chesapeake  Bay;  2 m.  s.  of 
Elkton,  and  about  80  m.  n.  w.  of  Anna- 
polis. The  New-Castle  and  Frenchtown 
R.  R.  has  its  w.  terminus  here. 

Friendship,  p.  v.,  Calvert  co.  Situate 
about  3 m.  w.  of  Herring  Bay  of  the 
Chesapeake,  18  m.  N.  of  Prince  Frederick 
Town,  and  21  m.  s.  s.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Friendsville,  v.,  Alleghany  co.  Situate 
on  the  e.  bank  of  Youghiogeny  r.,  7 m.  s. 
of  the  Pennsylvania  state  line,  and  38  w. 
of  Cumberland. 

Frizzelsburg,  v.,  Carroll  co.  Situate  on 
the  branches  of  Big  Pipe  cr.,  and  on  the 
Taney-Town  turnpike,  7 m.  n.  w.  of  West- 
minster. 

Frostburg,  p.  v.,  Alleghany  co.  Situate 
on  the  National  Road,  where  it  is  crossed 
by  the  Western  Port  turnpike,  10  m.  w.  of 
Cumberland,  and  176  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 
This  is  one  of  the  most  elevated  villages  in 
the  United  States,  being,  according  to  Mr. 
Schriver,  1,792  feet  above  the  tide  water  of 
Chesapeake  Bay.  It  is  the  centre  of  a vast 
mining  country. 

Frostburg  Company’s  Mines,  Alleghany 
co.  Situate  about  one  mile  n.  of  Frost- 
burg, and  10  w.  of  Cumberland. 

Funkstown,  or  Jerusalem,  p.  v.,  Wash- 
ington co.  Situate  on  the  e.  bank  of  An- 
tietam  cr.,  2 m.  s.  of  Hagerstown,  and  99 
m.  X.  w.  of  Annapolis.  The  Frederick 
turnpike  passes'  through  the  village.  Popu- 
lation, 793 — white  persons,  581 ; free  color- 
ed persons,  32 ; and  slaves,  179. 

Gap  Mills,  p.  o.,  Baltimore  co. 

George’s  Creek,  Alleghany  co.  A large 
stream,  flowing  s.  to  Potomac  r.,  which  it 
joins  at  Western  Port,  and  opposite  Red- 
mont  station  of  the  Balt,  and  Ohio  R.  R. 
It  drains  the  valley  between  Gt.  Savage 
Mountain  and  Dan’s  Mountain,  from  both 
af  which  it  receives  numerous  streamlets.' 

Georgetown  Cross  Roads,  p.  v.,  Kent 
jo.  Situate  2 m.  s.  of  Georgetown,  on 
Sassafras  r.,  16  rn.  n.  e.  of  Chestertown, 
ind  58  n.  e.  of  Annapolis.  It  is  a flourish- 
ng  village,  and  has  an  excellent  academy. 


Glymont,  p.  v.,  Charles  co. 

Golden,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate  on 
the  fine  of  the  Balt,  and  Susquehanna  R.  R., 
11  m.  n.  of  Baltimore  city,  and  40  n.  of 
Annapolis. 

Golden*  Hill,  p.  o.,  Dorchester  co. 

Goodluck,  p.  o.,  Prince  George^o.  Situ- 
ate on  e.  side  of  Western  Branch  of  Patux- 
ent r.,  13  m.  n.  of  Upper  Marlboro’,  and  43 
m.  s.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Govanstown,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  turnpike  2 m.  e.  of  Jones’  Falls, 
6.  in.  n.  of  Baltimore,  and  34  n.  of  Anna- 
polis. 

Governor’s  Bridge,  p.  o.,  Anne  Arundel 
co. 

Graceham,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situate 
on  the  w.  side  of  Monocacy  r.,  17  n.  of 
Frederick  city,  and  92  n.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

G rants ville,  p.  v.,  AHeghany  co.  Situ- 
ate at  the  e.  base  of  Negro  Mountain  on 
the  National  Road,  27  m.  w.  of  Cumber- 
•land,  and  193  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Great  Back  Bone,  Alleghany  co.  One 
of  the  principal  ridges  of  the  Alleghany 
Mountains.  The  Potomac  r.  follows  the 
course  of  its  e.  base,  from  Savage  r.  south- 
ward. Elevation  above  tide-water  2,981  ft. 

Great  Gunpowder  Falls,  Baltimore  co. 
A large  stream  that  drains  the  north  and 
middle  sections  of  the  county  and  falls  into 
Gunpowder  r.  Its  tributary  streams  are 
numerous  and  wide-spreading. 

Great  Mills,  p.  o.,  St.  Mary’s  co.  Situ- 
ate on  a creek  of  St.  Mary’s  r.,  falling  into 
its  n.  w.  arm,  10  m.  e.  s.  -e.  of  Leonard- 
town,  and  81  s.  s.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Great  Savage  Mountain,  Alleghany  co. 
Extends  n.  e.  from  Savage  r.  far  into  Penn- 
sylvania, and  may  be  considered  as  a pro- 
longation of  the  ridge  know’n  as  Great  Back- 
bone. Elevation,  3,483  feet  above  tide- 
water. Savage  r.  on  the  w.,  and  George’s 
cr.  on  the  e.,  receive  its  streams.  * 

Green  Ridge,  Alleghany  co.  One  of  the 
small  ridges  of  the  Eastern  Alleghanies. 

Green  Springs,  p.  o.,  Baltimore  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  line  of  the  Westminster  Branch 
R.  R.,  14  m.  n.  of  Baltimore,  and  46  n.  n.  w. 
of  Annapolis. 

Greenfield  Mills,  p.  o.,  Frederick  co. 
Situate  on  Monocacy  r.,  6 m.  above  its  con- 
fluence with  Potomac  r.,  11  m.  s.  of  Fred- 
erick city.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly 
farmers,  but  some  mechanic  businesses  are 
here  carried  on.  There  are  about  9 or  10 
dwellings,  and  from  50  to  60  inhabitants  in 


230  BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


HENRY  MAY.  WILLIAM  MAY. 


HENRY  MAY  <&  BROTHER, 

IMPORTERS  AND  WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL  DEALERS  IN 


TOOLS  FOR  WITOIIMJKERS  1ND  JEWELERS, 

-A-LL  KINDS  OF  GLASSES,  Szc. 


No.  127  Baltimore  Street,  Up  Stairs, 

EDWIN  L.  PARKER.  OLIVER  A.  PARKER. 

E.  L.  PARSER  & CO. 


IMPORTERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 


W X XX  333,  cfc  O. 

No.  116  West  Lombard  Street. 


H.  DUYALL.  GEO.  L.  IGLEHART. 

DUVALL  & IGLEHART, 


FOR  THE  SALE  OF 


LEAF  TOBACCO,  GRAIN,  FLOUR,  WESTERN  PRODUCE,  &c. 

No.  128  Light  St.  Wharf,  Corner  Conway  St. 


XX  A B.  O W J&L  -m L 3ES  . 

E.  M.  BOSLEY, 

IMPORTER  AND  WHOLESALE  DEALER  IN 

mi 

No.  4 Light  Street  Wharf, 

FOUR  DOORS  BELOW  PRATT  ST. 


& 


GRE 


IT  AR 


the  village,  and  the  surrounding  country  is 
all  under  cultivation.  Within  the  distance 
of  2 miles  there  are  2 churches  and  3 schools. 

Greensboro’,  p.  v.,  Caroline  co.  Situate 
on  the  w.  side  of  Choptank  cr.,  10  m.  N.  of 
Denton,  and  G5  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Grey  Rock,  p.  o.,  Harford  co. 

Gunpowder  Neck,  Harford  co.  A long 
peninsula  lying  between  Bush  r.  and  Gun- 
powder r.,  and  extending  far  into  Chesa- 
peake Bay,  terminating  at  Rickett’s  Point. 

Gunpowder  River,  Harford  co.  A large 
estuary  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  running  up  be- 
tween Harford  and  Baltimore  counties,  and 
receiving  from  both  several  considerable 
streams,  the  largest  of  which  is  Great  Gun- 
powder Falls  from  Baltimore  co.  This  es- 
tuary covers  an  area  of  about  22  square  miles; 

Gwinn’s  Falls,  Baltimore  co.  A tribu- 
tary of  Patapsco  r.  immediately  w.  of  Bal- 
timore city. 

Hagerstown,  co.  seat  and  p.  o.,  Wash- 
ington co.  Situate  on  the  w.  bank  of  An- 
tietam  cr.,  22  m.  above  its  confluence  with 
Potomac  r.,  101  n.  w.  of  Annapolis,  and  96 
n.  n.  w.  of  Washington,  D.  C.  Lat.  39°  37' 
n.,  and  long.  77*  35'  w.  of  Greenwich,  or  0° 
33'  30"  w.  of  Washington.  The  village  is 
located  in  the  midst  of  a fine  and  flourish- 
ing agricultural  district,  of  which  it  is  the 
commercial  centre.  It  is  a well-built  town, 
with  regular  and  wide  streets,  and  contains 
a number  of  substantial  public  edifices ; a 
court-house,  the  county  jail,  a town-hall, 
&c.  Seven  newspapers  are  issued  weekly, 
viz : the  11  Hagerstown  News,”  the  “ Peo- 
ples’ Own,”  and  the  “ Casket,”  neutral  and 
literary;  the  11  Herald  of  Freedom”  and 


the  “ Torch-Light,” whig / and  the  “Hager- 
stown Mail”  and  the  “ Republican,”  demo - 
cratic.  The  circulation  averages  for  each 
about  700  copies,  but  the  Casket  circulates 
1,400.  There  are  two  banks  in  the  village. 
In  1850  the  population  amounted  to  3,884 
— 3,266  white  persons,  435  free  colored 
persons,  and  183  slaves.  The  Franklin  R. 
R.  connects  the  town  with  the  rail-road3 
of  Pennsylvania. 

Hall’s  Cross  Roads,  p.  o.,  Harford  co. 
Situate  on  the  w.  side  of  Swan  cr.,  12  m.  e. 
of  Bel- Air,  and  59  n.  of  Annapolis.  The 
line  of  the  Phila.,  Wilmington  and  Balt. 
R.  R.  passes  by  this  point. 

Hamburg,  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situate  on 
the  s.  side  of  Fishing  cr.,  at  the  base  of 
Catoctin  Mountain,  10  m.  N.  of  Frederick 
city,  and  85  m.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Hampstead,  p.  v.,  Carroll  co.  Situate  on 
the  upper  waters  of  the  North  Branch  of 
Patapsco  r.,  6 m.  n.  e.  of  Westminster,  and 
56  m.  n.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Hampton,  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate  on  a 
creek  of  Great  Gunpowder  Falls,  12  m.  n. 
of  Baltimore  city. 

Hancock,  p.  v.,  Washington  co.  Situate 
on  the  n.  bank  of  Potomac  r.,  28  m.  w.  of 
Hagerstown,  and  125  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 
It  is  the  centre  of  a considerable  trade,  and 
has  excellent  prospects  from  its  facilities  of 
transportation ; the  Potomac  r.,  the  Chesa- 
peake and  Ohio  canal,  and  the  Balt,  and 
Ohio  R.  R.  pass  it  closely,  and  an  excellent 
turnpike  passes  through  it — all  in  a direction 
e.  and  w. 

Hare  wood,  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate  on 
the  s.  side  of  Bird’s  r.,  near  its  confluence 
* with  Gunpowder  r.,  16  m.  e.  of  Baltimore. 


HARFORD  COUNTY  fronts  on  Susquehanna  river  and  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  ex- 
tends back  to  Baltimore  county  and  the  north  line  of  the  state.  Area,  282,880  acres.  The 
southern  portions  of  Harford  are  low  and  flat,  and  have  extensive  arms  of  the  Chesapeake 
penetrating  far  inland.  These  receive  the  drainage  of  about  one  half  the  surface — that  of 
the  northern  portions  of  the  county  being  carried  off  by  Deer  Creek  and  other  creeks  to 
the  Susquehanna  river.  In  the  latter  upper  region  the  surface  is  elevated,  rocky,  and  in 
some  parts  even  hilly ; and  here  all  the  varieties  of  the  primary  rocks,  such  as  granite, 
gneiss,  micaceous  and  talcose  slates  and  limestone  occur,  and  iron  ore  of  a rich  quality  is 
abundant  The  quality  of  the  soil  depends  on  the  character  of  the  subjacent  rocks,  but 
are  in  all  cases  excellent  grass  lands.  In  the  lower  parts  ofothe  county  the  soils  vary 
greatly  in  their  composition : sand,  gravelly  loam  and  clay,  the  latter  predominating,  being 
their  bases.  Lime  is  the  most  commonly  used  fertilizer.  The  natural  timbers  are  white 
and  black  oak,  chestnut,  hickory  and  poplar.  Few  parts  of  the  state  are  more  varied  in  their 
agricultural  productions  or  in  their  capacities  for  grazing  and  feeding,  and  no  district  has 
greater  commercial  facilities  either  seaward  or  inland,  while  many  of  the  streams  afford 
fine  sites  for  milling  and  manufactures.  The  roads  are  excellent,  and  penetrate  to  evvry 
portion  of  the  county ; and  hence  in  the  development  of  its  resources  the  progress  has 
been  rapid  and  substantial.  Several  considerable  islands  of  the  Chesapeake,  as  Spesutie 
Island  and  Pool’s  Island,  belong  to  Harford  county. 

This  county  was  organized  in  1773,  having  previously  constituted  a portion  of  Baltimore 
and  Frederick  counties.  It  was  named  after  Henry  Harford,  son  of  the  last  Lord  Balti- 
more, and  last  proprietary  of  the  colony.  In  1790  it  contained  14,976  inhabitants,  and  in 


232 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


WM.  J.  BOYD. 


P.  R.  FENDALL. 


E.  G.  DUVALL.  WM.  H.  KEIGHLER. 

DUVALL,  KEIGHLER  & CO. 

AGENTS  FOR  THE  SALE  OF 

lamp*  Cotton  unit  lUoolon  Cook, 

BY  THE  PACKAGE  OR  PIECE, 
o . £5 *7~55  Ti/L arKet  street. 

HOPKINS  & FAIRCHILD, 


z> 


No.  230  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

KEEP  CONSTANTLY  ON  HAND 

A LARGE  ASSORTMENT  OF 

BEADY  MADE  CLOTIIIIC 

OF  THEIR  OWN  MANUFACTURE, 

TO  WHICH  THEY  INVITE  THE  ATTENTION  OF  DEALERS. 


MAYNARD  & ROSE, 


LEATHER  MANUFACTURERS. 

ALSO  DEALERS  IS 

GOODS  USED  BY  BOOT  AND  SHOE  MAKERS, 

AND  BY 

BOOK  BINDERS  GENERALLY. 

We  name  in  part — 

French  and  American  Calf  Skins, 

Bo.  Do.  Kip  Do., 

Buff  and  Horse  Leather, 

Linings  and  Bindings, 

Morocco,  of  all  kinds, 

Italian  Cloth,  and  Lastings, 

Francais  Ribbon  and  Galloon  of  all  shades, 
Gaiter  Uppers,  Gum,  Webbing  and  Kid, 
And  Findings  generally. 

MAYNARD  Sc  ROSE, 

No. 46  Calvert  St.  one  door  S of  Lombard. 


HAR 


II  AR 


1820  its  population  was  15,924;  in  1840,  17,120;  and  in  1850,  19,356,  of  which  14,413 
were  white  persons,  2,777  free  colored  persons,  arid  2,166  slaves;  and  of  the  population, 
exclusive  of  slaves,  14,957  were  natives  of  Maryland,  1,235  of  other  portions  of  the  Union, 
and  998  of  foreign  states.  Dwellings  2,977,  and  families  2,985.  Births,  469;  marriages, 
77;  and  deaths,  246.  Deaf  and  dumb,  11;  blind,  4;  insane,  14;  and  idiotic,  18.  Slaves 
— manumitted,  in  1849-50,  30 ; and  fugitive,  37. 

The  number  of  farms  in  the  county  on  the  1st  June,  1850,  was  1,278,  covering  123,094 
acres  improved,  and  86,509  acres  unimproved  lands,  valued  at  $4,177,047 ; and  the  value 
of  farming  implements  and  machinery  was  $156,114.  The  live  stock  consisted  of— horses, 
3,662;  asses  and  mules,  224;  milch  cows,  5,003;  working  oxen,  1,515;  other  cattle, 
4,113;  sheep,  8,424;  swine,  14,342,  valued  in  the  aggregate  at  $444,400;  and  the  value 
of  animals  slaughtered  during  the  year  ending  at  the  above  date  was  $100,560.  The  va- 
lue of  the  dairy  was  $236,825,  and  the  wool  crop  amounted  to  21,072  pounds.  The  pro- 
ducts of  the  soil  were— wheat,  186,421  bushels;  rye,  2.010;  Indian  corn,  516,537;  oats, 
220,012;  barley,  76;  buckwheat,  34,180;  beans  and  peas,  118;  Irish  potatoes,  56,470, 
and  sweet  potatoes,  45  bushels.  The  value  of  orchard  products  was  $9,507,  and  of  mar- 
ket-garden products,  $336 ; and  of  wine  56  gallons  was  produced.  There  is  also  enumerated 
in  the  census  a number  of  other  products,  as  hay,  12,837  tons ; clover-seed,  2,547  bush- 
els; other  grass-seed,  170  bushels;  hops,  20  pounds;  flax,  262  pounds;  flax-seed,  15 
bushels ; and  beeswax  and  honey,  4,286  pounds.  The  value  of  home-made  manufactures 
was  $5,051. 

The  principal  manufactures  of  Harford  are  iron,  flour  and  leather.  On  the  1st  of  June, 
1850,  the  county  contained  70  industrial  establishments,  in  which  an  aggregate  capital 
of  $428,655  was  invested,  and  in  which  raw  material,  valued  at  $398,732°&was  consumed 
in  1849-50.  The  whole  number  of  businesses  represented  was  20,  and  the  whole  number 
of  hands  employed  was  320,  at  an  average  monthly  cost  of  $6,456,  producing  in  the  year 
to  the  value  of  $545,676.  The  statistics  of  the  principal  businesses  were  as  follow : 


Business  or  Value  of 

Manufactures.  No.  Capital.  Hands,  prod’cts. 

Agric.  implements 9... .$2, 775 21... $7,390 

Blacksmiths .11 2,875 -25 8,816 

Woolen  mills 3 7,600 20»»  .13,100 

Paper  mill 1 6,000 5 8,000 


Business  or  Value  of 

Manufactures.  No.  Capital.  Hand#,  prod’cts 

Forges,  iron 2..  $38.500 27.. . 29,300 

Furnaces 4..  280, 000 144..  171,800 

Flour  mills 12. . . 65,500 21 . . 262,010 

Tanneries 6.  ..11,000 17 9, *700 


Also  boot  and  shoe  shops  4,  with  six  hands;  brick  field  1,  with  2 hands;  broom  factory 
1 ; cabinet  factories  2,  with  4 hands ; carriage  factory  1,  with  2 hands;  cooper’s  shop  1 with 
3 hands ; pottery  1,  with  2 hands ; lime  kilns  3,  with  6 hands ; bark  mill  1,  with  3 hands  * 
saw  mills  2 ; iron  mine  1,  with  5 hands ; and  stone  mason’s  shops  2,  with  8 hands.  * 
The  average  wages  to  a farm-hand  in  this  county  is  $10  a month  with  board  '-  of  a 
day-laborer  with  board  50  cents,  and  without  board  75  cents;  of  a carpenter  $1  25 
a day,  and  of  a female  domestic  with  board  $1  a week.  The  price  of  board  for  labor:  w 
men  is  $2  a week.  “ & 


Assessed  fm  taxation,  the  value  of  all  real  and  personal  estate  in  the  county  in  1850 
amounted  to  $5,087,990,  and  the  amount  of  taxes  laid  thereon  was  $41  686  of  which 
$12,556  was  for  state  purposes,  and  $29,130  for  county  purposes.  The  number  of 
paupers  supported  during  the  year  was  28,  of  which  17  remained  on  the  lists  on  the  1st 
June,  1850 — annual  cost,  $2,800. 

The  county  is  poorly  supplied  with  means  of  education.  Hot  a single  public  library  ex- 
ists within  its  limits,  and  only  16  private  ones  with  the  small  aggregate  of  6 S25  volumes  * 
and  three  weekly  papers  circulating  from  300  to  500  copies  are  the  only  local  vehicles  of 
news.  The  number  of  children  that  had  attended  school  in  1849-50  was  2 213-  and 
there  was  on  the  1st  June,  1850,  within  the  county,  17  primary  and  common  schools’ with 
1/  teachers  and  o90  scholars,  and  2 academies  and  other  schools  with  2 teachers  and  68 
pupils.  The  expenses  for  the  year,  incident  to  the  schools,  amounted  to  $4,150  all  de- 
rived from  the  public  funds;  and  the  expenses  of  the  academies  was  $650  of  which* 
amount  $500  was  realized  from  endowment,  and  $150  from  the  public  funds.  These 
statistics  exhibit  a state  of  things  unworthy  of  so  prosperous  a county  as  that  of  Harford 
and  call  loudly  for  some  beneficent  reform.  The  number  of  “ adults  who  cannot  read  and 
write  was  866,  viz:  20/  white  persons,  and  659  free  colored  persons. 

i tneR?An0d  ab0VG  na^ed» there  were  in  the  county  38  churches,  capable  of  accommo- 
dating 9,550  persons  and  valued,  as  property,  at  $51,300.  The  Methodists  are  more 
numerous  than  all  other  denominations  together,  and  had  21  churches,  with  accommoda- 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


234 


1856. 


1857. 


/ 


IMPORTERS  OF 


We  are  prepared  to  show  to  dealers  as  large  an  assortment,  and  to  offer  it  at 
as  low  prices  as  any  in  the  country. 

Southern  and  Western  Merchants  are  particularly  solicited  to  call  at  this  old  es- 
tablished House  before  purchasing..  Their  new  and  capacious  Warehouse  contains 
the  most  complete  assortment  of  English,  German  and  French 


IF^M(DY  ©@®P©i,  [Kl®©  D IKY,  &o. 


AND  ALL  ARTICLES  REQUIRED  BY  THE  TRADE. 

Jt3T  Great  promptness  and  dispatch  being  used  in  the  execution  of  all  orders. 

FREDERICK  FICKEY  & SONS. 

— 


HAR 


HOO 


tion  for  4,950  persons;  the  Baptists  had  3 churches,  with  accommodation  for  900  persons; 
the  Episcopalians  3 churches,  and  accommodation  for  850  persons;  the  Friends  5 churches, 
and  accommodation  for  1,000;  the  Presbyterians  3 churches,  and  accommodation  for  850 
persons;  the  Roman  Catholics  2 churches,  and  accommodation  for  700  persons;  and  the 
Union  or  Free  Church,  1 church,  and  accommodation  for  300. 

The  great  thoroughfare  of  this  county  is  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  and  Baltimore 
R.  R.,  which  traverses  in  a direction  s.  w.  and  n.  e.  through  its  southern  portion.  Its  e. 
terminus  is  at  Havre  de  Grace,  and  its  w.  terminus  on  Gunpowder  river.  The  Tide- 
water canal  from  Pennsylvania  has  also  its  terminus  at  Havre  de  Grace. 

Bel-Air  is  the  county  seat  of  justice,  and  the  following  are  the  principal  villages  and 
•post-offices : — Abingdon,  Churchville,  Clermont  Mills,  Darlington,  Dublin,  Fallston,  Grey 
Rock,  Hall’s  Cross  Roads,  Havre  de  Grace,  Hickory  Tavern,  Highland  Grove,  Hopewell 
Cross  Roads,  Jarre ttsville,  Jerusalem  Mills,  Magnolia,  Michaels ville,  Mill  Green,  Perry- 
mansville,  Pleasant  ville,  Rock  Run,  Sandy  Hook,  Shawsville,  Taylor,  Upper  Cross  Roads. 


Harford,  v.,  Harford  co.  Situate  at  the 
junction  of  James’  and  Bynham’s  Runs  at 
the  head  of  Bush  r.,  8 m.  s.  of  Bel- Air.  It 
is  known  also  as  Busii. 

Harris’  Lot,  p.  o.,  Charles  co. 

Harrisonville,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  Union  Town  post-road,  7 m.  w. 
of  Baltimore  city. 

Havre  de  Grace,  seaport,  p.  t.,  Harford  co. 
Situate  on  the  w.  side  of  Susquehanna  r.,  at 
its  confluence  with  Chesapeake  Bay,  16 
m.  e.  of  Bel-Air,  and  64  n.  e.  of  Annapolis. 
The  Balt,  and  Philadelphia  Rail-road  passes 
through  the  place,  and  crosses  Susquehanna 
r.  by  a steam  ferry,  and  here  is  the  s.  ter- 
minus of  the  Tide-water  or  Susquehanna 
canal,  which  furnishes  a navigable  channel 
between  the  sea  and  the  system  of  canals  in 
Pennsylvania.  The  town  itself  is  small,  but 
well  built,  and  contains  several  stores  and 
warehouses ; and  in  1850,  it  had  a popula- 
tion of  1,336 — 1,049  white  persons,  203  free 
colored  persons,  and  84  slaves.  The  various 
mechanic  arts  and  commerce  form  the  chief 
industrial  pursuits ; and  in  the  proper  sea- 
son, the  shad  and  herring  fisheries  of  the 
river  and  bay  give  employment  to  many. 
The  “ Harford  Madisonian”  is  published 
here,  weekly  circulation  about  400  copies. 
The  British,  under  Admiral  Cockburn, 
sacked  and  burned  the  place  in  1814. 

Head  of  Sassafras,  p.  o.,  Kent  co.  Situ- 
ate, as  its  name  implies,  at  the  head  of  Sas- 
safras r.,  18  m.  e.  of  its  confluence  with 
Chesapeake  Bay,  28  m.  n.  e.  of  Chester- 
town,  and  70  m.  n.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Hereford,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate 
3 m.  w.  of  Gunpowder  Falls,  on  the  turn- 
pike, 28  m.  n.  of  Baltimore  city,  and  52  n. 
of  Annapolis. 

Herring  Bay.  An  arm  of  Chesapeake 
Bay  on  its  western  side,  indenting  the 
shores  of  Anne  Arundel  and  Calvert  coun- 
ties. Holland’s  Point  is  its  south  headland. 

Herring  Run,  Baltimore  co.  A tributary 
of  Back  r.,  which  it  joins  in  its  north-west- 
ern arm. 


Hickory,  p.  v.;  Harford  co.  Situate  at 
the  head  streams  of  Bynham’s  Run,  5 m.  N. 
of  Bel- Air,  and  58  n.  of  Annapolis. 

Hicksburg,  p.  v.,  Dorchester  co. 

Highland  Grove,  p.  o.,  Harford  co. 

Hillsboro’,  p.  v.,  Caroline  co.  Situate 
on  the  e.  of  Tuckahoe  cr.,  7 m.  w.  n.,w.  of 
Denton,  and  59  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Hill  Top,  v.,  Charles  co.  Situate  on  a 
creek  of  Nanjemoy  r.,  8 m.  w.  of  Port  To- 
bacco. 

Hilton,  v.,  Howard  co.  Situate  near 
the  Patapsco  r.,  one  mile  s.  w.  of  Ellieott’s 
Mills. 

Hole-in-the-Wall,  v.,  Talbot  co.  Situ- 
ate at  the  Cross-Roads,  8 m.  s.  of  Easton. 

Holland’s  Islands,  Dorchester  co.  A 
cluster  of  islands  ranging  n.  and  s.,  and 
enclosing  the  large  bay  containing  the  estu- 
aries of  the  Nanticoke,  Wicomico,  and 
Manokin  rivers. 

Holland’s  Point,  Calvert  co.  The  ex- 
treme e.  point  of  the  s.  boundary  of  Her- 
ring Bay,  so  called. 

Holly  Point,  Baltimore  co.  The  e. 
point  of  the  s.  shore  of  Middle  r.,  so 
called. 

Honga  River,  or  Sound,  Dorchester  co. 
A broad,  navigable  sound,  intervening  be- 
tween Hooper’s  island  and  the  main. 

Hood’s  Mills,  Carroll  co.  Situate  on 
the  n.  side  of  the  w.  branch  of  the  Patapsco 
r.,  and  on  the  line  of  the  Balt,  and  Ohio 
R.  R.,  35  m.  w.  of  Baltimore,  16  s.  of 
Westminster,  and  56  n.  n.  w.  of  Anna- 
polis. 

Hooktown,  v.,  Talbot  co.  Situate  2 m. 
e.  of  St.  Michael’s  r.,  and  3 n.  of  Easton. 

Hookstown,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate 
2 m.  e.  of  Gwinn’s  Falls,  6 m.  n.  of  Balti- 
more, on  the  W estminster  turnpike,  and  33 
n.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Hooper’s  Island,  Dorchester  co.  A large 
island  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  separated  from 
the  main  land  by  Honga  r. 

Hoop  Pole  Ridge,  Alleghany  co.  A 
long  ridge  of  the  Alleghanies,  traversing 


236 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


JAMES  C.  GOLDER.  WILLIAM  W.  GOLDER. 

J.  C.  GOLDER  & BRO. 


(SUCCESSORS  TO  A.  GOLDER  & SON,) 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 


1ST O.  33  HANOVER  STREET- 


B.  T.  FELLOWS, 

tOljolesale  anb  tUtail  ^Dealer  in 


a.  iv 


STATI0WKR1T, 

Of  all  kinds,  for  sale  at  Manufacturers’  prices, 

No.  37  South  Calvert  Street. 

JAS.  ARMSTRONG  & CO. 

MANUFACTURERS, 

O O 3XT  O O R.  X>  STREET, 

NEAR  PRATT  STREET  BRIDGE. 


SPEAR  & COLE, 


mj  1TJ 


11)  Jr 


No.  20  Water  Street,  head  of  Cheapside, 

Where  maj  be  had,  cheap  for  Cash  or  good  paper,  all  kinds  of  Leather,  consisting  of 

Salt,  Ijpr,  Calf  Sltiit,  f anwss,  §riiilt  arth  Shirting 

TOGETHER  WITH  BAND,  RED  SOLE,  AND  A GENERAL  ASSORTMENT  OF 

PAIR  LEATHERS. 

ALSO,  PURE  COD  LIVER  AND  NEATS  OILS. 


HOP 


JEF 


the  w.  part  of  the  county  in  a direction  n. 
£.  and  s.  w. 

Hopewell  Cross-Roads,  p.  o.,  Harford 
co.  Situate  on  the  main  road  from  Balti- 
more to  Philadelphia,  where  it  is  crossed  by 
the  Havre  de  Grace  road,  about  4 m.  w.  of 
Susquehanna  r.,  and  5 w.  of  Port  Deposit,  6 
m.  n.  w.  of  Havre  de  Grace,  and  8 m.  e.  n. 
e.  of  Bel- Air.  Large  droves  of  cattle  for 


the  eastern  markets  pass  this  point.  The 
country  around  is  well  settled,  and  great 
improvements  have  been  made  of  late 
years  in  the  routine  of  agricultural  opera- 
tions. A Temperance  Hall,  for  the  con- 
venience of  the  neighborhood,  has  been 
lately  erected. 

Horse  Head,  p.  o.,  Prince  George  co. 

Houck’s  Store,  p.  o.,  Carroll  co. 


HOWARD  COUNTY  formed  a portion  of  Anne  Arundel  previous  to  1851,  and  in 
that  connection  was  known  as  the  Howard  District.  It  occupies  about  144,000  acres- 
situate  between  the  Patapsco  and  Patuxent  rivers,  and  lying  north-west  of  Anne  Arun- 
del county,  as  at  present  constituted.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  the  drainage  excel- 
lent. Numerous  creeks,  rising  from  the  interior  of  the  county,  fall  into  the  streams  which 
almost  surround  it,  and  in  their  course  furnish  considerable  mill-power.  The  statistics  of 
this  county  are  not  given  separate  from  those  of  Anne  Arundel  in  the  census  of  1850,  as 
published  by  the  State  Department,  and  hence  the  interests  of  the  two  counties  have  been 
considered  together.  (See  Anne  Arundel  County.)  It  is  evident,  however,  on  reference 
to  the  list  of  towns  contained  in  Howard,  that  the  great  bulk  of  the  manufactures  attributed 
to  Anne  Arundel,  belong,  in  reality,  to  this  county.  The  Balt,  and  Ohio  R.  R.  traverses 
the  north  boundary  of  the  county,  and  the  Balt,  and  Washington  Branch  R.  R.  the  south- 
ern boundary.  The  following  are  the  principal  villages  and  post-offices:  Cookesville, 
Elkridge  Landing,  Ellicott’s  Mills,  Elysville,  Uchester  Mills,  Lisbon,  Marriottsville,  Poplar 
Springs,  Savage,  &c. 


Hoystown,  v.,  Alleghany  co. 

Hungary  Neck,  Somerset  co.  A long 
peninsula,  lying  between  Wicomico  r.  and 
Monie  cr. 

Hunting  Creek,  Dorchester  co.  A tribu- 
tary of  Choptank  r. 

Hunting  Creek,  Frederick  co.  A tribu- 
tary of  Monocacy  r.,  from  the  w. 

Hunting  Creek  Town,  v.,  Dorchester  co. 
Situate  on  the  e.  side  of  Hunting  cr.  of  the 
Choptank  r.,  5 m.  above  its  confluence  w;th 
the  latter. 

Huntingtown,  p.  v.,  Calvert  co.  Situate 
on  the  s.  side  of  Huntingtown  cr.,  3 m.  n 
n.  w.  of  Prince  (Fredericktown,  and  42  s.  of 
Annapolis. 

Huntingtown  Creek,  Calvert  co.  A 
creek  of  Patuxent  r. 

Hyattstown,  p.  v.,  Montgomery  co. 
Situate  near  the  n.  w.  county  line,  about 
2£  s.  of  Bennett’s  cr.  of  Monocacy  r.,  17 
m.  n.  w.  of  Rockville,  and  72  w.  by  n.  of 
Annapolis. 

Ijamsville,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situate 
on  the  n.  side  of  Bush  cr.,  6 m.  from  its 
confluence  with  Monocacy  r.,  10  m.  s.  e.  of 
Frederick  city,  and  71  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 
The  Balt,  and  Ohio  R.  R.,  passes  through 
the  village.  Baltimore  distant  54  m.  e. 

Ilchester  Mills,  p.  o.,  Howard  co.  Sit- 
uate on  the  s.  side  of  Patapsco  r.,  13  m.  w. 
of  Baltimore,  and  2 m.  from  Ellicott’s  Mills. 
The  Balt,  and  Ohio  R.  R.  passes  by  this 
place. 

Indian  Landing,  v.,  Anne  Arundel  co. 


Situate  at  the  head  of  Severn  r.,  on  its  w. 
side,  9 m.  n.  of  Annapolis. 

Indian  Spring,  Washington  co.  A no- 
ted watering-place  on  North  Mountain,  15 
m.  w.  of  Hagerstown. 

Irish  Creek,  Talbot  co.  An  inlet  of  the 
estuary  of  Choptank  r.,  between  Tread- 
haven  cr.  and  Broad  cr. 

Isle  of  Wight,  Worcester  co.  A small 
island  at  the  entrance  of  St.  Martin’s  r. 

Israel  Creek,  Frederick  co.  A tributary 
of  Monocacy  r.,  from  the  e. 

Israel  Creek,  Washington  co.  A tribu- 
tary of  Potomac  r.,  flowing  through  Pleas- 
ant Valley,  and  having  its  sources  in  the 
slopes  of  South  and  Elk  mountains. 

Tames’  Island,  Dorchester  co.  An  island 
of  the  Chesapeake,  a little  s.  of  Choptank  r. 

Jane’s  Island,  Somerset  co.  More  pro- 
perly a peninsula,  this  swampy  neck  of 
land  projects  into  Chesapeake  Bay,  between 
Annemesix  and  Little  Annemesix  rivers, 
about  5 m. 

Jarrettsville,  p.  v.,  Harford  co.  Situ- 
ate s.  of  Deer  Creek  in  the  n.  w.  part  of  the 
county,  12  m.  n.  n.  w.  of  Bel- Air,  and  65  N. 
of  Annapolis. 

Jefferson,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situate 
about  a mile  e.  of  Catoctin  cr.,  and  between 
that  and  Catoctin  Mountain,  4 m.  n.  from 
Potomac  r.,  8 m.  s.  w.  of  Frederick  city, 
and  86  n.  w.  of  Annapolis.  Population  in 
1850, 337 — 245  white  persons,  8 free  colored 
persons,  84  slaves. 

Jefferson’s  Corner,  p.  v.,  Somerset  co. 


I 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


238 

DANIEL  STIRN.  AUGUST  STIRN. 

STIRM  BROTHERS, 

MAN-UFACTURERS  OF 


E.  WHITMAN. 


■4s 


0- 


IN'  E "W 


E,  W.  ROBINSON. 


B 


)ci)9 


USTO.  es  EXICTT^nSTG-E  PLACE. 

Farmers  and  Mechanics  will  find  at  our  new  Warehouse,  nearly  every  Implement,  Machine  or  Tool  used  in 
j!  their  line  of  business. 

AGRICULTURAL  IMPLEMENTS.— Horse  Powers,  Thrashing  Machines,  Wheat  Fans,  Plows  and  Seed 
Drills,  Reaping  Machines,  Cornshellers.  Straw  Cutters,  Corn  and  Cob  Crushers,  Plantation  Mills,  Vegetable 
Cutters,  Hydraulic  Rains,  Pumps  of  all  kinds,  Shovels,  Spades,  Forks,  Rakes,  Hoes,  Sic.,  Sic. 

MECHANICS’  MACHINES.— Planing  Machines  for  wood  and  iron.  Steam  Engines,  Mortising  and  Tenon- 
ing Machines,  Sa*h  Moulding  Machines,  Circular  and  Upright  Saws,  Engine  and  Hand  Lathes,  Horizontal  and 
Upright  Drills,  Rolt  Cutting  Machines,  Portable  arid  Smith’s  Forges,  Smith’s  Bellows,  Fan  Blowers,  Stocks  and 
Dies,  Smut  Machines,  Belting,  &c.  Sic. 

Field  and  Garden  Seeds,  Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees,  Peruvian  and  Mexican  Guano,  Poudrette,  Bone  Dust 
and  Fertilizers  of  all  descriptions. 


JEN 


KEN 


Jenning  s Run,  Alleghany  co.  Rises  by 
two  forks  from  k.  slope  of  Great  Savage 
Mountain,  and  after  an  e.  course  of  20 
miles  in  its  windings  empties  into  Will’s 
Creek  4 m.  above  Cumberland.  Mt.  Savage 
village  is  located  on  the  s.  fork,  and  Wel- 
lersburg  on  the  n.  fork. 

Jerusalem  Mills,  p.  o.,  Harford  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  e.  side  of  Little  Gunpowder 
Falls,  8 m.  s.  e.  of  Eel- Air,  and  4G  n.  of 
Annapolis. 

Johns ville,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situate 
on  an  ele  vated  plat,  from  which  streams  flow- 
ing in  every  direction  to  Antietam  cr.,  Sam’s 
cr..  ore.  have  their  rise,  13  m.  n.  e.  in  a di- 
rect line  of  Frederick  city,  and  74  m.  n.  w. 
of  Annapolis.  The  vicinity  is  one  of  the 
finest  agricultural  districts  in  the  county. 


Jones’  Falls,  Baltimore  co.  A stream 
from  the  n.,  passing  through  the  city  of 
Baltimore  centrally,  and  falling  into  the 
Inner  Harbor.  It  is  a fine  mill  stream,  and 
is  the  site  of  extensive  manufactures. 

Joppa,  v.,  Harford  co.  Situate  on  the 
n.  e.  side  of  Gunpowder  r.,  and  about  a 
mile  x.  of  the  Balt,  and  Philadelphia  R.  R. 
track. 

Kedges,  or  Cages  Strait,  Dorchester  co. 
A narrow  passage  between  Holland’s  Is- 
lands and  Smith’s  Island,  so  called,  by  which 
a navigable  communication  is  had  between 
Tangier  Sound  and  Chesapeake  Bay. 

Keedysville,  p.  v.,  Washington  co.  Situ- 
ate on  L.  Antietam  cr..  13  m.  s.  of  Hagers- 
town, and  88  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 


KENT  COUNTY  occupies  the  whole  of  the  peninsula  situate  between  Sassafras  river 
and  Chester  river,  affluents  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  several  islands  in  the  wide  estuary  of 
the  latter  river.  Its  superficies  contain  only  174, 0S0  acres,  it  being,  with  the  exception 
of  Calvert,  the  smallest  county  in  the  state.  The  surface  is  high  and  rolling,  generally 
dr}*  and  well-drained  by  creeks  flowing  into  its  border  streams,  and  its  soil  is  of  excellent 
quality,  and  fertile.  The  forest  growths  are  several  varieties  of  oak,  hickory,  chestnut, 
piue,  locust,  walnut,  cedar,  gum  and  beech ; and  its  grasses  are  rich  and  nutritious.  Marl 
and  lime  (from  shell  beds)  are  abundant,  and  are  the  most  commonly  used  fertilizers  of 
the  soil.  The  finest  crops  of  the  county  are  wheat,  Indian  corn  and  oats,  for  which  the 
climate  is  eminently  suited;  and  in  proportion  to  its  extent  the  amount  of  live  stock 
owned  and  fed  on  the  pasture  lands  is  above  the  average. 

The  county  was  organized  by  the  provincial  legislature  in  1650,  and  derived  its  name 
from  the  neighboring  island,  called  Kent,  the  seat  of  the  first  settlements  within  the  state. 
In  1790  it  contained  12,836  inhabitants;  in  1820  its  population  had  decreased  to  11,453, 
and  in  1S40  to  10,842,  but  in  1850  it  had  somewhat  regained  its  former  numbers — the 
population  having  increased  to  11,386,  or  in  the  ratio  during  the  preceding  decenniad  of 
5 ’02  per  centum.  The  whole  of  this  decrease  has  occurred  in  the  free  colored  and  slave 
population.  Of  the  population  in  1850,  the  number  of  white  persons  was  5,616;  of  free 
colored,  1,571;  and  of  slaves,  2,627;  and  of  the  w'hite  and  free  colored  persons  7,992 
were  natives  of  Maryland,  695  (of  which  528  from  Delaware)  of  other  states  of  the  Union, 
and  72  of  foreign  countries.  Dwellings  1,584,  and  families  1,584.  Deaf  and  dumb,  7; 
blind,  6 ; insane,  8 ; and  idiotic,  8.  Slaves — manumitted,  in  1849-50,  two , and  fugitive,  ten. 

On  the  1st  June,  1850,  there  were  in  the  county  667  farms,  covering  125,310  acres  im- 
proved and  41,103  acres  unimproved  lands,  together  valued  at  §3,047,309;  and  the  value 
of  farming  implements  and  machinery  was  $92,702.  The  live  stock  consisted  of  2,985 
horses,  206  asses  and  mules,  3,083  milch  cows,  899  working  oxen,  3,373  other  cattle, 
6,826  sheep,  and  11,756  swine,  valued  in  the  aggregate  at  $298,069.  "Wool  was  produced 
in  1849-50,  to  the  amount  of  21,312  pounds;  butter,  of  46,122  pounds;  and  the  value  of 
animals  slaughtered  was  $60,118.  The  soil  crops  consisted  of  wheat,  194,860  bushels ; 
rye,  200 ; Indian  corn,  556,731 ; oats,  126,206 ; buckwheat,  695 ; peas  and  beans,  620 ; 
Irish  potatoes,  44,653 ; and  sweet  potatoes,  1,820  bushels ; also  hay,  856  tons ; clover- 
seed,  332  bushels ; hops,  25  pounds ; dew-rotted  hemp,  5 tons,  &c.  The  value  of  orchard 
products  amounted  to  $20,715,  and  of  market-garden  products,  $1,240 ; and  the  production 
of  beeswax  and  honey  amounted  to  1,495  pounds.  Home-made  manufactures  were  va 
lued  at  $400 

The  manufacturing  industry  of  Kent  is  confined  to  the  production  of  articles  suitable  to 
the  local  population.  On  the  1st  June,  1850,  the  whole  number  of  industrial  establish- 
ments was  only  34,  in  which  the  capital  invested  was  $45,700,  and  the  annual  produc- 
tion,'$111, 750.  Value  of  raw  material  consumed,  $73,642;  average  number  of  hands 
employed,  82  ; average  monthly  wages  paid,  $1,540.  Five  flour,  and  six  grist  mills  repre- 
sented more  than  half  the  above  sums ; besides  which,  there  were  9 boot  and  shoe  fac- 
tories employing  34  hands ; 4 carriage  factories,  with  16  hands ; 5 blacksmith  shops,  with 
8 hands ; and  one  establishment  each  for  farming  implements,  cabinet  ware,  coopering, 


240 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


E.  M.  PUNDERSON  & CO. 

No.  209  ZOs.rtizra.oir©  JStzr©©t? 

BETWEEN  LIGHT  AND  CHARLES  STREETS, 
MANUFACTURERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 

AND  EVERY  VARIETY  OF  GOODYEAR’S  METALLIC 

UMBHA  3EOTIM  ©TOBI 

OILED  silk:, 

§ W S M €?  M&€  ISSUE 

LADIES’  RETICULES,  &c. 


J.  H.  LOGAN  & CO. 

41  North  Faca  Street,  opposite  the  Hand  Tavern, 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


o 


ien 


TIN  WARE!  TITST  WARE!!  TIN  WARE!!! 


KEEN  & CAGERTV, 

No.  37  S.  Calvert  St. 

Cor.  Water  and  Cheapside,  and 

12  Baltimore  Street, 

NEAR  THE  BRIDGE. 

We  are  prepared  to  offer  to 
Country  Merchants,  and  to  the 
trade  generally,  a large  assort- 
ment of 

TIN  WARE, 

Of  our  own  manufacture,  to- 
gether with  every  article  in  our 
line,  at  the  very  lowest  possible 
prices  for  Cash.  Purchasers  will 
find  it  to  their  advantage  to  give 
us  a call. 


OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


KEN 


LAN 


woolen  goods,  and  saddlery.  No  steam  power  is  used  in  the  county  ; and  water  power  in 
the  woolen,  flour  and  grist  mills  only. 

The  average  wages  of  a farm-hand  with  board  was  $8  a month.  A day-laborer  averaged  62 
cents.  Carpenters,  $1  30  a day.  Female  domestics  75  cents  a week  with  board.  The 
price  of  board  for  laboring  men  averaged  $1  50. 

The  value  of  real  and  personal  property  in  the  county,  1st  June,  1850,  amounted  to 
$4,574,821,  and  the  taxes  for  the  previous  year  assessed  thereon,  to  $32,472  ; namely, 
state  tax,  $11,613  ; county  tax,  $10,171 ; school  tax,  $5,315  ; poor  tax,  $2,744  ; and  road 
tax,  $2,629.  The  number  of  paupers  supported  during  1849-50,  was  55,  and  the  expense 
$1,063  ; and  the  same  number  remained  on  the  lists  on  the  1st  June,  1850  ; and  the  num- 
ber of  criminals  convicted  in  1849-50,  was  three , and  the  same  number  were  undergoing 
their  sentence  on  the  1st  June,  1850. 

There  were,  at  the  date  above  named,  1 college,  4 academies  and  other  schools,  and  29 
primary  and  public  schools  in  the  county.  The  following  statistics  show  their  condition 
at  that  point  of  time : 


Class.  Number.  Teachers.  Scholars.  Total  Income. 

College 1 3 40 $3,500 

Academies,  &c 4 .....6 160 1,800 

Public  schools 29 29 700 5,553 


But  during  the  year  past,  1,042  individuals  had  attended  school,  of  which  569  were 
males,  and  473  females.  The  number  of  “ Adults  who  cannot  read  and  write”  was  204 
jvhite  persons,  and  392  free  colored.  The  u Kent  News,”  issued  at  Chestertown  weekly, 
and  circulating  500  copies,  was  the  only  newspaper  published.  There  were  in  the  county 
22  libraries  containing  an  aggregate  of  11,026  volumes : 15  containing  9,550  volumes  were 
private  libraries,  and  the  residue  belonged  to  colleges  and  schools. 

The  county  contained  37  churches  which  had  accommodation  for  9,300  persons,  and 
which  were  valued  as  property  at  $40,950  ; of  these,  six  belonged  to  the  Episcopalians,  with 
accommodation  for  2,050 ; three  to  the  Friends  Society,  for  400 ; 26  to  the  Methodists, 
for  6,550 ; and  two  to  the  Presbyterians,  for  300. 

In  the  lower  part  of  the  county  was  fought,  on  the  14th  day  of  August,  1814,  the  mem- 
orable battle  of  Caulk’s  Field,  in  which  127  Americans,  under  command  of  Col.  Philip 
Reed,  encountered  nearly  300  British  under  Sir  Peter  Parker ; and  after  some  very  sharp 
fighting,  the  Americans  drove  their  enemies  from  the  field,  leaving  14  of  their  men  dead, 
and  carrying  off  with  them,  in  their  retreat,  their  commander,  who  died  of  his  wounds  be- 
fore they  got  aboard  their  vessels  riding  in  Chesapeake  Bay. 

Chestertown  is  the  county  seat  of  justice ; and  the  following  are  the  principal  villages 
and  post-offices Chesterville,  Georgetown  Cross  Roads,  Harmony,  Head  of  Sassafras, 
Massey’s  Cross  Roads,  Millington,  Rock  Hall,  Urieville. 


Kent  Island,  Queen  Anne  co.  The 
largest  and  most  important  island  of  Chesa- 
peake Bay,  containing  about  42  square 
miles  of  surface.  The  first  settlement  with- 
in the  present  limits  of  Maryland  were 
made  on  this  island  by  Claiborne,  and  here 
is  the  scene  of  many  interesting  events  in 
the  early  colonial  history  of  the  state. 

Keyser’s  Ridge,  p.  o.,  Alleghany  co. 

Keyser’s  Ridge,  Alleghany  co.  A short 
ridge  at  the  head  of  Bear  cr.,  a tributary  of 
Youghiogeny  r. 

Kingstown,  p.  o.,  Somerset  co.  Situate 
at  the  head  waters  of  Annemesix  r.,  11  m. 
s.  of  Princess  Anne,  and  118  m.  s.  e.  by  s. 
of  Annapolis. 

Kingstown,  or  Kingston,  v.,  Talbot  co. 
Situate  on  w.  side  of  Choptank  r.,  8 m.  e. 
of  Easton. 

Kingsville,  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate  2 
m.  n.  of  Great  Gunpowder  Falls,  16  m.  n.  e. 
of  Baltimore  city. 


Knoxville,  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situate  on 
the  n.  bank  of  Potomac  r.,  and  on  the  lines 
of  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal,  and  of  the 
Balt,  and  Ohio  R.  R.,  79  ra.  w.  of  Baltimore 
city,  and  15  m.  s.  w.  of  Frederick  city. 

Ladiesburgit,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  s.  side  of  Sam’s  cr.,  16  m.  n.  n.  e. 
of  Frederick  city,  and  81  m.  n.  w.  of  Anna- 
polis. 

Laicesville,  p.  v.,  Dorchester  co.  Situ- 
ate s.  of  Little  Choptank  r.,  6 m.  s.  e.  of 
Cambridge,  and  63  m.  s.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Langford’s  Creek,  Kent  co.  A large 
creek  in  the  s.  part  of  the  county,  between 
Quaker  Neck  and  Piney  Neck,  emptying 
into  Langford’s  Bay,  an  arm  of  Chester  r., 
about  14  m.  above  its  confluence  with 
Chesapeake  Bay  at  Love’s  Point.  This 
creek  is  divided  in  its  upper  part  into  two 
branches  by  the  intervention  of  Broad 
Neck. 


31 


242 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


WOODWARD, 


H £»J| 


>m 

mm 


No.  49  1-2  BALTIMORE  STREET. 

Dggtieiteoiijfies  ?}cct|h)fei(j  Copied  Jlife-SIse,  it)  ;Dt|h]5le  Oil  Coloi*s. 

geoeithT 

No.  27  NORTH  GAT  STREET, 

ONE  DOOR  BELOW  MATHIOT’S  CHAIR  MANUFACTORY, 

HAS  IN  STORE  A SPLENDID  ASSORTMENT  OF 

P A I1  !>:  a HANlilNIU, 

^ttJSTETXJ^lSr  BTjII>TI3S3  <&c. 

1M&  H&TTRSSSS8  MM  f © ©IBM 

Paper  Hung  by  Hie  Most  Careful  Workmen, 

A Paper  Hanger  sent  to  any  part  of  Maryland,  Virginia  or  Pennsylvania,  to  put  up 
paper,  when  the  expenses  incurred  on  the  trip  are  paid. 

CHARLES  FAFUNGER, 


QjAJP  A' 


MAKTUTACTUBEB, 

Constitution  Street 


Always  on  hand  a large  stock  of  articles  in  the  line,  of  superior  manufacture,  and  to 
be  disposed  of  on  reasonable  terms. 


POMPLITZ  & EODEWALD, 

III  lASmCTOlT 

KTo.  3S  E3Sr,^.tt  Street, 

CORNER  OF  ALBEMARLE  STREET. 

JK3T  These  Organs  took  the  highest  Premium  at  the  late  fair  at  the 
Maryland  Institute. 


LAP 


LIT 


Lappon’s  Cross  Roads,  p.  o.,  Washington 
co.  Situate  at  the  cross  roads,  6 m.  s.  of 
Hagerstown,  and  70  m.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Lauraville,  p.  o.,  Baltimore  co. 

Laurel  Factory,  p.  o.,  Prince  George  co. 
Situate  on  the  w.  side  of  Big  Patuxent  r., 
26  m.  n.  of  Upper  Marlboro’,  and  24  m.  wl 
n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Laytonsville,  p.  v.,  Montgomery  co, 

Leeds,  v.,  Cecil  co.  Situate  on  the  divide 
betw'een  Big  and  Little  Elk  rivers,  8 m.  n. 
of  Elkton. 

Leesborough,  p.  v.,  Montgomery  co. 
Situate  on  the  Washington  and  Rockville 
turnpike,  6 m.  e.  s.  e.  of  Rockville,  and 
9 n.  of  Washington  city,  D.  C.  The  name 
of  the  post-office  is  “ Cottage,”  (which  see.) 
The  village  and  its  suburbs  have  about  50 
houses,  5 water  mills,  and  one  steam  mill  for 
grinding  and  sawing : also  Catholic,  Episco- 
pal, and  Methodist  churches  and  Sunday 
schools.  The  buildings  are  generally  frame- 
work, but  several  are  of  stone  and  brick : 
one  of  the  latter,  the  mansion  of  Francis  P. 
Blair,  Esq.,  on  “ Silver  Spring  farm.”  Great 
improvements  have  of  late  years  been  made 
in  the  agriculture  of  this  neighborhood. 
The  whole  section  is  proverbially  healthy, 
and  is  well  watered  by  creeks  flowing  to 
Rock  Creek  and  east  branch  of  Potomac  r. 
Leesborough  is  on  a part  of  a 4,000  acre  tract 
called  “ St.  Joseph’s  Park,”  originally  the 
estate  of  the  Carroll  family,  some  of  whose 
descendants  remain  on  it.  "Very  large 
droves  of  cattle  from  Virginia  travel  through 
the  village  to  the  market  of  Baltimore. 
Population  about  300. 

Leitersburg,  p.  v.,  Washington  co.  Situ- 
ate in  the  n.  e.  corner  of  the  county,  2 m.  e. 
of  Antietam  cr.,  9 m.  n.  e.  of  Hagerstown, 
and  112  n.  w.  of  Annapolis.  Population  in 
1850,  298 — all  white  persons.  The  vicinity 
is  a flourishing  agricultural  country,  drained 
by  several  fine  affluents  of  Antiotam  cr.,  and 
inhabited  by  a most  industrious  community. 

Leister’s  Lane,  v.,  Carroll'  co.  Situate 
on  the  high  lands  of  Parr’s  Ridge,  8 m.  n. 
of  Westminster. 

Leonardtown,  co.  seat  and  p.  o.,  St. 
Mary’s  co.  Situate  on  the  e.  side  of  Brit- 
ton’s Bay,  a small  branch  of  Potomac  r.,  87 
m.  s.  of  Annapolis,  and  64  m.  s.  s.  e.  of 
Washington,  D.  C.  It  contains  the  usual 
county  buildings,  and  about  60  houses,  some 
of  which  are  commodious  and  well  built. 

Lewistown,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situate 
on  Fishing  cr.,  10  m.  n.  of  Frederick  city, 
and  85  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Libert ytown,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situ- 
ate 2 m.  n.  of  Linganore  cr.,  of  Monocacy 
r.,  15  m.  e.  n.  e.  of  Frederick  city,  and  70 
m.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 


Ltbertytown,  v.,  Worcester  co.  Situate 
on  the  e.  side  of  Pocomoke  r.,  16  m.  n.  n.  e. 
of  Snow  Hill. 

Licking  Creek,  Washington  co.  A con- 
siderable stream  from  Pennsylvania,  run- 
ning south  through  this  county  to  a con- 
fluence with  Potomac  r.,  12  m.  e.  of  Han- 
cock. 

Linganore  Creek,  Frederick  co.  A tribu- 
tary to  Monocacy,  r.,  from  Parr’s  Ridge. 

Lisbon,  p.  v.,  Howard  co.  Situate  on 
the  Baltimore  and  Frederick  turnpike,  13 
m.  w.  n.  w.  of  Ellicott’s  Mills,  and  23  m.  of 
Baltimore  city. 

Little  Back-bone,  Alleghany  co.  One 
of  the  ridges  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains. 

Little  Bohemia  River,  Cecil  co.  The 
south-east  branch  of  Bohemia  r.,  so  called. 

Little  Ciioptank  River,  Dorchester  co. 
A large  inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  5 
m.  s.  of  Choptanlc  r. ; a number  of  creeks 
empty  into  it  on  all  sides. 

Little  Conecocheague  Creek,  Washing- 
ton co.  Rises  in  several  streams  on  the  e. 
side  of  North  Mountain,  and  flowing  s.  falls 
into  Potomac  r. 

Little  Conoloway  Creek,  Washington 
co.  A small  stream  from  the  n.,  which 
falls  into  Potomac  r.,  at  Hancock. 

Little  Crossings,  v.,  Alleghany  co.  Situ- 
ate at  the  point  where  the  National  Road 
crosses  Little  Youghiogeny  r.,  25  m.  w.  of 
Cumberland. 

Little  Deel’s  Island,  Somerset  co.  An 
island  lying  outside  the  estuary  of  Mano- 
kin  r. 

Little  Elk  River,  Cecil  co.  The  west- 
ern fork  of  Elk  river,  so  called. 

Little  Gunpowder  Falls.  A fine  mill 
stream,  separating  Baltimore  and  Harford 
counties,  and  falling  into  the  n.  w.  arm  ol 
Gunpowder  r. 

Little  Gunpowder,  p.  o.,  Baltimore  co. 
Situate  on  the  w.  side  of  Little  Gunpowder 
cr.,  two  miles  above  its  confluence  with 
Gunpowder  r.,  14  m.  e.  n.  e.  of  Baltimore 
city,  and  46  n.  by  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Little  Honga  River,  Dorchester  co.  A 
branch  of  Honga  r.,  lying  between  Meek- 
in  Neck  and  the  main  land. 

Little  Patuxent  River,  Howard  and 
Anne  Arundel  cos.  The  eastern  branch  of 
Patuxent  r.,  which,  after  watering  the 
southern  portion  of  Howard  co.,  in  which 
it  has  its  rise,  by  several  streams,  passes 
into  Anne  Arundel  co.,  through  the  w.  sec- 
tion of  which  it  runs  to  its  confluence,  12 
m.  s.  of  the  Howard  co.  line. 

Little  Pipe  Creek,  Carroll  co.  A tribu- 
tary of  Sam’s  cr.  of  Monocacy  r.,  from  the 
w.  slope  of  Parr’s  Ridge. 

Little  Youghic  ieny  River,  Alleghany 


LLO 


MIC 


co.  Drains  the  n.  part  of  the  valley  be- 
tween Negro  Mountain  and  Meadows 
Mountain,  from  the  slopes  of  which  it  has 
its  sources;  and  .passing  n.  into  Pennsyl- 
vania, by  its  junction  with  Flaugherty’s  cr., 
forms  Casselman’s  r.,  the  largest  tributary 
of  Youghiogeny  r. 

Llongollen  Mines,  Alleghany  co.  Situ- 
ate about  1 m.  n.  w.  of  the  junction  of 
George’s  cr.  with  the  Potomac  r.  A branch 
of  the  Lonaconing  R.  R.  is  projected  to 
these  mines. 

Lonaconing,  p.  v.,  Alleghany  co.  Situate 
on  the  w.  bank  of  George’s  cr.,  and  on  the 
Prostburg  and  Western  post-road,  18  m. 
s.  w.  of  Cumberland,  and  184  n.  w.  of  An- 
napolis. A wooden  track  rail-road,  3 feet 
wide,  leads  hence  to  Eckart’s  R.  R.,  about 
8 m.,  and  thence  to  Cumberland  by  the  lat- 
ter and  Mt.  Savage  R.  R.  A rail-road  is 
also  projected  hence  to  Western  Port. 

Lonaconing  Rail-Road,  Alleghany  co. 
This  rail-road,  as  projected,  will  extend 
from  Lonaconing  southward  to  the  Poto- 
mac r.,  which  it  will  reach  immediately 
w.  of  the  mouth  of  George’s  creek,  and 
opposite  Western  Port.  Length,  7 miles. 

London  Town,  v.,  Anne  Arundel  co. 
Situate  on  the  w.  side  of  South  r.,  5 m. 
s.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Long  Green  Academy,  p.  o.,  Baltimore  co. 
Situate  in  Long  Green  Valley,  north  of 
Great  Gunpowder  Falls,  14  m.  n.  e.  of  Bal- 
timore city,  and  52  m.  n.  of  Annapolis. 

Long  Marsh,  p.  o.,  Queen  Anne  co.  Sit- 
uate to  the  e.  of  Tuckahoe  cr.,  14  m.  n.  e. 
of  Centreville,  and  51  e.  n.  e.  of  Annapo- 
lis. 

Long  Old  Fields,  p.  o.,  Prince  George 
co.  Situate  on  the  Washington  post-road, 

8 m.  w.  of  Upper  Marlboro’,  and  31  m.  w. 
of  Annapolis. 

Louistown,  v.,  Talbot  co.  Situate  on  the 
w.  sid6  of  Tuckahoe  cr.,  5 m.  n.  of  its  con- 
fluence with  Choptank  r. 

Love  Point,  Queen  Anne  co.  The  most 
northerly  cape  or  headland  of  Kent 
island. 

Love’s,  Baltimore  co.  A station  on  the 
Balt,  and  Susquehanna  R.  R.,  20  m.  n.  of 
Baltimore  city. 

Lower  Marlboro’,  p.  v.,  Calvert  co. 
Situate  on  the  e.  side  of  Patuxent  r.,  38  m. 
above  its  confluence  with  Chesapeake  Bay, 
13  m.  n.  n.  w.  of  Prince  Frederick  Town, 
and  41  s.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

McKinstry’s  Mills,  p.  o.,  Carroll  co. 
Situate  on  Dickinson’s  cr.,  7 m.  s.  w.  of 
Westminster,  and  68  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Magnolia,  p.  v.,  Harford  co.  Situate  on 
the  line  of  the  Philadelphia,  "Wilmington  [ 


and  Baltimore  R.  R.,  18  m.  e.  of  Baltimore. 
12  s.  of  Bel-Air,  and  46  n.  n.  e.  of  An- 
napolis. 

Magathy  River,  Anne  Arundel  co.  A 
considerable  stream,  confluent  with  Chesa- 
peake Bay,  between  Stony  and  Sandy 
points. 

Manchester,  p.  v.,  Carroll  co.  Situate  at 
the  head  waters  of  Big  Pipe  cr.,  in  the  hilly 
region  of  Parr’s  Ridge,  10  m.  n.  n.  e.  of 
Westminster,  and  60  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 
A fine  wheat  and  grazing  country  sur- 
rounds the  village.  In  1850  it  contained 
507  inhabitants,  only  two  of  whom  were 
colored  persons.  A good  road  leads  direct 
to  Baltimore.  Distant  s.  s.  e.  32  miles. 

Manokin  Neck.  A peninsula  lying  be- 
tween Manokin  r.  and  Monie  cr.,  termin- 
ating in  Haines’  Point. 

Manokin  River,  Somerset  co.  A large 
creek  or  estuary  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  at  the 
head  of  which  is  located  Princess  Ann,  the 
county  capital. 

Marriottsville,  p.  v.,  Howard  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  s.  side  of  Patapsco  r.,  and  on  the 
line  of  the  Balt,  and  Ohio  R.  R.,  29  m.  w. 
of  Baltimore  city,  and  47  n.*w.  of  Anna- 
polis. 

Marshy  Hope  Creek,  Dorchester  co.  A 
large  cr.  of  Nanticoke  r.,  from  the  n.  It 
rises  in  Delaware. 

Maryland  Line,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co. 
Situate  on  the  n.  line  of  the  county  and 
state,  32  m.  n.  of  Baltimore  city,  and  62 
n.  of  Annapolis.  The  Baltimore  and  Har- 
risburg, Pa.,  post-road  passes  through  the 
village. 

Massey’s  Cross  Roads,  p.  o.,  Kent  co. 
Situate  equi-distant  between  Sassafras  and 
Chester  rivers,  3 m.  w.  of  Delaware  state 
line,  21  m.  e.  n.  e.  of  Chestertown,  and  56 
n.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Matthew’s  Store,  p.  o.,  Howard  co. 
Situate  on  the  post-road,  3 m.  s.  w.  of 
Cooksville,  and  16  w.  of  Ellicott’s  Mills. 

Meadow  Mountain,  Alleghany  co.  A 
ridge  of  the  Alleghanies. 

Mechanicstown,  p v.,  Frederick  co.  Sit- 
uate on  the  w.  side  of  Hunting  cr.,  and  at 
the  foot  of  Catoctin  Mountain,  where  the 
road  passes  through  Harmon’s  Gap,  14  m. 
n.  of  Frederick  city,  and  89  n.  w.  of  An- 
napolis. 

Mechanicsville,  v.,  Montgomery  co. 
Situate  in  a hilly  region,  at  the  head  waters 
of  Rock  cr.,  8 m.  n.  e.  of  Rockville,  and  64 
w.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Melvale,  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate  on 
the  w.  side  of  J ones’  Falls,  and  on  the  lino 
of  the  Balt,  and  Susquehanna  R.  R.,  4 m. 
n.  of  Baltimore  city. 

Michaelsville.  p.  v.,  Harford  co.  Situ* 


MID 


MON 


ate  two  miles  e.  of  Bush  r.,  15  m.  s.  e.  of 
Bel- Air,  and  60  n.  by  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Middlebrook  Mills,  p.  v.,  Montgomery 
co.  Situate  on  Seneca  cr.,  10  m.  n.  w.  of 
Rockville,  and  66  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Middleburgh,  p.  v.,  Carroll  co.  Situate 
between  Sam’s  cr.  and  Big  Pipe  cr.,  2 m. 
from  their  junction,  13  m.  w.  of  Westmin- 
ster, and  7S  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Middle  Point,  Somerset  co.  A point 
midway  between  Cape  Henlopen  and  Che- 
sapeake Bay,  and  the  initial  point  of  the 
tangent  line  of  Mason  and  Dixon’s  Sur- 
vey. 

Middle  River,  Baltimore  co.  An  inlet 
of  Chesapeake  Bay. 

Middle  River  Neck,  Baltimore  co.  A 
large  indented  neck  of  land  n.  of  Middle  r., 
and  bounded  on  the  e.  and  n.  by  Gunpow- 
der r.  and  Bird’s  r. 

Middletown,  v.,  Dorchester  co.  Situate 
e.  of  Transquaking  cr.,  12  m.  e.  s.  e.  of 
Cambridge. 

Middletown,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situate 
on  the  e.  side  of  Catoctin  cr.,  and  on  the 
Hagerstown  turnpike,  9 m.  w.  of  Frederick 
city,  and  83  n.  w.  of  Annapolis.  Middle 
cr.  joins  Catoctin  r.  immediately  N.  of  the 
village. 

Middletown,  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate 
near  the  head  of  Gunpowder  Falls,  2 m.  s. 
of  the  Pennsylvania  state  line,  30  m.  n.  of 
Baltimore,  and  60  n.  of  Annapolis.  The 
Balt,  and  Susquehanna  R.  R.  passes  about 
one  mile  eastward  of  the  village. 

Milestown,  p.  v.,  St.  Mary’s  co.  Situate 
three  or  four  miles  e.  of  Wicomico  r.,  and 
19  m.  n.  w.  of  Leonardtown. 

Miller’s  Island,  Baltimore  co.  A small 
island  in  Patapsco  r.,  at  the  mouth  of 
Back  cr. 

Millersville,  p.  v.,  Anne  Arundel  co. 
Situate  w.  of  Severn  r.,  10  m.  n.  w.  of 


Annapolis,  and  on  the  line  of  the  Annapo- 
lis and  Elkridge  R.  R. 

Mill  Green,  p.  o.,  Harford  co. 

Millington,  p.  v.,  Kent  co.  Situate  on 
the  n.  side  of  Chester  r.,  18  m.  e.  of  Ches- 
tertown,  and  53  n.  e.  of  Annapolis.  It  is  a 
flourishing  village,  and  has  an  excellent  aca  • 
demy. 

Mill  Mont,  v.,  Calvert  co.  Distant  9 
m.  from  St.  Leonard’s,  and  16  from  Prince 
Frederick  Town. 

Milton  Hill,  p.  o.,  Charles  co.  Situate 
7 m.  from  Allen’s  Fresh,  p.  o.,  and  16  from 
Port  Tobacco. 

Monkton  Mills,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situ- 
ate on  Great  Gunpowder  Falls,  and  on  the 
line  of  the  Balt,  and  Susquehanna  R.  R.,  22 
m.  n.  of  Balt.,  and  52  n.  of  Annapolis. 

Monie  Creek,  Somerset  co.  A large 
creek,  emptying  into  the  estuary  of  Wico- 
mico r. 

Monocacy  River,  Frederick  co.  This  fine 
river,  with  its  numerous  branches,  spreads 
over  all  the  central  and  eastern  portions  of 
the  county,  into  Carroll  county,  and  north- 
ward into  Pennsylvania,  occupying  the 
whole  region  between  Catoctin  Mountain 
and  Parr’s  Ridge.  Its  main  stream  has  a 
course  almost  directly  s..  through  the  middle 
of  Frederick  county,  and  falls  into  Potomac 
r.,  about  3 m.  s.  w.  of  Sugar  Loaf  Moun- 
tain. 

Monrovia,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situate 
on  the  n.  side  of  Bush  cr.,  8 m.  from  its 
confluence  with  Monocacy  r.,  12  m.  s.  e.  of 
Frederick  city,  and  71  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 
The  Balt,  and  Ohio  R.  R.  passes  through 
the  village ; distant  50  m.  w.  of  Baltimore 
city. 

Montell’s,  Baltimore  co.  A station  on 
the  Westminster  Branch  R.  R.,  11  m.  n.  of 
Baltimore  city. 


MONTGOMERY  COUNTY  lies  between  the  Patuxent  and  Potomac  rivers,  and  is 
bounded  north-west  by  Frederick,  and  south-east  by  Prince  George  and  the  District  of 
Columbia.  It  contains  an  area  of  281,600  acres.  The  surface  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
county  is  hilly,  and  numerous  fine  creeks  flow  from  it  in  every  direction.  Seneca  creek, 
Rock  creek,  and  the  tributaries  of  the  Eastern  Branch  of  Potomac  river,  which  rise 
from  this  region,  and  flow  southward,  drain  the  greater  portion  of  the  county,  and  have 
excellent  mill  sites.  The  streams  flowing  to  the  Monocacy  and  Patuxent  are  short,  and 
comparatively  of  little  volume.  Pure  and  good  water  is  everywhere  abundant.  The  soil  is 
various,  some  very  thin  and  sterile,  and  some  rich  and  fertile.  It  has  been  greatly  reduced 
by  an  exhausting  system  of  cultivation,  but  of  late  years  has  been  improved  by  careful 
tillage.  The  climate  is  temperate  and  genial  to  general  agriculture,  and  the  winters  are 
seldom  too  cold  for  out-door  cattle-feeding.  Oak  in  all  its  varieties,  hickory,  poplar, 
chestnut,  pine,  walnut,  birch,  maple,  sycamore  and  ash  constitute  the  timber  growths ; 
and  wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats  and  tobacco  its  chief  products.  Gneiss,  serpentine,  red 
sandstone  intermixed  with  shale,  limestone,  trap  and  quartz,  are  the  prevailing  rock  for- 
mations. “Entering  Montgomery  county  from  the  north-west,”  says  the  census  of  1850, 
u red  sandstone  makes  its  appearance,  and  is  extensively  quarried  near  the  mouth  of 
Seneca  creek ; it  is  succeeded  by  argilites,  and  within  a short  distance  of  Rockville  by 


248 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


I.  D.  FORMAN.  JOHN  L.  SICKEL.  BUSHROD  T.  PERRY.  HENRY  KRONATJ. 

FOHMAlf,  SICKEL  & CO. 

SUCCESSORS  TO  JACOB  TRUST, 

IMPORTERS  OF 

FRENCH,  GERMAN,  AND  ENGLISH 


m 


n M 


AND  DEALERS  IN 

WATCHES,  JEWELRY,  CUTLERY,  &C. 
No.  312  Baltimore  Street. 

MARSH  ®Ss  €30. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  AND  DEALERS  IN 

lure® 


9 


^ 9 

MATS,  PAILS,  TUBS, 


J 9 


No.  113  LOMBARD  STREET. 


JAHES  PAWLEY,  JR.,  & BRO. 

No.  18  SOUTH  CALVERT  STREET, 

IMPORTERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 


AND 


QUEENS  WARE, 

LOW  FOR  CASH,  OR  APPROVED  PAPER 
J££TStone  Ware  at  Factory  prices. 

RICHARD  MURDOCK 

MANUFACTURER  OF  IMPROVED 

I 


M U 


111!  iiiiil 


Adapted  to  all  the  wants  of  Business,  as  Railroad,  Track  and 
kDepot,  Hay,  Coal,  Mill,  Factory , Warehouse  and  Store. 

DORMANT  AND  PORTABLE  SCALES 

Of  all  sizes;  Also,  Counter  Balances,  Spring  and  Patent  Balances  and  Appli- 
ances, Scale  Beams,  &c. 

No.  46  South  Charles  Street. 


MON 


MON 


the  serpentine  formation,  containing  beds  of  chromiferous  iron.  This  is  the  centre  of  a 
group  of  primary  rocks,  which  occupies  nearly  the  whole  of  the  county ; the  rocks  of 
this  group  are  principally  granitic.  Gneiss,  horn-blende  rocks,  micaceous  and  talcose 
slates  of  chromiferous  iron,  which  are  used  for  the  production  of  pigments  and  dyes,  and 
ores  of  manganese  are  found.”  “ A gold  mine  was  discovered  in  this  county  in  1848, 
and  is  now  worked  with  some  profit.” 

This  county  was  organized  6th  Sept.,  1776,  by  the  convention  that  formed  the  first 
Constitution  of  the  state.  It  was  taken  from  Frederick,  and  named  after  the  gallant 
soldier  who,  in  the  year  previous,  had  fallen  under  the  walls  of  Quebec.  Previous  to 
1748,  Montgomery  had  formed  a part  of  Prince  George  county,  and  was  settled  by  the 
natural  extension  of  population  from  St.  Mary’s  of  the  Potomac.  The  earliest  grants  of 
land  attested  by  legal  records,  are  dated  1685,  and,  from  the  names  of  the  grantees  and 
other  circumstances,  it  would  appear  that  the  first  white  inhabitants  were  natives  of  Eng- 
land. In  1790  the  population  of  the  county  was  18,003.  In  1820  it  was  found  to  have 
decreased  to  16,400 ; and  in  1830,  to  14,669 ; but  in  1840,  it  was  15,456 ; and  in  1850, 
15,860.  Of  the  population  at  the  latter  period,  9,435  were  white  persons,  1,311  free 
colored  persons,  and  5,114  slaves ; and  of  these,  excluding  the  slaves,  9,758  were  born  in 
Maryland,  13  in  other  states  of  the  Union,  and  274  in  foreign  countries.  Dwellings,  1,923  ; 
and  families,  1,960;  and  in  1849-50,  there  were — births,  478;  marriages,  64;  and  deaths, 
287.  Deaf  and  dumb,  7 ; blind,  16 ; insane,  13 ; and  idiotic,  20.  Slaves,  fugitive,  in 
1849-50,  nine. 

On  the  1st  June,  1850,  the  county  contained  1,051  farms,  covering  162,815  acres  im- 
proved, and  111,122  acres  unimproved  lands,  valued  together  at  $3,084,361 ; and  the 
value  of  farming  implements  and  machinery  was  $134,179.  The  live  stock  consisted  of 
4,118  horses,  93  asses  and  mules,  4,519  milch  cows,  724  working  oxen,  3,523  other  cattle, 
9,780  sheep,  and  16,332  swine,  valued  in  the  aggregate  at  $394,678 ; and  the  amount  of 
wool  produced  was  $28,961,  and  of  butter,  245,297  pounds ; and  the  value  of  animals 
slaughtered  in  1849-50  was  $99,393.  The  crops  of  1849-50  amounted  to — wheat, 
164,108  bushels;  rye,  5,157 ; Indian  corn,  396,947;  oats,  168,240;  barley,  56;  buck- 
wheat, 6,083 ; peas  and  beans,  589 ; Irish  potatoes,  49,399,  and  sweet  potatoes,  121 
bushels ; also  hay,  8,588  tons ; clover-seed,  1,036  bushels,  and  other  grass-seed,  49 
bushels;  hops,  170  pounds;  flax,  5,510  pounds,  and  flax-seed,  701  bushels.  The  value 
of  orchard  products  was  $8,513,  and  of  market  garden  products,  $4,470.  Wine,  75  gallons ; 
silk  cocoons,  21  pounds,  and  beeswax  and  honey,  4,334  pounds,  are  also  found  among  the 
productions  of  the  county.  The  value  of  home-made  manufactures  for  the  year  was  set 
down  at  $9,802. 

There  were,  at  the  date  before  named,  80  industrial  establishments  in  the  county,  with 
an  aggregate  invested  capital  of  $137,810;  consuming  in  the  year  raw  material  to  the 
value  of  $219,372  ; employing  on  the  average  of  179  males  and  63  females,  at  an  average 
monthly  cost  of  $3,870;  and  producing  goods  to  the  value  of  $331,167  in  the  year. 
Two-fifths  of  the  capital  was  invested  in  milling  operations,  and  one-fourth  in  the  manu- 
facture of  Cotton  and  wooL  The  following  are  the  details  of  the  principal  occupations : 


Business. 

No. 

Capital. 

Hands. 

Value  of  Products. 

Agricul  .•implements ...... 

Blacksmiths 

3,000. 

25 

Cotton  Factory 

1 

20,000 

70 

Woolen  Factories 

15,200 

Mills  flnnr 

6 

25,050 

“ grist 

“ saw 

15 

12,050 

Tanneries 

3 

3,900 

And  besides  these  there  were  in  operation  2 boot  and  shoe  factories,  1 cooperage,  1 en- 
graving office,  1 bone  mill,  2 clover  mills,  1 paper  mill,  1 sumac  mill,  1 saddlery,  1 stone 
quarry,  and  1 tin  shop.  The  gold  mine  before  alluded  to  employed  7 hands,  and  pro- 
duced in  the  year  $1,596. 

The  average  wages  to  a farm-hand  with  board  is  $8  a month;  to  a day-laborer  75 
cents,  or  with  board,  50  cents ; to  a carpenter,  $1  25  a day ; and  to  a female  domestic 
with  board  $1  a week.  The  price  of  board  for  laboring  men  is  $1  75  a week. 

The  value  of  real  and  personal  property  in  1850  amounted  to  $4,523,800,  and  the  taxes 
assessed  thereon  to  $26,246;  of  which  sum  $13,128  was  state  tax,  and  $13,128  county 
tax.  The  number  of  paupers  supported  in  the  year  ending  1st  June,  1850,  was  118;  of 


250  BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 

L M.  SINGER  & CO’S 


No.  105  BALTIMORE  STREET. 


THE  HIGHEST  PREMIUM,  A GOLD  MEDAL. 

WAS  AWARDED  THIS  MACHINE  AT  THE  LATE 
'EP.£k£SZS2S3  L33  SS  IS  H3  52  'O*  52  CE>  SS'  9 


AND  IT  IS  UNIVERSALLY  ACKNOWLEDGED 


The  Improvements  lately  added  to  these  Machines,  whereby  they  execute  double  the  amount  of  work  they 
could  formerly  in  a day.  and  so  much  belter,  place  them  beyond  competition  in  every  respect.  They  are, 
without  question,  the  only  machines  capable  of  sewing  every  variety  of  goods  perfect.  They  sew  the  finest 
linen,  as  also  cloth  and  leath*  r,  in  such  a manner  that  the  closest  scrutiny  cannot  detect  a fault.  No  planter  or 
family  should  be  without  one.  Manufacturers  of  ail  kinds  of  sewn  goods  will  find  in  them  a very  profitable 
investment.  X.  TVT_  SINTGER  Sz  CO. 

Principal  Office,  No.  323  Broadway,  N.  Y. 


M O N 


NAS 


which  99  remained  charged  on  the  public  at  that  date.  Only  one  criminal  was  convicted 
during  the  year. 

From  the  educational  statistics  of  this  county  we  learn  that  the  number  of  primary 
and  public  schools  was,  on  the  1st  June,  1850,  thirty-four , with  the  same  number  of 
teachers,  and  750  scholars;  annual  cost,  $8,006,  of  which  $3,007  was  received  from 
public  funds,  and  $4,999  from  other  sources ; and  that  the  number  of  academies  and  other 
schools  was  6,  with  10  teachers  and  160  pupils ; annual  cost,  $6,530,  of  which  $1,000 
was  received  from  public  funds,  and  $5,470  from  other  sources.  The  whole  number 
of  individuals  that  attended  school  in  1849-50  was  1,264.  Only  one  newspaper  is  published 
in  the  county,  and  only  8 libraries,  containing  1,657  vols.,  exist  therein.  Adults,  who 
cannot  read  and  write,  numbered  1,638;  namely,  1,152  white  adults,  and  486  free  colored 
adults.  These  facts  exhibit  many  cogent  reasons  for  an  immediate  reformation  in  school 
matters.  Of  4,714  adults,  white  persons,  1,152  can  neither  read  nor  write!  and  of  575 
adult  free  colored  persons,  486  labor  under  the  same  disability  ! 

There  were  37  churches  in  the  county  in  1850,  with  accommodations  for  8,450  persons,  and 
valued  at  $35,350 ; of  these  4 belonged  to  the  Baptists,  4 to  the  Episcopalians,  1 to  the 
Friends,  18  to  the  Methodists,  4 to  the  Presbyterians,  4 to  the  Roman  Catholics,  and  2 to 
the  Union  or  Free  Church. 

Rockville  is  the  county,  seat  of  justice,  and  the  following  are  the  principal  villages  and 
post-offices — Barnesville,  Brookville,  Clarksburgh,  Colesville,  Cottage,  Damascus,  Daunes- 
town,  Hyattstown,  Laytonsville,  Middlebrook  Mills,  Poolsville,  Sandy  Spring,  Seneca 
Mills,  Tnadelphia,  Unity. 


Montpelier,  v.,  Washington  co.  Situate 
on  the  e.  side  of  Little  Conecocheague  cr., 
13  m.  w.  of  Hagerstown. 

Morgan’s  Creek,  Carroll  co.  Rises  in 
two  branches  from  the  e.  slope  of  Parr’s 
Ridge,  and  joins  the  n.  branch  of  Patapsco 
r.,  of  which  it  is  the  principal  tributary,  6 m. 
above  the  forks. 

Mount  Airy,  p.  o.,  Carroll  co.  Situate 
on  Parr’s  Ridge — a station  on  the  Balt,  and 
Ohio  R.  R.,  44  m.  w.  of  Baltimore  city. 

Mount  Olive,  p.  o.,  St.  Mary’s  co. 

Mount  Pleasant,  v.,  Queen  Anne  co. 
Situate  on  the  e.  county  line,  and  about  2 m. 
w.  of  the  Delaware  state  line,  18  m.  n.  e.  of 
Centre  ville. 

Mount  Pleasant,  p.  o.,  Frederick  co. 
Situate  on  the  post-road,  6 m.  n.  e.  of  Fred- 
erick city,  and  81  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Mount  St.  Mary’s  College,  Frederick  co. 
Situate  about  two  miles  s.  w.  of  Einmetts- 
burg,  and  20  n.  of  Frederick  city.  T^he 
college  is  under  Catholic  auspices.  In  1850 
it  had  10  professors  or  teachers,  and  130 
students.  The  Theological  Seminary  had 
24  students,  of  whom  15  were  studying  the- 
ology, and  nine  philosophy  and  humanities. 

Mount  Savage,  p.  v.,  Alleghany  co.  Situ- 
ate at  the  forks  of  the  s.  branch  of  Jen- 
nings’ Run,  9 m.  w.  of  Cumberland,  and 
176  w.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis.  A rail-road 
extends  hence  to  Cumberland.  The  Mt. 
Savage  Iron  Works  are  located  in  this  vici- 
nity. General  surface  of  the  county  2,100 
feet  above  tide  water. 

Mount  Savage  Iron  Works,  Alleghany 
co.  Situate  on  Jennings’  Run,  10  m.  w.  of 
Cumberland,  with  which  they  communicate 
by  the  Mt.  Savage  R.  R. 


Mount  Savage  Rail-road,  Alleghany  co. 
This  road  extends  from  the  Iron  Works  at 
Mt.  Savage,  to  Cumberland,  10  m.  About 
2 m.  in  length  belongs  to  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  R.  R.  Company,  and  forms  part  of 
their  general  track. 

Myersville,  p.  v.  Frederick  co. 

Nanjemoy,  p.  v.,  Charles  co.  Situate  on 
the  w.  side  of  Nanjemoy  Bay,  15  m.  s.  w. 
of  Port  Tobacco,  and  88  s.  of  Annapolis.  It 
is  a port,  and  enjoys  a considerable  amount 
of  trade. 

Nanjemoy  River,  Charles  co.  An  es- 
tuary or  bay  of  Potomac  r.,  a few  miles  to 
the  w.  of  Port  Tobacco. 

N anticoke  River.  A large  stream,  which, 
rising  in  Delaware,  flows  s.  w.,  and  enters 
Maryland  at  a point  7 m.  n.  of  the  s.  w. 
corner  of  Delaware.  It  receives  Marshy 
Hope  cr.,  its  principal  tributary,  3 m.  w.  of 
the  state  line,  whence  the  united  stream 
flows  into  Fishing  Bay,  an  arm  of  the 
Chesapeake,  and  in  its  course  serves  as  the 
line  of  division  between  Dorchester  and 
Somerset  counties.  It  is  navigable  through 
its  whole  course  in  Maryland,  and  is  a high- 
way of  great  use  to  the  neighboring  dis- 
tricts. Vienna,  a port  of  entry,  is  the  prin- 
cipal centre  of  its  commerce  and  trade. 

Nanticoke  Point.  A head-land  forming 
the  e.  side  of  the  entrance  to  Fishing  Bay, 
and  opposite  to  Bishop’s  Head,  which  forms 
the  w.  side. 

Naseongo  Creek,  Worcester  co.  A branch 
of  Pokomoke  r.,  its  confluence  with  which 
occurs  at  a point  about  2 m.  s.  of  Snow 
Hill.  It  drains  a large  surface  in  the  e. 
section  of  the  county. 


252 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


!VX^INJTTZP^5L.OrJ?TJXlL3I3^, 

No.  18  SOUTH  STREET, 

KEEPS  CONSTANTLY  ON  HAND  AND  MAKES  TO  ORDER 

SOOTS  INI  SHOES  .07  MEET  BESGRIPTHOM 

OF  THE  VERY  BEST  FRENCH  MANUFACTURE. 


F.  ROLOSON  & CO. 

| COMMISSION  MERCHANTS. 

AND  PACKERS  OF 

inimntr  anil  TBiutcr  <Cnwit 

mmms  & 

FOR  HOME  & FOREIGN  MARKETS, 

BS5  Baltimore  & 24  Diamond  St, 


G-  L U C K, 

MANUFACTURER  OF 


JkX  U2.  9 

No.  81  N.  Gay  Street, 

SOUTH  SIDE 

ADJOINING  THE  BRIDGE 

Roofing,  Spouting  and  Job- 
promptly  attended  to. 
orders  for  Exportation  Cans 
filled  at  the  shortest  notice.  Con- 
stantly on  hand,  a large  stock  of 
stoves.  Wolf’s  Celebrated  Prize 
Premium  Cooking  Stoves. 


WILLIAM 


N E G 


0 X F 


Negro  Mountain,  Alleghany  co.  One  of 
the  principal  ridges  of  the  Alleghanies, 
occupying  a large  portion  of  the  n.  av.  sec- 
tion of -the  county,  and  passing  into  Penn- 
sylvania. 

Newark,  p.  v.,  Worcester  co.  Situate  on 
a creek  of  Sinepuxent  Bay,  8 m.  n.  e.  of 
Snow  Hill,  and  123  s.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Neav-Hope,  p.  v.,  Caroline  co. 

New-Loxdon,  p.  A'..  Frederick  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  n.  side  of  Ben’s  Branch  of  Lin- 
ganore  cr.,  8 m.  e.  of  Frederick  city,  and  70 
N.  w.  of  Annapolis.  It  stands  on  ele\Tated 
ground  in  the  centre  of  a beautiful  agricul- 
tural county. 

Neav-Market,  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate 
near  the  n.  state  line  on  the  turnpike,  31  m. 
N.  of  Baltimore. 

Neav-Market,  v.,  Dorchester  co.  Situate 
on  the  e.  side  of  Choptank  r. ; distant  4 m., 
and  from  Cambridge  9 m.  n.  e. 

Neav-Market,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situate 
on  the  n.  bank  of  Bush  cr.,  and  on  the  turn- 
pike, 8 m.  e.  of  Frederick  city,  and  68  n.  av. 
of  Annapolis.  A fine  agricultural  country 
surrounds  the  village,  which  enjoys  also  some 
trade.  At  the  distance  of  less  than  a mile 
s.  is  Monrovia,  a station  on  the  Balt,  and 
Ohio  R.  R. 

Neav-Market,  v.,  Kent  co.  Situate  on 
the  n.  side  of  Chester  r.,  and  11  m.  e.  by  n. 
of  Chestertown. 

Neav-Port,  p.  v.,  Charles  co.  Situate  on 
Pites  Fresh,  a stream  of  Allen’s  Fresh,  or 
Wicomico  r.,  12  m.  n.  of  the  confluence 
of  the  latter  with  Potomac  r.,  11  m.  s.  e.  of 
Port  Tobacco,  and  83  s.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Neavtoavn,  p.  v.,  Worcester  co.  Situate 
on  the  e.  side  of  Pocomoke  r.,  2 m.  below 
the  confluence  of  Dividing  cr.,  15  m.  s.  w. 
of  SnoAv  Hill,  and  126  s.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

New-Windsor,  p.  Ar.,  Carroll  co.  Situate 
on  the  n.  side  of  Dickenson’s  branch  of 
Little  Pipe'  cr.,  6 m.  s.  av.  of  Westminster, 
and  65  n.  av.  of  Annapolis. 

Neav-Yoric  Company’s  Mines,  Alleghany 
co.  Situate  3 m.  e.  of  Frostburg,  and  a 
short  distance  n.  of  National  Road,  and  8 
m.  av.  of  Cumberland,  with  which  commu- 
nication is  had  by  the  Eckart  R.  R. 

Nop.m  Branch,  p.  o.,  Baltimore  co.  Sit- 
uate on  the  north  branch  of  Patapsco  r., 
where  that  stream  is  crossed  by  the  Balt, 
and  Liberty  road,  16  m.  av.  of  Baltimore 
city,  and  45  n.  av.  of  Annapolis.  The 
country  on  the  falls  is  hilly,  but  the  soil  is 
good  and  well  cultivated.  Within  the  de- 
livery of  this  office,  there  are  some  50  or 
60  dAvellings,  some  of  stone,  5 churches, 
3 schools,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 

North-East.  p.  o.,  Cecil  co.  Situate,  on 
the  e.  side  of  North-East  r.;  a stream  con- 


j fluent  with  Chesapeake  Bay,  6 m.  av.  of 
| Elkton,  and  74  n.  n.  e.  of  Annapolis.  The 
| Balt,  and  Philadelphia  R.  R.  passes  through, 
the  village ; distant  from  Baltimore  46  m.. 
and  from  Philadelphia  52  m. 

North-East  Riater,  Cecil  co.  An  es- 
tuary of  Chesapeake  Bay  in  its  extreme 
n.  e.  extension. 

North  Mountain,  Washington  co.  A 
ridge  of  the  Alleghanies.  In  Maryland  it 
traverses  a course  n.  and  s.  between  Little 
Conecocheague  and  Licking  creeks,  and  is 
noted  for  its  springs. 

North  Point,  Baltimore  co.  A cape  on 
the  n.  side  of  the  entrance  of  Patapsco  r. 
into  Chesapeake  Bay.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  important  light-house  stations  on  the 
Atlantic  sea-board,  and  is  a place  famous  in 
history  as  the  point  of  debarkation  of  the 
British  in  the  Avar  of  1812. 

Nottingham,  v.,  Cecil  co.  Situate  be- 
tAveen  the  branches  of  North-East  r.,  6 m. 
n.  of  their  junction,  and  10  m.  n.  av.  of 
Elkton. 

Nottingham,  p.  Ar.,  Prince  George  co. 
Situate  on  the  w.  side  of  Patuxent  r.,  10  m. 
s.  s.  e.  of  Upper  Marlboro’,  and  32  s.  av.  of 
Annapolis. 

Oakville,  p.  v.,  St.  Mary’s  co.  Distant 
10  m.  from  Leonardtown. 

Old-Town,  p.  v.,  Alleghany  co.  Situate 
on  the  n.  bank  of  Potomac  r.,  and  on  the 
line  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  canal,  14 
m.  e.  of  Cumberland,  and  152  av.  n.  av.  of 
Annapolis.  The  Balt,  and  Ohio  R.  R.  runs 
along  the  s.  side  of  the  Potomac  in  this 
neighborhood.  This  is  the  oldest  village  in 
the  county,  having  been  settled  as  early  as 
1741  by  Col.  Thomas  Cresap,  and  several 
other  families. 

Orleans,  p.  v.,  Alleghany  co.  Situate  on 
Fifteen  Mile  cr.,  near  its  confluence  with 
Potomac  r.,  22  m.  e.  of  Cumberland,  and 
144  av.  n.  av.  of  Annapolis. 

Owing’s  Creek,  Frederick  co.  A tribu- 
tary of  Monocacy  r.  from  Catoctin  moun- 
tains. 

Oaving’s  Mills,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situ- 
ate on  Gwinn’s  Falls,  10  m.  by  turnpike,  n. 
av.  of  Baltimore  city,  and  by  way  of  rail- 
road 17  m. 

Oaving’s  Run,  p.  o.,  Carroll  co.  Situate 
on  the  Run  so  named,  12  m.  s.  of  West- 
minster, and  50  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Oavingsville,  p.  v.,  Howard  co.  Distant 
8 m.  from  Ellicott’s  Mills. 

Oxford,  p.  v.,  and  sea  port.  Situate  on 
e.  side  of  Treadhaven  cr.,  4 m.  n.  of  its 
confluence  with  Choptank  r.,  13  m.  s.  s.  av. 
of  Easton,  and  52  m.  s.  e.  of  Annapolis.  It 
is  a place  of  considerable  trade.  In  1849-50. 


254 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


HOUSEKEEPING  ARTICLES 


OO  RTL.AN  €D 


Where  those  commencing  or  about  replenishing,  will  find  every  thing  that  may  be 
needed,  from  the  commonest  kitchen  utensil  to  the  finest  parlor  ornament.  Im- 
porting direct  all  foreign  goods  from  the  manufactories,  and  being  engaged  largely 
in  the  manufacture  of  many  articles  ourselves,  purchasers  may  rely  upon  obtaining 
all  they  may  desire  upon  the  very  best  terms  and  at  very  small  profits. 


PLATED  ALBATA  WARE.— Fine  Tea  and  Coffee  j 
Sets,  C 


ENGLISH  ENAMELED  WARE— Saucepans  with 

Kettles, 


Casters,  > covers,  Preserving  Kettles,  Porringers,  Tea 
s,  Candle-  ] Gridirons,  Frying  Pans,  Coffee  Mills,  etc. 


-Table  and  Dessert 


Waiters 

sticks.  Cake  Bas-  > IVORY  TABLE  CUTLERY. 

kets,  Coffee  Urns,  ' Knives,  with  or  without  Forks;  Knives  and  Forks  in 
Napkin  Rings,  > dozens  and  jn  sets  of  51  and  53  pieces;  Game  and 
Pickle  Stands,  > geef  Carvers  and  Steels.  These  goods  we  have  from 
Butler  Coolers,  ) tjie  makers  known. 

l TABLE  AND  DOOR  MATS— Oil  Cloth  Table 
a ,t  J ) Mats,  Grass  Mats,  Chinese,  Willow  and  French  Mats, 
TuLtirH  4 noons  \ Mats,  Manilla,  Sheepskin,  Cane,  Ambrosial  and 

Po"«  Soup  l£  R0')e  D()0r  MatS* 

dies.  WOODEN  WARE— Wash  Tubs,  Flour  and  Sugar 

ENGLISH  ) Pails,  Bairel  Covers,  Clothes  Horses,  Salt  and  Spice 
BRITANNIA  > Boxes,  Knife  Boards  and  Boxes,  Buckets,  Butter 
WARE— Tea  and  \ Prints. 

Coffee  Sets,  Cof  ) BRUSHES. — Feather  Dusters,  Furniture  Brushes, 

fee  Urns,  Casters,  ) Velvet,  Sweeping,  Wiping,  Plate,  Window,  Shoe, 
Tea  Kettles,  Dish  > Hearth,  Crumb,  Stair,  Horse  and  Carriage  Brushes. 


) 

TRAYS > 


AND  WAITERS 


COMMON  TIN  AND  SHEET  IRON  WARE  of 
) every  description,  and  Japanned  Chamber  Buckets, 
} Water  Cans,  Toilet  Jars,  Basins  and  Pitchers,  Wine 


C V,'  nil-  ( >V  Slier  V^rlllS,  iuilctjais,  lirl&IIlO  <111 

—Gothic, Elliptic,  > Coolers,  Spittoons,  Knife  Boxes,  etc 
Victoria,  Albert,  ’ 1 ’ _ ’ 


and  Oval  patterns  ) BRONZED  IRON  GOODS— Hat  Racks,  Umbrella 
in  dozens  sets  ) Stands,  Marble  Top  Tables,  Spittoons,  Fenders,  And- 
or  singly,  from  10  ] irons,  Chairs,  Settees,  etc. 

'to  30  inches.  ) GAS  FIXTURES— Chandeliers,  Hall  and  Dining 

t rriTAT  nonne  /-<i  ta-  ■ 5 Room  Pendants,  Mantle  Ornaments,  plain  and  oma- 

BLOCK  TIN  GOODS-Chafing  Dish*  b,  Coffee  mented  Bracket’s  Shades  eIc. 

Urns,  Coffee  and  1 ea  Pots,  Egg  Boilers,  Plate  W arm-  { „T  , _ 

ers,  Oyster  Tureens,  Dish  Covers,  Nursery  Lamps,  \ SCISSORS. — Pocket  Scissors,  Natl  and  Buttonhole 
etc.,  in  great  variety  on  hand,  and  any  article  made  ) do.,  Tailors’ and  Banking  Shears,  Ladies’ W ork  and 
to  order,  or  altered  to  suit  the  purchasers.  ' Cutting  Out  Scissors,  etc. 

We  have  mentioned  above  a few  articles,  merely  to  show  the  description  of  goods  we  dial 
in,  asking  an  examination  of  our  stock,  feeling  assured  that  it  will  be  found  one  of  the  most 
complete  in  the  country.  Persons  out  of  the  city  may  rely  on  having  their  orders  filled  up 
as  correctly  as  if  they  were  here  in  person. 

CORTLAN  & CO. 

No-  203  Baltimore  Street. 

Importers  of  Foreign  Fancy  and  Staple  Goods,  and  manufacturers  of  Scott’s  Patent  Refrigerators  and  Bath- 
ng  Apparatus  of  all  descriptions. 


PAL 


P I N 


3 schooners  (175S  tons)  were  built  here ; 
and  the  shipping  belonging  to  the  collection 
district  amounted  in  1850  to  12,343  tons. 

Palmer’s  Tavern,  p.  oM  Prince  George 
co.  Situate  on  w.  side  of  Potomac  r.,  12 
m.  w.  of  Upper  Marlboro’,  and  34  >v.  of 
Annapolis. 

Park  Head,  p.  o.,  Washington  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  turnpike,  21  m.  w.  of  Hagers- 
town, and  122  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Parker’s  Island,  Anne  Arundel  co.  Sit- 
uate off  the  s.  coast  of  the  county,  and 
forming  the  n.  boundary  of  Fishing  Bay. 
Lat.  38°  53  n.,  and  long.  76°  41  w.  of 
Greenwich. 

Parkton,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate  on 
the  n.  side  of  Great  Gunpowder  Falls,  where 
it  is  crossed  by  the  Balt,  and  Susquehanna 
B.  B.,  28  m.  n.  of  Baltimore  city,  and  58  n. 
of  Annapolis. 

Parr’s  Pidge,  Carroll  co.  A low  ridge 
of  the  Alleghanies,  traversing  the  county  in 
a n.  e.  and  s.  w.  direction,  and  in  its  south- 
ern portion  forming  the  line  of  division  be- 
tween Frederick  and  Carroll  counties. 

Partnership,  p.  v.,  Charles  co.  10  m. 
from  Port  Tobacco. 

Patapsco  Neck,  Baltimore  co.  A penin- 
sula stretching  between  Back  r.  and  Bear 
er.,  into  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  terminating  in 
North  Point. 

Patapsco  Biver.  Bises  in  numerous 
branches  from  the  e.  slope  of  Parr’s  Bidge 
in  Carroll  county,  which  unite  in  the  s.  e. 
corner  of  said  county,  and  thence  continue 
in  a direction  s.  e.  and  e.  to  a confluence 
with  Chesapeake  Bay,  between  North  Point 
and  Bodkin  Point.  It  is  navigable  for  the 
largest  vessels  to  Baltimore  city,  which  is 
situated  on  its  n..  bank,  14  m.  from  its 
mouth.  In  its  upper  course  it  affords  ex- 
tensive mill  -power,  which  is  chiefly  appro- 
priated to  flouring.  The  North  Branch, 
Piney  Branch,  and  West  Branch,  are  its 
principal  constituent  rivers. 

Patuxent,  p.  v.,  Anne  Arundel  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  e.  side  of  Patuxent  r.,  26  m.  n. 
w.  of  Annapolis. 

Patuxent  Biver.  the  longest  river  within 
the  bounds  of  the  state,  rises  in  the  n.  part 
of  Montgomery  and  Howard  counties,  and 
flowing  s.  e.  40  m.  it  turns  to  the  s.,  and 
flows  50  m.  in  that  direction,  nearly  paral- 
lel with  Chesapeake  Bay,  until  it  enters  a 
large  estuary  which  is  confluent  with  that 
great  body  of  water,  18  m.  n.  of  the  mouth 
of  Potomac  r.  Vessels  of  250  tons  navi- 
gate it  to  Nottingham,  50  m.  from  the 
bay,  an  I smaller  vessels  further  up;  but  its 
upper  waters  are  more  suitable  for  mechani- 
cal purposes  than  for  inland  navigation. 


Perrymansville,  p.  v.,  Harford  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  w.  side  of  Bush  r.,  and  on  the 
Balt,  and  Philadelphia  B.  B.  27  m.  e.  of 
Baltimore  city,  and  57  n.  n.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Perrysville,  p.  v.,  Cecil  co.  Situate  on 
the  w.  side  of  Susquehanna  r.,  and  on  the 
Balt,  and  Philadelphia  B.  B.,  38  m.  e.  ol 
Baltimore,  14  m.  w.  of  Elkton,  and  67  n.  e. 
of  Annapolis. 

Petersville,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situ- 
ate about  1 m.  w.  of  Catoctin  cr.,  and  3 m.  n. 
of  Potomac  r.,  11  m.  s.  w.  of  Frederick  city, 
and  89  n.  w.  of  Annapolis.  Petersville  and 
its  district  contained,  in  1850,  2,351  inhabi- 
tants— 1.606  white  persons,  136  free  colored 
persons,  and  609  slaves. 

Philopolis,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate 
on  the  w.  side  of  Great  Gunpowder  Falls, 
17  m.  n.  of  Baltimore  city,  and  46  m.  n.  of 
Annapolis.  The  York  Turnpike  runs  di- 
rectly through  the  village,  and  the  Balt,  and 
Susquehanna  B.  B.  within  4 mile  of  it.  The 
surrounding  country  is  high  and  healthy. 
Limestone  is  found  in  every  hill.  The  in- 
habitants, who  are  mostly  “ Friends,”  are 
entirely  occupied  in  agricultural  pursuits, 
and  their  farms,  though  small,  are  highly 
improved,  and  cultivated  with  the  greatest 
care.  The  village  itself  consists  of  about  20 
dwellings,  built  altogether  of  stone.  There 
are  several  schools  and  churches  in  the 
neighborhood;  and  in  the  village  is  the 
“ Milton  Boarding  School”  for  boys,  a 
flourishing  and  efficient  institution.  Popu- 
lation 200. 

Phcenix  Mines  are  located  near  Western- 
port,  on  the  Potomac,  and  cover  an  area  of 
22,000  acres.  Capital  of  the  company 
$2,000,000.  The  Baltimore  and  Ohio  B.  B. 
runs  immediately  in  front  of  the  property, 
and  will  become  the  means  of  introducing 
the  coal  and  iron  of  this  region  to  the  mar- 
kets. 

Pig  Point,  v.,  Anne  Arundel  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  e.  side  of  Patuxent  r.,  opposite 
the  mouth  of  its  western  branch,  21  m. 
s.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Pikesville,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate 
2 m.  e.  of  Gwinn’s  Falls  on  the  Westminster 
turnpike,  7 m.  n.  w.  of  Baltimore  city,  and 
36  m.  n.  of  Annapolis.  A little  s.  of  the 
village  is  a National  Arsenal.  Pop.  250. 

Piney  Branch,  Carroll  co.  A tributary 
or  constituent  of  Patapsco  r.,  which  it  joins 
in  the  s.  e.  corner  of  the  county.  It  has  its 
sources  in  the  e.  slope  of  Parr’s  Bidge. 

Piney  Creek,  Carroll  co.  A tributary  of 
Monocacy  r.,  which  it  unites  with,  5 m.  s.  of 
the  Pennsylvania  state  line. 

Piney  Creek,  p.  o.,  Carroll  co.  Situate  on 
the  cr.  of  the  same  name  22  ro.  n.  w.  of 
Westminster. 


256 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


Ha.  €3rra  GUI ILbBTT. 


-A-  3NT  H> 

ificfaiasi! 

No.  56  E.  BALTIMORE  STREET. 

Balls  and  Parties  supplied  with  Ice  Cream,  Water  Ices,  Charlotte  Busse,  Jel- 
lies, Blanc  Mange,  Cake,  &c.,  with  punctuality  and  at  the  shortest  notice. 

He  would  also  inform  all  persons  who  seriously  contemplate  entering  the  matri- 
monial state,  that  he  is  fully  prepared  to  furnish  them  with  Wedding  Cakes,  Or- 
Ornaments,  Wines,  Cordials,  Confectionery,  &c.,  at  the  shortest  notice  and  on 
accommodating  terms. 

B&mS'S  ©MBS*  ©MAIBSffS,'  ©OHTBBTIOSB&Y, 

Carefully  packed  and  sent  to  any  part  of  the  country,  by  Bailroad,  Steamboat, 
Stage,  Omnibus,  or  any  other  mode  of  public  or  private  conveyance  which  may 
be  desired. 

The  Saloon  is  constantly  open  for  supplying  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  with  Tea, 
Coffee , Chocolate , Oysters , &c. 

MONTGOMERY  & BRO’8 

PATENT  IMPROVED  DOUBLE  SCREEN 


MANUFACTURED  AT 


No.  155  North  Gay  Street. 
STATE  £ SBBftTY  RIGHTS  fJ|Ri  SALE. 

We  sold  690  Fans  in  1855,  and  are  prepared  to  furnish  TOO  in 


1856.  Warranted  the  best  Fans  now  in  use  for  cleaning  all  kinds  of  Grain. 


IlliSIS 


For  Cemeteries,  Burial  Grounds,  Church  Yards,  Puplic  Squares, 
Private  Mansions,  Hotels,  &c.,  at  reduced  prices:  say,  from 
$1.50  to  $2  per  foot,  all  put  up  complete. 

NO  EXTBA  CIIABGE  FOB  GBANITE  BLOCKS. 

No.  13  PRESIDENT  STREET. 


PIN 


POR 


Piney  Point,  St.  Mary’s  co.  A clear, 
open  cape  projecting  into  the  Potomac  r., 
which  is  here  8 m.  wide,  and  much  resorted 
to  for  bathing. 

Piscataway,  p.  v.,  Prince  George  co. 
Situate  on  the  s.  side  of  the  river  of  the 
same  name,  7 m.  above  its  confluence  with 
Potomac  r.,  16  m.  s.  w.  of  Upper  Marlboro’, 
and  39  s.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Piscataway  River,  Prince  George  co. 
Rises  a little  westward  of  Upper  Marl- 
boro’, whence  its  course  is  s.  w.  to  Pisca- 
taway village,  and  then  w.  to  the  Potomac, 
which  it  enters  at  Fort  Washington  Point. 
The  upper  course  of  the  stream  is  a mere 
creek,  but  seven  miles  of  its  lower  course 
is  a fine  open  estuary  nearly  a mile  wide  in 
some  places.  The  depth  of  the  Potomac, 
where  it  is  joined  by  Piscataway  r.,  is  72 
feet. 

Pleasant  Grove,  p.  o.,  Alleghany  co. 
Situate  in  a hilly  region,  5 m.  e.  of  Cumber- 
land, and  containing  a church,  school-house, 
tavern,  blacksmith  shop,  &c. ; also,  a manu- 
factory of  “ Post-office  stamps,”  wood  types, 
proof  presses,  &c.  Population  80. 

Pleasantville,  p.  v.,  Harford  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  e.  side  of  Little  Gunpowder  Falls, 
about  6 m.  w.  of  Bel- Air,  and  20  m.  n.  of 
Baltimore.  The  location  and  climate  have 
given  origin  to  the  name  of  the  village — 
both  are  pleasant,  and  are  said  to  communi- 
cate their  charms  to  the  inhabitants  there- 
of. A pleasant  correspondent  from  this 
pleasant  spot,  among  other  pleasant  things, 
says : 11  the  habitations  (mostly  frame  ones) 
show  the  appearance  of  neatness  and  re- 
spectability. Saw  and  grist  mills  are  doing 
profitable  business,  and  churches  and  schools 
are  well  attended,  but  it  would  be  difficult 
to  give  precise  accounts  of  the  population, 
as  whatever  course  a stranger  travels  he 
will  be  impressed  with  the  idea  of  a con- 
tinued village  fostered  by  the  smiles  of 
intelligence  and  well  rewarded  industry.” 
The  letter  containing  the  above  is  one  of 
the  very  few  the  compiler  has  received, 
from  Maryland  that  does  not  complain  of 
want  of  schools,  bad  farming,  worn  out 
soils,  depressed  manufactures  and  the  like, 
one  half  of  which,  however,  is  nothing  but 
the  echo  of  the  demagogism  which  would 
poison  the  mind  against  its  own  best  inter- 
ests, and  paralyze  the  hand  intent  on  im- 
provements. Were  a tithe  of  these  com- 
plaints printed,  the  whole  of  Maryland  would 
deny  these  statements  in  toto,  and  with  in- 
dignation. 

Pleasant  Hill,  v.,  Charles  co.  Situate 
6 m.  n.  of  Port  Tobacco. 

Pokomoke  River  and  Bay.  The  principal 
branch  of  Pocomoke  r.  rises  in  the  Cypress 


Swamp,  on  the  Delaware  state  line,  and 
proceeds  in  a s.  w.  direction  about  70  m., 
being  joined  successively  by  Naseongo  cr. 
below  Snow  Hill,  and  Dividing  cr.  on  the 
Worcester  and  Somerset  county  line ; and 
falls  into  Pocomoke  Bay,  an  arm  of  the 
Chesapeake,  which  it  reaches  on  the  south- 
ern line  of  the  state.  It  is  a fine  stream, 
and  navigable  for  small  vessels  to  Snow 
Hill. 

Point  Lookout,  St.  Mary’s  co.  Is  the 
southern  extremity  of  the  Western  Shore, 
and  northern  headland  of  the  mouth  of 
Potomac  r.  It  is  the  site  of  a light-house. 

Point-of-Rocks,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  n.  side  of  Potomac  r.,  and  on  the 
line  of  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  canal  and  the 
Balt,  and  Ohio  R.  R.,  distant  70  m.  w.  of 
Baltimore  city,  13  s.  w.  of  Frederick  city, 
and  92  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Point-no-Point,  St.  Mary’s  -co.  A bold 
foreland  projecting  into  Chesapeake  Bay, 
about  8 m.  n.  of  Point  Lookout. 

Pomonkey,  p.  v.,  Charles  co.  Situate  on 
the  s.  side  of  Pomonco,  a creek  of  Potomac 

r. ,  13  m.  n.  w.  of  Port  Tobacco,  and  67 

s.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Poolesville,  p.  v.,  Montgomery  co.  Sit- 
uate in  the  w.  part  of  the  county,  4 m.  n. 
and  e.  of  Potomac  r.,  18  m.  w.  of  Rock- 
ville, and  73  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Pool’s  Island,  Harford  co.  An  island  of 
Chesapeake  Bay.  about  4 m.  s.  of  Rickett's 
Point  of  Gunpowder  Neck. 

Poplar  Island,  Talbot  co.  An  island  of 
Chesapeake  Bay,  and  forming  the  s.  w. 
head  land  of  Eastern  Bay. 

Poplar  Springs,  p.  v.,  Howard  co.  Sit- 
uate on  the  s.  side  of  the  West  Branch  of 
Patapsco  r.,  and  on  the  turnpike,  18  m. 
n.  w.  of  Ellicott’s  Mills,  and  57  n.  w.  of 
Annapolis. 

Poplar  Town,  v.,  Worcester  co.  Situate 
at  the  head  of  Newport  cr.,  4 m.  from 
Sinepuxent  Bay,  and  17  n.  e.  of  Snow 
Hill. 

Port  Deposit,  p.  v.,  Cecil  co.  Situate  on 
the  e.  side  of  Susquehanna  r.,  at  the  louver 
falls,  7 m.  above  its  confluence  with  Chesa- 
peake Bay,  16  m.  w.  of  Elkton,  and  68  n. 
e.  of  Annapolis.  It  is  a place  of  consider- 
able business,  and  has  a population  of'  some 
300  souls. 

Porter’s,  p.  o.,  Carroll  co.  Situate  on 
the  post-road,  9 m.  s.  s.  w.  of  Westminster, 
and  67  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Port  Republic,  p.  v.,  Calvert  co.  Situate 
on  the  post-road,  6 m.  s.  s.  e.  of  Leonard- 
town,  and  49  s.  of  Annapolis. 

Port  Tobacco,  co.  seat  and  p.  o.,  Charles 
co.  Situate  at  the  head  of  the  estuary  of 
Port  Tobacco  r.,  8 m.  n.  of  the  Potomac  r., 


258  BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


MRS.  J.  B.  CORNER, 

SILK,  MBS*  LAWS,  ft  STISAW  BO  WETS, 

Fo  57  Baltimore  Street,  Three  Doors  East  of  High, 

Respectfully  solicits  the  attention  of  the  Tradp  to  h-r  stock  of  Silk  and  Straw  Bonnets,  Trimmed  and  mr 
trimmed,  which  have  been  got  up  expressly  for  her  first-class  Retail  sales,  all  of  which  she  offers  to  Milliners 
and  others  at  very  moderate  prices. 


J3T  Jobs  of  every  description  repaired  in  the 
above  line ; also,  Silk  manufactured  into  Parasols. 
P.  B.  always  keeps  on  hand  a large  assortment  of 

RAW  MATERIAL, 

FOR  WHIP  AND  UMBRELLA  MAKERS. 


WHOLESALE  MANUFACTORY 


OF  ZF’XI'SrjE 


6tnts’,  lotos’  aittr 


SWAPS’ 

U A i§§ 


.A.  UNT  3D 


CSriLITBMS, 

The  largest  assortment  to  be  found  in  any  house 
in  the  United  States. 

LEVI  PERKY, 

177  and  179  Baltimore  Street, 

231  Lexington  Street, 

And  137  Broadway. 


HTJMRICHOUSE  & BANDEL, 

Grocers  and  Commission  Merchants, 

1ST  O . SO  COMMERCE  STREET. 


PHAMCiS  BEBHLEB, 

UMBRELLA,  PARASOL,  WHIP  I SAME 


SB  ZnALLS  li  UtflOiaUij 

No.  1 South  Liberty  Street. 


POT 


PRI 


72  m.  s.  s.  w.  of  Annapolis,  and  32  s.  of 
Washington,  D.  C.  It  is  a depot  for  to- 
bacco, and  hence  its  name.  The  village 
contains  a court-house,  the  county  jail,  an 
Episcopal  church,  several  stores,  and  about 
60  or  70  dwellings.  In  its  vicinity  are  the 
celebrated  cold  waters  of  Mount  Misery. 

Potomac  River,  “common  to  both  Mary- 
land and  Virginia,”  rises  by  two  main 
branches,  the  n.  and  s.  branches,  near  the 
Alleghany  Mountains,  and  forms,  by  the  n. 
branch,  and  through  the  greater  part  of  its 
whole  course,  the  boundary  between  the 
states  of  Virginia  and  Maryland.  It  is  550 
miles  long,  and  at  its  mouth  between  7 and 
8 miles  wide.  At  Alexandria  it  is  a mile 
and  a quarter  wide,  290  miles  from  the 
ocean.  It  is  navigable  for  ships  of  the  line 
300  miles  to  the  navy  yard  at  Washington. 
The  greatest  tributary  is  the  Shenandoah, 
from  Virginia,  200  miles  long,  that  carries 
nearly  as  much  water  as  the  main  stream 
which  it  enters.  The  confluence  of  these 
two  rivers  takes  place  shortly  before  the 
passage  of  the  Potomac  through  the  Blue 
Ridge.  This  passage  forms  a grand  and  pic- 


turesque scenery,  to  view  which  Mr.  Jef* 
ferson  pronounces  worth  a voyage  acros 
the  Atlantic.  The  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
canal  is  constructed  along  the  bank  of  this 
river  as  far  as  Cumberland.  The  Potomac 
is  42  feet  deep  at  its  mouth,  30  at  St. 
George’s  Island,  and  at  Alexandria  18  feet ; 
but  at  many  places  it  is  much  deeper  than 
at  any  of  the  points  specified. 

Prattsville,  v.,  Alleghany  co.  Situate 
on  the  Hancock  turnpike,  where  it  crosses 
Town  cr.,  14  m.  e.  of  Cumberland. 

Prince  Fredericktown,  co.  seat  and  p.  o., 
Calvert  co.  Situate  near  the  centre  of  the 
county,  on  the  n.  side  of  Parker’s  cr..  4 m. 
w.  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  46  m.  s.  by  w.  of 
Annapolis,  and  76  s.  of  Washington.  It 
contains  a court-house,  the  county  prison, 
an  Episcopal  church,  2 hotels,  2 stores,  1 
smith’s  shop,  8 dwellings,  and  about  100 
inhabitants.  The  buildings  are  principally 
of  wood.  There  is  an  academy  within  half 
a mile  of  the  village.  The  lands  of  the 
surrounding  country  have  been  much  ex- 
hausted, but  with  a little  industry  might 
easily  be  redeemed. 


PRINCE  GEORGE  COUNTY  is  situate  immediately  north  of  Charles  county,  from 
which  it  is  separated  chiefly  by  Mattaworaan  creek  of  the  Potomac  and  Swanson  creek 
of  the  Patuxent.  The  Patuxent  river  forms  its  eastern  and  northern  border  in  its  whole 
length,  separating  it  from  Calvert,  Anne  Arundel  and  Howard  counties,  and  the  Poto- 
mac river  and  the  District  of  Columbia  its  western  border ; the  former  separating  it  from 
Virginia,  while  the  line  of  Montgomery  county  constitutes  its  northwestern  border. 
Within  these  limits  the  area  is  314,880  acres.  The  surface  is  agreeably  diversified,  and 
the  soil  rich  and  exceedingly  productive,  being  constituted  of  the  best  loam  and  sand,  in- 
termixed with  clay.  The  underlying  strata  are  shell-marl,  and  cemented  sand,  resem- 
bling sandstone ; and  iron  ore  is  abundant  in  some  sections.  In  the  loamy  districts 
clover  and  plaster  are  the  most  commonly  used  fertilizers ; in  other  sections  guano,  lime, 
ashes,  bone-dust,  &c.,  are  used  with  success.  The  chief  agricultural  products  are  tobacco, 
wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  rye.  White,  red,  black  and  water  oak,  white  and  yellow  poplar, 
hickory,  ash,  pine,  cedar,  gum,  walnut,  locust  and  chestnut,  are  the  timber  growths  most 
common  to  the  forests.  The  surface  of  this  county  is  amply  drained  by  the  tributaries 
of  the' eastern  branch  of  the  Potomac  river,  by  the  western  branch  of  Patuxent  river, 
and  by  Broad,  Piscataway,  and  numerous  other  creeks.  The  county  abounds  with 
springs  and  brooks  of  pure  water,  and  in  many  localities  the  waters  are  highly  chalybe- 
ate. The  climate  is  temperate,  and  the  locality  healthy,  a large  ratio  of  the  population 
attaining  to  a good  old  age. 

That  portion  of  the  county  bordering  the  Potomac  was  settled  at  an  early  period  in 
the  history  of  the  state  by  emigrants  under  grants  from  its  governors ; but  it  was  not 
until  the  year  1695  that  the  county  was  organized.  In  1790  it  contained  21,344  inhabi- 
tants ; but  on  taking  the  census  of  1820  its  population  was  found  to  be  decreased  to 
20,216,  and  in  1840  it  had  undergone  a further  decrease,  having  at  that  time  only  19,539 
inhabitants.  In  1850  the  population  was  21,549,  being  a gain  of  only  205  in  60  years. 
Of  this  population,  8,901  were  white  persons,  1,138  free  colored  persons,  and  11,510  slaves ; 
and  of  the  population,  slaves  excluded,  9,354  were  natives  of  Maryland,  417  of  other  states-; 
of  the  Union,  and  268  of  foreign  countries.  Dwellings,  1,875,  and  families,  1,875. 
Births,  575;  marriages,  26;  and  deaths,  450.  Deaf  and  dumb,  1 ; blind,  11;  insane,  5; 
and  idiotic,  20.  Number  of  fugitive  slaves  in  1849-50,  sixteen. 

The  county  contained  in  1850,  885  farms,  covering  191,553  acres  improved,  and 
92,178  acres  unimproved  lands — together  valued  at  $5,565,751 ; and  the  value  of  farming 
implements  and  machinery  was  $125,656.  The  live  stock  consisted  of  4,245  horses,  567 
asses  and  mules,  3,893  milch  cows,  3,072  working  oxen,  4,136  other  cattle,  11,650  sheep, 


260 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


^A-UNTID 


WARD  & FRANCE, 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL 

HOUSE 'FURNISHING  STORE, 

No.  216  Pratt  Street, 

BET.  CHARLES  & HANOVER, 

dilute  higtj  be  W ebebtj  bqheilj  of 

Housekeeping  Articles, 

SUCH  ^ s 

PLAIN  A m JAPAN* ED  TINWARE, 
Block  Tin  fy  Britannia  Ware , 


C TT  TLEE  "'ST  , 

WOODEN  AND  WILLOW  WARE, 

with  a great  variety  of 

Aia^a 

N.  B — Roofing.  Spouting  and  Jobbing  in  every  va- 
riety. 

Country  Merchants  and  ott  ers  are  respectfully  so- 
licited to  call.  Full  satisf  ction  guaranteed  in  all 
respects. 


GRUPY  & STANSBURY, 

CORNER  WATER  AND  SOUTH  STREETS, 

DEALERS  TINT 


COD  LIVER, 
AND 

Ne  fs  £ oi  C£MI; 

TANNER’S 

TOOLS,  &c. 


PRI 


PRI 


and  20,193  swine,  valued  in  the  aggregate  at  $492,650;  and  the  products  of  animals 
were — 43,409  pounds  of  wool,  100,947  pounds  of  butter,  153  poiinds  of  cheese,  and  ani- 
mals slaughtered,  valued  at  $103,351.  The  products  of  the  soil  were — wheat,  231,687 
bushels;  rye,  18,401 ; Indian  corn,  693,020 ; oats,  67,286;  barley,  43;  buckwheat,  1,646 ; 
peas  and  beans,  1,004 ; Irish  potatoes,  47,458,  and  sweet  potatoes,  4,045  bushels ; also 
hay,  5,557  tons;  clover-seed,  50  bushels,  and  other  grass-seed,  20  Hishels ; and  hops,  25 
pounds.  The  products  of  the  orchard  were  valued  at  $8,202,  and  of  market-gardens  at 
$13,281 ; and  the  production  of  beeswax  and  honey  amounted  to  250  pounds,  and 
of  wine  to  10  gallons.  Two-fifths  of  all  the  tobacco  grown  in  the  state  is  produced  in  this 
county ; the  crop  of  1849-50  amounted  to  8,380,851  pounds.  Home-made  manufactures 
were  valued  at  $1,820. 

The  county  has  long  been  the  seat  of  cotton  manufactures,  and  has  also  several  other 
branches  of  handicraft..  In  1850  it  contained  28  industrial  establishments,  in  which  a 
capital  of  $428,379  was  invested;  value  of  raw  material,  &c.,  consumed  in  1849-50, 
$285,244 ; average  number  of  hands  employed,  360  males  and  348  females ; average 
monthly  cost  of  labor — male,  $5,595,  and  female,  $1,776;  and  value  of  products, 
$414,859. 


Establishments. 

Number. 

Capital. 

Val.  of  Materials. 

Hands. 

Products 

Factories,  cotton  . . . . . 

$213,262 

, ..555* 

....8275  000 

“ woolen 

1 

1,700 

6,000 

Furnaces,  iron 

1 

..  15,000... 

14,412 

..  25 

...  27,000 

Machine-shops 

1 

..  65,000... 

5,300 

. ...  26,000 

Mills,  flour 

2 

..  33,000... 

...  40,294 

“ gdst 

o 

4,000... 

7,000 

8,800 

“ saw 

1 

2,200... 

..  10 

7,000 

Also  2 agricultural  implement  factories,  1 bakery,  7 blacksmith  shops,  2 boot  and  shoe 
factories,  3 carpenter  shops,  2 clothier  shops,  1 saddlery.  The  cotton  and  woolen  facto- 
ries, and  the  flour  and  grist  mills  are  driven  by  water-power ; the  furnaces,  machine 
$hops  and  saw  mills,  use  steam-power. 

Average  wages — to  a farm-hand,  $9  a month  with  board ; to  a laborer,  87  cents  a day, 
or  with  board  62  cents ; to  a carpenter,  $1  25,  and  to  a female  domestic,  $1  37  with 
board.  Average  price  of  board  to  laboring  men  $2  00  a week. 

The  assessed  value  of  real  and  personal  estate  in  the  county  in  1850  was  $11,711,254, 
(true  valuation,  $11,921,478;)  and  the  taxes  amounted  to  $18,283,  of  which  $6,033  was 
state  tax,  $6,780  county  tax,  $2,800  school  tax,  $1,250  poor  tax,  and  $1,400  road  tax.  The 
whole  number  of  paupers  supported  during  the  year  was  99 — of  .which  14  were  receiv- 
ing relief  on  the  1st  June,  1850:  cost,  $1,570;  and  one  criminal  was  convicted  during 
the  year. 

With  a scattered  white  population  of  little  less  than  9,000,  there  were  in  1850  only  8 pri- 
mary and  public  schools  in  the  county,  with  8 teachers  and  240  scholars  ; and  3 academies 
and  other  schools,  with  4 teachers  and  80  pupils.  The  number  of  children  that  had  at  some 
time  during  the  year  attended  school,  however,  was  1,343 — 706  male,  and  637  female. 
The  number  of  white  “ adults  who  canno.t  read  and  write”  was  404,  and  of  free  colored 
adults,  74.  But  one  newspaper,  circulating  about  500  copies  weekly,  is  published.  The 
number  of  libraries  owned  in  the  county  was  31,  containing  13,605  volumes;  and  of 
these,  28  libraries,  with  13,390  volumes,  were  private  property,  the  others  remaining  be- 
longing to  3 Sunday  schools. 

Church  accommodation  was,  in  1850,  provided  for  8,750  persons,  in  31  church  edifices, 
and  the  total  value  of  church  property  was  $37,450.  The  Episcopalians  have  12 
churches,'  with  accommodations  for  4,200 ; the  Methodists  14  churches,  with  accommo- 
dations for  3,050 ; the  Presbyterians  1 church,  for  400 ; and  the  Roman  Catholics  4 
churches,  for  1,100. 

The  great  thoroughfare  of  Prince  G-eorge  county  is  the  Washington  Branch  R.  R., 
which  traverses  the  northwestern  part,  and  besides  this  there  are  several  good  post-roads. 
Its  extensive  river  borders  afford  outlets  for  its  products  seaward. 

Upper  Marlboro’  is  the  county  seat  of  justice,  and  the  following  are  villages  and  post- 
offices — Aquasco,  Beltsville,  Bladensburgh,  Brandywine,  Buena  Vista,  Fort  Washington, 
Good  Luck,  Horse  Head,  Laurel  Factory,  Long  Oldfields,  Nottingham,  Piscataway,  Queen 
Anne. 


340  females. 


262  BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


G-EORG-E  H.  SIMMONS, 

SUCCESSOR  TO  JAMES  LOGUE, 

DEALER  IN 

Imported  and  Domestic  Dry  Goods, 

IS  Cerise  UVket  Space, 

SIGN  OF  THE  EAGLE, 

OPPOSITE  MARYLAND  INSTITUTE. 


Goods  particularly  adapted  to 
the  wants  of  Farmers  will  be  al- 
ways found  in  the  greatest  variety . 


OI-IAS.  IF".  2PXTT,, 

r^o.  12  Commerce  street, 

DEALER  IN  AND  IMPORTER  OF 

SODA  ASH.  SAL  SODA 


A.  1ST  ID 


IS  & 


€a  Jk  Wi 


AGENT  FOR  STRATTON’S 


PEAHL 

IN  BARRELS  AND  BOXES. 

Also,  constant  supply  on  hand  of  INDIGO,  in  Cases  and  Boxes  ; SOAPS,  No.  1 
and  Common;  PEABL  BARLEY,  in  Kegs;  SALERATUS,  Barrels, 

Kegs  and  Boxes  ; POTATO  STARCH,  in  Casks ; YEAST 
POWDERS,  CRUDE  SPICES. 


JOHN  W.  MAXWELL, 


No.  140  North  Calvert  Street, 

OPPOSITE  THE  BALT.  & SUS.  R.  R.  STATION. 

EBMSSS  BSMffiSSS,  SMWIHMSip 

TOMBS  AND  GRAVE  STONES, 

Of  every  description,  constantly  on  hand  and  for  Sale  at  the  lowest 
Market  Prices  Cabinet  Makers  and  Plumbers  supplied  with 

ffstsagaas  itsas, 

OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


PRI 


QUE 


Princess  Anne,  co.  seat  and  p.  o.,  Som- 
erset co.  Situate  on  the  e.  side  of  Mano- 
kin  r.,  near  its  head,  16  m.  e.  of  Chesa- 
peake Bay,  110  m.  s.  s.  e.  of  Annapolis, 
and  150  s.  e.  of  Washington,  D.  C.  It 
contains  the  county  court-house,  county 
prison,  three  churches,  several  stores,  and 
120  dwellings,  and  has  a considerable  trade. 
On  the  whole  this  village  is  one  of  the 
neatest  and  cleanest  in  the  state. 

Principio  Creek,  Cecil  co.  A stream  from 
the  n.  falling  into  the  estuary  of  Susque- 
hanna r. 

Principio  Furnace,  p.  v.,  Cecil  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  e.  side  of  Principio  cr.,  13  m.  w. 
of  Elkton,  and  G7  N.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

P v lesvilTjE,  p.  v.,  Harford  co.  Situate  at 
the  head  of  Broad  cr.,  7 m.  from  Susque- 
hanna river,  in  the  midst  of  a flourishing 
neighborhood,  where,  besides  agricultural 
pursuits,  many  of  the  mechanic  arts  are 
successfully  engaged  in.  The  village  is  2£ 


m.  from  the  Pennsylvania  State  line,  16  n. 
of  Bel- Air,  30  n.  n.  w.  of  Baltimore,  and  58 

n.  of  Annapolis.  It  is  composed  of  one 
flouring  mill,  one  saw-mill,  two  stores,  three 
workshops,  and  six  dwellings,  chiefly  of 
stone  covered  with  slate.  There  are  several 
churches  and  schools  within  a short  dis- 
tance. The  celebrated  Asbestos  quarries 
are  about  half  a mile  distant,  and  4 miles 
from  the  village  are  the  extensive  slate 
quarries  of  Peach  Bottom. 

Quantico,  p.  v.,  Somerset  co.  Situate  on 
the  n.  side  of  Quantico  cr.  of  Han ti coke  r., 
15  m.  n.  of  Princess  Anne,  and  93  s.  e.  of 
Annapolis. 

Quarter  Run,  Washington  co.  A tribu- 
tary of  Antietam  cr.  from  Pennsylvania. 

Queen  Anne,  p.  v.,  Prince  George  co. 
Situate  on  the  w.  side  of  Patuxent  r.,  10  m. 
n.  e.  of  Upper  Marlboro’,  and  14  m.  s.  w. 
of  Annapolis. 


QUEEH  ANNE  COUNTY,  situate  on  the  Eastern  Shore,  is  bounded  n.  w.  and  n.  by- 
Chester  river,  which  separates  it  from  Kent  county;  e.  and  s.  e.  by  Delaware  State  line 
and  Tuckalioe  cr.,  which  latter  divides  it  from  Caroline  county  ; s.  by  Wye  river  and 
Eastern  Bay,  forming  also  the  n.  boundary  of  Talbot  county,  and  w.  by  Chesapeake  Bay. 
Its  superficies  contains  an  area  of  257,920  acres.  Kent,  a large  island  of  the  Chesapeake, 
constitutes  a portion  of  this  county,  and  is  notable  as  having  been  the  site  of  the  first  set- 
tlements within  the  state. 

The  surface  is  low  and  level,  but  the  middle  portions  of  the  county  are  more  elevated,  and 
from  these  the  slope  is  gradual  to  the  border  rivers.  Numerous  creeks  flow  from  this 
water-shed,  the  largest  of  which  is  Corsica  creek  of  Chester  river.  The  water  of  the 
mainland  is  universally  good,  but  on  Kent  Island  brackish,  from  its  proximity  to  the  tide. 
The  soil  is  somewhat  varied,  but  mostly  of  the  kind  known  as  white-oak  soil,  with  a red 
clay  subsoil,  and  is  well  adapted  to  the  cultivation  of  all  grains  and  grasses.  The  lower 
portions  of  the  county  are  peculiarly  genial  to  the  growth  of  wheat.  Marl  of  a superior 
quality  is  abundant,  and  extensively  used  as  a manure.  The  principal  forest  growths  are 
oaks  and  hickory.  No  rocks  are  found  in  this  region ; and,  with  the  exception  of  bog- 
iron  ore,  and  some  earthy  pigments,  none  of  the  useful  minerals  exist. 

Queen  Anne  was  erected  into  a county  by  legislative  authority  in  1706.  Its  first  set- 
tlements were  those  made  by  Claiborne  and  his  companions  on  Kent  Island ; but  it  was 
not  until  sometime  after  the  arrival  of  the  “ Pilgrims  of  St.  Mary’s,”  that  the  colonization 
of  the  mainland  was  commenced.  In  1790,  the  county  contained  15,463  inhabitants;  but 
in  1820  it  numbered  only  14,952 ; and  in  1840,  only  12,633.  In  1850,  its  population  had 
again  increased  to  14,484,  of  which  6,936  were  white  persons,  3,278  free  colored  persons, 
and  4,270  slaves;  and  of  the  population,  slaves  excluded,  9,893  were  natives  of  Maryland, 
276  of  other  states  of  the  Union,  and  45  of  foreign  countries.  Dwellings,  1,864;  and 
families,  1,864.  Births  in  1849-50,  434 ; marriages,  67 ; and  deaths,  324.  Deaf  and 
dumb,  12;  blind,  4;  insane,  15;  and  idiotic,  7.  Fugitive  slaves,  16. 

The  number  of  farms  in  the  county  on  the  1st  June,  1850,  was  936,  covering  156,926 
a-.res  improved,  and  48,603  acres  unimproved  lands,  valued  in  all  at  $2,815,713;  and  the 
value  of  farming  implements  and  machinery  was  $81,545.  The  live-stock  consisted  of 
3,455  horses,  593  mules  and  asses,  3,333  milch  cows,  1,478  working  oxen,  4,376  other 
cattle,  8,168  sheep,  and  11,619  swine,  valued  at  $339,092  ; and  animal  products  in  1849-50 
were — wool,  28,730  pounds ; butter,  97,183  pounds;  and  the  value  of  animals  slaugh- 
tered was  $75,909.  The  crops  of  the  year  had  been — wheat,  173,003  bushels;  rye, 
9,614;  Indian  corn,  697,159;  oats,  59,885;  barley,  77  ; buckwheat,  646;  peas  and  beans, 
540;  Irish  potatoes.  20,959;  and  sweet  potatoes,  3,782  bushels:  also  hay,  652  tons; 
clover-seed,  3 bushels,  and  other  grass-seed,  18  bushels;  hops,  134  pounds;  flax.  610 
pounds;  and  flax-seed,.  61  bushels;  the  products  of  the  orchard  were  valued  at  $3,428, 


264 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


MM  HGSSU 


CO  ALE  & C TJ  G-LE, 


& 


icMKass  co  i — na  ci  d 

GENTS  FXJmsriS3&3:XI>TC3-  GOODS, 

p SIEWSSIESp  ®®sa®s,  smOSFS, 

AND  EMBROIDERIES,  Sec. 

No.  287  BALTIMORE  STREET. 


WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL  DEALER  IN 

FOREIGN  J^JSTJD  DOMESTIC 

^ Carpetinfifi,  ®il  Clutljs,  JBattiHg,  &r. 

Corner  of  Centre  Market  Space  and  Pratt  Street. 


A.  J.  LYONS, 


L 


Bfl 


S.  E.  Cor.  Park  & Lexington  Sts. 

Gives  his  personal  attention  to  all 
kinds  of  Plumbing  Work  in  town  and 
Country. 


Keeps  on  hand  Bath  Tubs,  Foi'ce  and 
Lift  Pumps,  Water  Wheels,  Water  Rams, 
Water  Closets,  Lead  Pipes,  Sheet  Lead, 
Sheet  Zinc,  Hydrants,  &c. 


QUE 


RID 


and  of  market-gardens,  at  $197.  AVine,  57  gallons;  silk  cocoons,  11  pounds;  and  bees- 
wax and  honey,  4,765  pounds,  were  also  produced.  The  value  of  home-made  manufac- 
tures was  $1,820. 

The  industrial  pursuits  of  the  county  are  limited  to  the  local  necessities,  and  in  1S50 
were  confined  to  29  establishments,  having  only  $42,060  invested  capital.  The  value  of 
raw  material  consumed  was  $68,870  ; average  number  of  hands  employed,  128;  average 
monthly  cost  of  labor,  $2,167;  value  of  annual  products,  $122,226.  Nearly  two-thirds 
of  the  capital  invested  belonged  to  bark,  grist,  and  saw  mills. 


Establishments. 

Number. 

Capital. 

Val.  of  material. 

Hands. 

Products. 

Blacksmiths. 

2 

...$  250.. 

& 249 

4 

$ 1,400 

B cot  and  shoemakers.. 

4 

3,200... 

5,691. 

Cabinet  makers 

1 

400. .. 

830 

2,000 

Clothiers 



10 

1,600 

Coach- makers 

2 

1,900 

15 

11,050 

Mills,  bark 

1,000 

5 

3,000 

“ grist 

13 

64,992 

kl  saw...,....--.. 

3 

5,500 . . . 

2,700 

30 

15,200 

Saddlers,  &c 

1 

'.800... 

1 

800 

Wheelwrights 

5 

4,000... 

2,100 

21 

7,974 

Average  wages — a farm-hand,  with  board,  $8  a month ; a laborer,  37  cents,  or,  with 
board,  25  cents  a day ; a carpenter,  $1  50  a day ; a female  domestic  with  board,  $2  a 
week.  Price  of  board  for  laboring  men,  $1  50  a week. 

The  total  value  of  real  and  personal  estate  in  1850  was  $3,967,277,  and  the  taxes  as- 
sessed thereon,  $35,513 — namely.,  $9,953  state  tax;  $21,056  county  tax;  and  $4,504 
school  tax.  The  county  supported,  in  1849-50,  124  paupers,  at  a cost  of  $2,500 ; and  the 
whole  number  of  criminals  convicted  during  the  year  was  two. 

There  were  in  the  county  on  the  1st  June,  1850,  30  primary  and  public  schools,  with  31 
teachers  and  729  scholars,  and  the  cost  of  supporting  these,  in  1849-50,  amounted  to 
$8,423,  of  which  sum  $4,504  was  derived  from  taxation,  $3,669  from  the  public  funds, 
and  $250  from  other  sources.  No  college  or  academies  are  reported  in  the  census.  The 
whole  number  of  children  having  attended  school  within  the  year,  was  1,045,  of  which 
589  were  males,  and  456  females.  “ Adults  who  cannot  read  and  write,”  731  white  per- 
sons, and  1,541  free  colored  persons.  Seven  private  libraries  with  600  volumes,  and  one 
church  library  with  350  volumes,  constitute  the  whole  reserved  learning  of  the  county. 
Two  newspapers  are  published  at  Centreville. 

The  county  had  at  the  above  date  23  churches,  and  church  accommodation  for  4,900 
persons.  Value  of  church  property,  $15,800.  Of  these,  5 Episcopal  churches  had  accom- 
modation for  1,400  persons;  16  Methodist  churches  for  3,050  persons;  1 Presbyterian 
church  for  200  persons ; and  1 Roman  Catholic  church  for  250  persons. 

Centreville  is  the  county  seat  of  justice  ; and  the  following  are  the  principal  villages 
and  post-offices : — Broad  Creek,  Church  Hill,  Long  Marsh,  Queenstown,  Suddlersville,  and 
Templeville. 


Queenstown,  p.  v.,  Queen  Anne  co.  Sit- 
uate on  the  s.  e.  side  of  Chester  r.,  12  m. 
from  its  confluence  with  Chesapeake  Bay 
at  Love’s  Point,  8 m.  s.  w.  of  Centreville, 
and  26  e.  of  Annapolis.  It  is  a place  of 
considerable  trade. 

Randallstown,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Sit- 
uate 3 m.  n.  of  Patapsco  r.,  10  m.  w.  n.  w. 
of  Baltimore,  and  40  m.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Rehoboth,  v.,  Somerset  co.  Situate  on 
the  s.  side  of  Pocomoke  r.,  4 m.  from  its 
mouth,  and  12  m.  s.  of  Princess  Anne. 

Reisterstown,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situ- 
ate 2 m.  e.  of  the  n.  branch  of  Patapsco  r., 
on  the  Westminster  turnpike,  16  m.  n.  w. 
%of  Baltimore  city,  and  46  n.  w.  of  Anna- 
polis. 


Relay  House,  Baltimore  co.  A station 
on  Balt,  and  Susquehanna  R.  R.,  at  a point 
where  Westminster  Branch  R.  R.  diverges 
therefrom,  7 m.  n.  of  Baltimore  city. 

Relay  House,  Baltimore  co.  A station 
on  Balt,  and  Ohio  R.  R.,  at  a point  where 
Washington  Branch  R.  R.  diverges  there- 
from, 9 m.  s.  w.  of  Baltimore  city. 

Ridge,  p.  o.,  St.  Mary’s  co.  Situate  on 
the  peninsula,  terminating  in  Point  Look- 
out, 23  m.  e.  s.  e.  of  Leonardtown,  and  98 
s.  of  Annapolis. 

Ridge  Hall,  p.  o.,  Baltimore  co. 

Ridgeville,  p.  v.,  Carroll  co.  Situate  on 
Parr’s  Ridge,  at  the  head-waters  of  w. 
branch  of  Patapsco  r.,  flowing  e.,  and  of 
Bush  cr.  of  Monocacy  r.,  flowing  w.  The 
Balt,  and  Frederick  turnpike  passes  through 


266  BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


THOfV!  AS  S Y Ml  NGTON, 

IMPORTER  ^ISTIO  IDEA.XjER,  I1ST 

Foreign  «&?  Domestic 

^ ^ e^c^' 


,£S$>£ S 

Cathedral  Street,  near  Biddle. 


WM.  H.  CRAWFORD, 


No.  SO 


SALT  PETRE, 

wml  mmw, 

IEAST  POWDERS, 

m cm„  sosa, 

Saleratus, 


outla  Street; 


GROUND 


Ml 

CASSIA, 


CLOVES, 

12  A 0 £1  g 

O-Ilsro-EIR, 


BROWN  SOAP, 

Chemical  Soaps. 


Pepper,  &c. 


A.  WORLEY  & MUHXEY, 

PLUMBERS,  ROOFERS, 

AND  DEALERS IN 

HOT-AIR  FURNACES, 

02  9 
Cooking  and  other  Stoves, 

TIN  AND  SHEET  IRON  WORK  • 

MADE  TO  ORDER. 

No.  30  Light  Street. 


RID 


ST.  M 


the  village ; and  the  Balt,  and  Ohio  R.  R. 
a little  n.  of  it;  distant  44  m.  w.  of  Balti- 
more, 17  s.  w.  of  Westminster,  and  66  n.  n.  w. 
of  Annapolis. 

Ridge ville,  v.,  Washington  co.  Situate 
at  the  w.  slope  of  South  Mountain,  11  m. 
N.  e.  of  Hagerstown,  and  114  n.  w.  of  Anna- 
polis. 

Ringgold,  p.  v.,  Washington  co.  Situate 
near  the  state  line,  about  3 m.  distant  from 
Leitersburgh. 

Rising-Sun,  p.  v.,  Cecil  co.  Situate  3 m. 
E.  of  Octarara  cr.,  of  the  Susquehanna  r., 
17  m.  n.  w.  of  Elkton,  and  82  n.  e.  of  An- 
napolis. 

Rock  Creek,  Anne  Arundel  co.  A small 
cr.  falling  into  Patapsco  r.,  at  Rock  Point. 

Rock  Creek,  p.  o.,  Somerset  co. 

Rock  Hall,  p.  o.,  Kent  co.  Situate  on 
the  w.  side  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  a short  dis- 
tance s.  of  Swan  Point,  14  m.  w.  s.  w.  of 
Chestertown,  and  68  n.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Rockland,  p.  v.,  Cecil  co. 

Rock  Run,  Harford  co.  A creek  of  the 
Susquehanna. 

Rock  Run,  p.  o.,  Harford  co.  Situate  at 
the  mouth  of  Rock  Run,  and  opposite  Port 
Deposit,  14  m.  e.  n.  e.  of  Bel- Air,  and  67  m. 
n.  of  Annapolis. 

Rock  Springs,  p.  o.,  Cecil  co.  Situate 
on  the  n.  w.  corner  of  the  county,  27  m. 
w.  n.  w.  of  Elkton,  and  67  n.  of  Annapolis. 

Rockville,  co.  seat  and  p.  o.,  Mont- 
gomery co.  Situate  on  the  w.  side  of  Rock 
cr.,  a stream  of  the  Potomac  r.,  falling  there- 
into at  Washington,  D.  C.,  16  m.  s.  of  Rock- 
ville. Distant  from  Annapolis  56  m.  w.  It 
contains  the  usual  county  buildings,  and 
about  60  dwellings. 

Rohrersville,  p.  v.,  Washington  co. 
Situate  at  the  base  of  Elk  Mountain,  in 
Pleasant  Valley,  16  m.  s.  of  Hagerstown, 
and  86  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Roman-Nose  Mountain,  Alleghany  co. 
A short  ridge  of  the  Alleghanies,  skirting 
the  valley  of  Youghiogeny  r.,  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  county.  Elevation  above  tide- 
water 3,109  feet. 

Romney  Marsh,  Anne  Arundel  co.  A 
marshy  peninsula  on  the  s.  side  of  Patapsco 
r.,  opposite  to  Baltimore. 

Rossburg,  v.,  Prince  George  co.  Situate 
on  a creek  of  n.  e.  branch  of  Potomac  r.,  18 
m.  n.  w.  of  Upper  Marlboro’. 

Rossville,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate 
about  8 m.  e.  of  Baltimore,  and  38  n.  n.  e. 
of  Annapolis,  and  on  the  line  of  the  Phila- 
delphia, Wilmington  and  Baltimore  R.  R. 

Rowlandsville,  p.  v,  Cecil  co.  Situate 
on  the  w.  side  of  Octarara  cr.,  about  2 m. 
from  its  confluence  with  Susquehanna  r.,  21 
m.  n.  w.  of  Elkton,  and  73  n.  e.  of  Annapolis. 


Royal  Oak,  p.  v.,  Talbot  co.  Situate  on 
the  neck  of  the  peninsula  formed  by  St. 
Michael’s  r.  and  Tread-Haven  cr.,  7 m.  w. 
of  Easton,  and  53  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Ruthsboro’,  v.,  Queen  Anne  co.  Situate 
on  the  w.  side  of  Tuckahoe  cr.,  8 m.  s.  e.  of 
Centreville. 

Sabillis ville,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situ- 
ate w.  of  Monocacy  r.,  24  m.  n.  of  Frederick, 
and  95  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

St.  Augustine,  v.,  Cecil  co.  Situate  about 
the  middle  of  the  neck  of  land  lying  be- 
tween Bohemia  r.  and  Back  cr.,  10  m.  s.  of 
Elkton. 

St.  Clement’s  Bay,  St.  Mary’s  co.  An 
inlet  of  Potomao  r. 

St.  Clement’s  Island.  Situate  at  the 
mouth  of  Wicomico  r.,  and  notable  as  the 
first  place  touched  upon  by  the  first  emigra- 
tion in  1634. 

St.  Clements,  p.  v.,  St.  Mary’s  co.  Situ- 
ate at  the  head  of  St.  Clement’s  Bay,  6 m 
w.  of  Leonardtown,  and  81  s.  of  Annapolis. 

St.  George’s  Island,  St.  Mary’s  co.  An 
island  of  the  Potomac  r.,  off  the  coast  of  this 
county  at  Piney  Point. 

St.  George’s  River,  St.  Mary’s  co.  A 
stream  flowing  s.  to  the  Potomac,  which  it 
enters  at  St.  George’s  Island. 

St.  Inigoes,  p.  v.,  St.  Mary’s  co.  Situate 
off  St.  Inigoes’  cr.,  an  arm  of  St.  Mary’s  r., 
which  it  enters  about  4 m.  above  the  con- 
fluence of  the  latter  with  Potomac  r.,  18  m. 
s.  w.  of  Leonardtown,  and  105  s.  of  Annapolis. 

St.  J oseph’s,  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situate  on 
the  e.  side  of  Tom’s  cr.,  near  Emmettsburg, 
21  m.  n.  of  Frederick  city.  The  mother- 
house  of  the  “Sisters  of  St.  Joseph”  is  lo- 
cated at  this  place.  The  community  here 
numbered  in  1850,  118  members — 68  sis- 
ters, 40  novices,  and  10  postulants ; and  the 
number  of  establishments  in  the  United 
States  under  their  charge  was  forty.  In 
distant  missions  237  of  the  sisters  were  em- 
ployed. 

St.  Leonard’s,  p.  v.,  Calvert  co.  Situate 
on  the  e.  side  of  St.  Leonard’s  cr.  and  be- 
tween that  and  Chesapeake  Bay,  8 m.  s.  s.  w. 
of  Prince  Frederick  Town,  and  56  m.  s. 
of  Annapolis.  It  contains  about  30  dwell- 
ings. 

St.  Martin’s,  p.  v.,  Worcester  co.  Situ- 
ate at  the  tide-head  of  St.  Martin’s  river,  8 
m.  w-  of  Sinepuxent  Bay,  24  m.  n.  n.  e.  of 
Snow  Hill,  and  131  m.  s.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

St.  Martin’s  River,  Worcester  co.  A 
large  inlet,  with  a number  of  small  conflu- 
ents rising  from  the  e.  edges  of  Cypress 
Swamp.  The  Isle  of  Wight  divides  its  en- 
trance into  Sinepuxent  Bay  into  two 
channels. 


268 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


O.  XX  HINKS  ^ OO, 


41  S.  Howar  B ireet , near  Lombard. 

E.  & W.  BENNETT 

Would  particularly  invite  the  at- 
tention of  Merchants  to  the  exten- 
sive assortment  of 


lilillUlliV  BiUxJJ 

Constantly  on  sale  at  their  Factory. 
Our  Establishment  is  the  oldest  and 
most  extensive  South,  and  enables 
us  to  offer 

Great  Inducements  totlie  Trade* 

For  the  best  quality  and  vaiiety  of 
the  above  wares,  we  have  received 

THE  IEH  T G-  IHE  EST  PREMIUM 

At  the  Maryland  Institute  for  the  last  six  years. 


W.  MESEBLL,  Agent. 


126  Baltimore  Street, 


DEALERS  IN 

7*1 


J^JSTJD  T^inS^ravniZNTG-S, 
Silk,  Twist,  Thread,  &c.  for  Sewing  Machines. 


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ST.  M 


ST.  M 


ST.  MARY’S  COUNTY  occupies  the  south-eastern  portion  of  the  Western  Shore,  from 
Wicomico  river  of  the  Potomac,  and  from  Indian  creek  of  the  Patuxent,  to  Cape  Look- 
out, being  almost  insulated  by  the  finest  waters  of  the  state.  Its  southern  coast  has  seve- 
ral deep  indentations,  or  inlets,  (rivers  as  they  are  locally  called,)  communicating  with 
Potomac  river ; and  the  coast  facing  on  Chesapeake  Bay  and  Patuxent  river,  though  less 
broken,  has  materially  the  same  characteristics.  The  interior  is  well  drained  by  creeks 
flowing  into  these,  some  of  which  also  furnish  mill  power.  The  whole  area  of  the  county 
is  201,600  acres.  The  surface  is  usually  low  and  level,  but  in  the  north-west  somewhat 
undulating.  The  soil  is  mostly  a soft  mould,  composed  of  sand,  loam,  and  vegetable  de- 
cay, and  is  kind  and  productive,  though  it  has  been  much  exhausted.  Marl  is" abundant, 
and  furnishes  an  excellent  renovator,  of  which  the  farmers  are  now  making  considerable 
use.  No  rocks  or  mines  worthy  of  mention  are  found  in  the  county. 

The  “ Pilgrims  of  St.  Mary’s,”  the  original  founders  of  the  colony,  landed  at  the  site  of 
the  future  city  of  St.  Mary’s  on  the  27th  March,  1634,  and  for  many  years  that  celebrated 
city  was  the  colonial  capital.  In  1790,  the  county  contained  15,544  inhabitants ; but  in 
the  interval  to  1820,  it  had  decreased  to  12,974 ; in  the  year  1840,  it  was  found  to  have 
13,224  inhabitants ; and  in  1850,  13,698,  of  which  6,223  were  white  persons,  1,633  free 
colored  persons,  and  5,842  slaves;  and  of  the  population,  exclusive  of  slaves,  7,701  were 
natives  of  Maryland,  109  of  other  states  of  the  Union,  and  46  of  foreign  countries. 
Dwellings,  1,512  ; and  families,  1,646.  Births  in  1849-50,  379  ; marriages,  54 ; and  deaths, 
275.  Deaf  and  dumb,  13  ; blind,  11 ; insane,  17 ; and  idiotic,  21. 

In  1850,  the  county  contained  913  farms,  covering  100,206  acres  improved,  and 
107,652  acres  unimproved  lands,  valued  at  $2,282,336 ; and  the  value  of  farming  imple- 
ments and  machinery  was  $70,125.  The  live  stock  consisted  of  2,715  horses,  186  mules 
and  asses,  2,657  milch  cows,  2,652  working  oxen,  4,664  other  cattle,  7,399  sheep,  and 
14,690  swine,  valued  in  the  aggregate  at  $281,263.  The  products  of  animals  in  1849-50 
consisted  of — wool,  19,774  pounds ; and  butter,  71,950  pounds  ; and  the  value  of  animals 
slaughtered  was  $86,107.  The  crops  of  1849-50  consisted  of — wheat,  156,369  bushels; 
rye,  486 ; Indian  corn,  378,461 ; oats,  33,590 ; buckwheat,  79 ; peas  and  beans,  450 ; 
Irish  potatoes,  9,447 ; and  sweet  potatoes,  7,390  bushels.  Also,  hay,  441  tons  ; hops,  255 
pounds;  flax,  1,849  pounds;  and  flax-seed,  76  bushels;  tobacco,  1,763,882  pounds;  wine, 
39  gallons;  beeswax  and  honey,  3,994  pounds;  products  of  the  orchard  valued  at  $6,262; 
and  of  the  market-gardens  at  $50.  The  value  of  home-made  goods,  manufactured  dur- 
ing the  year,  was  $14,095. 

The  manufactures  of  the  county  are  confined  to  three  branches,  and  are  prosecuted  in 
11  establishments.  Capital  invested,  $38,500;  value  of  raw  material,  $56,000;  average 
number  of  hands  employed — males,  22,  and  females,  9 ; average  monthly  cost  of  labor, 
$259 ; value  of  annual  products,  $68,312. 

Establishments.  Number.  Capital.  Val.  of  Material.  Hands.  Val.  of  Prod. 

Factories,  cotton 1 810,000 $4,000 11 $7,000 

Mills,  grist 9 23,000 42,000 9 49,312 

“ saw 1 5,500 10,000 11 12,000 

Average  wages — to  a farm-hand,  $5  a month  with  board ; to  a day  laborer,  37  cents,  or 
25  cents  with  board ; to  a carpenter,  $1  25  a day ; to  a female  domestic,  50  cents  a week 
with  board.  Price  of  board  to  laboring  men,  $1  25  a week. 

The  value  of  real  and  personal  estate  in  the  county,  in  1850,  was  $3,972,100,  and  the 
taxes  thereon,  $21,246 ; namely — $9,504  state  tax,  and  $11,742  county  tax.  The  number  of 
paupers  supported  in  1849-50  was  90,  at  a cost  amounting  to  $1,931 ; and  during  the 
same  year  there  was  owe  criminal  convicted.  The  number  of  paupers  receiving  relief  on 
the  1st  June,  1850,  was  13. 

There  were  only  three  libraries  in  the  county,  (so  says  the  census,)  owe  a private  library 
with  500  volumes,  and  two  school  libraries  with  2,500  volumes ; and  owe  newspaper,  the 
“ St.  Mary’s  Beacon,”  published  at  Leonardtown.  The  college  and  school  statistics,  re- 
ferring to  June,  1850,  are  as  follows: 


Number.  Teachers.  Scholars.  Annual  Income 

College 1 3 55 $8,000 

Academies,  &c.... 7 11 115 2,200 

Primary  and  public  schools 24 24 494 2,372 


The  whole  number  that  attended  school  during  1849-50,  was  1,782,  of  which  921  were 


BALTI  3ML  O IO.  JE3 


On  Lombard  & Concord  Sts.  and  Jones’s  Falls. 


Hill 

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EGEBTON,  DOUGHEBTY,  WOODS  & CO. 


Double  Refined  LOAF  SUGAR, 

“ “ CRUSHED  SUGAR, 

“ “ POWDERED  SUGAR,  Extra  Fine. 


Double  Refined  GRANULATED  SUGAR, 
B LOAF  SUGAR, 

(A ) CRUSHED  SUGAR, 


CRUSHED  SUGARS  of  lower  grades  at  prices  according  to  Quality. 

mwwm  €>m  iromm  mmmu. 

Refined  White  A,  I 

“ (A) 


Refined  White  B, 
“ Yellow  C. 


3E S2S8F  SYHUP 


By  5 bbls.  55  Cents ; 10  Half  Bbls.  58  cts.;  20  Kegs  61  cents.  For  20  or  more  bbls.  4 months  or  3 per 
cent,  discount  for  cash;  less  than  twenty,  2 per  cent.;  less  than  five  57  cents  cash. 

TERMS  ; — For  less  than  20  packages  Sugar,  cash  ; for  20  or  more,  4 months’  credit,  for  approved 
paper,  payable  in  Baltimore,  or  three  per  cent,  discount  for  cash,  if  paid  within  ten  days  from  date  of  bill. 
Unless  limits  are  given,  orders  will  be  filled  at  Selling  Prices  when  ready  for  delivery. 

NO  CHARGE  FOR  PACKAGES. 

Instructions  for  Insurance,  if  required,  must  accompany  each  Order. 

Circulars  containing  Prices,  &c.,  sent  by  Mail  to  any  part  of  the  Union  by  application. 


ST.  M 


SEN 


males  and  861  females,  all  white  persons.  “ Adults  who  cannot  read  aad  write,”  amounted 
to  1,855  white  persons  and  1,596  free  colored  persons. 

The  county  had  in  1850,  21  churches,  which  together  afforded  accommodation  to  5,850 
persons  : 6 Episcopal  churches  accommodated  1,700;  7 Methodist  churches,  2,100;  and 
8 Roman  Catholic  churches,  2,050  persons. 

Leonardtown  is  the  county  seat  of  justice,  and  the  following  are  the  principal  Tillages 
and  post-offices : — Chaptico,  Charlotte  Hall,  Great  Mills,  Milestown,  Mount  Olive,  Oak- 
ville, Ridge,  St.  Clement’s  Bay,  St.  Inigoes. 


St.  Mary’s,  v.,  St.  Mary’s  co.  Situate 
on  the  e.  side  of  St.  Mary’s  r.,  about  8 m. 
above  its  confluence  with  Potomac  r.,  18  m. 
s.  e.  of  Leonardtown.  The  site  of  St. 
Mary’s  city,  founded  by  the  first  emigrants, 
the  “ Pilgrims  of  St.  Mary’s,”  27th  March, 
1674,  is  a little  s.  of  this. 

St.  Mary’s  River,  St.  Mary’s  co.  A 
large  inlet  of  Potomac  r.,  with  which  it 
unites  at  Cherry  Point  and  St.  George’s 
Island. 

St.  Michael’s,  p.  v.,  Talbot  co.  Situate 
on  the  w.  side  of  St.  Michael’s  r.,  6 m.  s.  of 
Eastern  Bay  of  the  Chesapeake,  12  m.  w. 
of  Easton,  and  57  e.  of  Annapolis. 

St.  Michael’s  River,  Talbot  co.  A con- 
siderable inlet  of  Eastern  Bay  of  Chesapeake 
Bay. 

St.  Paul’s,  v.,  Prince  George  co.  Situate 
about  6 m.  w.  of  Patuxent  r.,  on  the  road 
from  Piscataway  to  Lower  Marlboro’,  and 
16  m.  s.  of  Upper  Marlboro.’ 

St.  Stephen’s,  v.,  Cecil  co.  Situate  on 
the  peninsula  between  Sassafras  r.  and 
Bohemia  r.,  22  m.  s.  of  Elkton. 

Salisbury,  p.  v.,  Somerset  co.  Situate  on 
Hie  e.  side  of  Wicomico  r.,  on  the  e.  line  of 
the  county,  14  m.  n.  n.  e.  of  Princess  Anne, 
and  95  s.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Saltpetre  Creek,  Baltimore  co.  A stream 
from  the  w.  shore  falling  into  Gunpow- 
der r. 

Sam’s  Creek,  Frederick  co.  A large 
tributary  of  Monocacy  r.,  forming  in  part 
the  e.  boundary  of  the  county. 

Sam’s  Creek,  p.  o.  Carroll  co.  Situate  on 
the  e.  side  of  Sam’s  cr.,  at  the  crossing  of 
the  Frederick  and  Baltimore  post-road,  9 m. 
w.  of  Westminster,  and  62  n.  w.  of  Anna- 
polis. 

Sandtown  Creek,  Kent  Co.  One  of  the 
head  streams  of  Chester  r. 

Sandy  Hill,  p.  v.,  Worcester  co.  Situ- 
ate on  a creek  of  Chincoteague  Bay,  in  the 
s.  e.  part  of  the  county,  10  m.  s.  of  Snow 
Hill,  and  124  s.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Sandy  Hook,  p.  v.,  Harford  co.  Situate  on 
Deer  Creek,  9 m.  from  its  confluence  with 
Susquehanna  r. ; 6 m.  n.  of  Bel- Air,  and 
46  n.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis.  The  vicinity  has 
excellent  farm  lands,  and  is  being  improved 
rapidly  ; and  on  the  creek  there  is  abun- 
dance of  fine  stone,  of  which  the  houses  are 


mostly  built.  The  place  contains  two 
churches  and  one  public  school.  Popula- 
tion, 160. 

Sandy  Point,  Anne  Arundel  co.  A 
cape  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  opposite  Kent 
Island.  The  bay  is  here  at  its  narrowest 
dimension. 

Sandy  Spring,  p.  v.,  Montgomery  co. 
Situate  in  the  hilly  region,  two  or  three 
miles  w.  of  Big  Patuxent  r.,  10  m.  n.  e.  of 
Rockville,  and  60  w.  s.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Sangrun,  p.  v.,  Alleghany  co. 

Sassafras,  p.  v.,  Kent  co.  See  “ Head  of 
Sassafras.” 

Sassafras  River.  A large  stream  rising 
in  Delaware,  and  flowing  w.,  between  Cecil 
and  Kent  counties,  into  Chesapeake  Bay. 

Savage,  p.  v.,  Howard  co.  Situate  on 
Little  Patuxent  r.,  in  the  s.  w.  corner  of  the 
county,  20  m.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis.  There 
are  extensive  iron  works  in  the  vicinity. 

Savage  Mills,  Alleghany  co.  Situate  near 
the  confluence  of  Savage  r.,  with  the  n. 
branch  of  Potomac  r.,  22  m.  s.  w.  of  Cum- 
berland, and  188  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Savage  River,  Alleghany  co.  A large 
stream  draining  the  valley  between  Hoop- 
Pole  Mountain  and  Great  Savage  Mountain, 
from  both  of  which  it  derives  its  waters, 
and  falling  into  the  n.  branch  of  Potomac 
r.,  about  2 m.  w.  of  Lonaconing  cr.  Munro 
Run,  Middle  Fork,  and  Crabtree  cr.,  are  its 
principal  affluents.  The  Balt,  and  Ohio 
R.  R.  takes  the  course  of  this  stream  to  the 
junction  of  Crabtree  cr. 

> Saw  Mill  Run,  Alleghany  co.  An  afflu- 
ent of  Potomac  r.,  rising  from  the  slopes  of 
Evitt’s  and  Warrior  Mountains.  It  joins  the 
Potomac  a little  w.  of  Old  Town. 

Selby’s  Port,  p.  v.,  Alleghany  co.  Situate 
on  the  w.  side  of  Youghiogeny  r.,  3 m.  be- 
low the  Pennsylvania  state  line,  38  m.  w.  of 
Cumberland,  and  214  w.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Seller’s  Point,  Baltimore  co.  A narrow 
neck  of  land  projecting  into  Baltimore  har- 
bor on  the  e.  side  thereof. 

Seneca  Creek,  Montgomery  co.  Rises 
in  the  northern  highlands  of  this  county  in 
a thousand  streamlets,  which,  uniting  first 
into  two  and  afterwards  into  one  creek, 
flow  into  the  Potomac  r.  All  the  western 
portion  of  the  county  is  drained  by  this  fine 
water-course. 


j BOOKS  AND  STATIONERY. 

T.  NEWTON  KURTZ, 

IJnblislifr.  itfookselltr.  Stationer, 

DEALER  IKT 

AiO  BLANK  MJC0UST  ®O0K  MAIftJFAGTURER, 

No.  1-51  Pratt  St.  opposite  Smith’s  “Maltby  House,” 

©ALTTDIMIOI^iEp  HS. 

HAS  CONSTANTLY  ON  HAND  AND  FOR  SALE,  A FULL  ASSORTMENT  OF 

School,  Classical,  Theological,  Juvenile  and  Miscellaneous 

33  O O 3KL  Us  «. 


T.  N.  K.  invites  the  particular  attention  of  Country  Dealers,  Teachers  and  others  to  his 
unusually  large  assortment  of  SCHOOL  BOOKS,  embracing  all  the  most  Popular 
and  Valuable  Educational  Works  now  in  use,  which  he  offers  at  the  lowest  wholesale  prices. 

ALSO,  BLANK  ACCOUNT  BOOKS 

Of  every  description,  among  which  are  Cap,  Demy,  and  Medium,  (half  and  full  bound)  Day 
Books,  Cash  Books,  Journals,  Ledgers,  Record,  Time  and  Roll  Books,  and  a great  variety  of 
Memorandum  Books. 

Having  an  extensive  BINDERY,  with  ever}7  facility,  connected  with  his  establish- 
ment, he  is  prepared  to  make  to  order  promptly,  all  styles  of  Blank  Account  and  Record 
Books,  paged,  and  ruled  to  any  pattern,  and  forward  them  to  any  part  of  the  country. 
Books,  Magazines,  Music,  &c.,  neatly  bound  in  any  style. 

ALSO,  EVERY  VARIETY  OF 

STAPLE  AND  FANCY  STATIONERY, 

Including  a large  stock  of  Letter,  Bath,  and  Commercial  Post,  Foolscap,  Writing,  Drawing, 
Wrapping,  Envelope,  Printing,  Plain  and  Embossed  Note,  and  Fancy  Colored 

HP  AL  JEP  2ES  3FK.  S . 

A full  assortment  of  the  Publications  of  the  MASSACHUSETTS  SABBATH  SCHOOL  SO 
CIETY  constantly  on  hand  and  for  sale.  Those  of  the  AMERICAN  SUNDAY  SCHOOL  USIOSi 
also  supplied  to  order. 

T.  N.  K.  publishes  the  Standard  English  and  German  Lutheran  Hymn  Books, 
Catechisms,  Liturgy,  Prayer  Book,  Almanac,  Ac.,  and  is  General  Agent  for 
the  sale  of  all  other  LUTHERAN  PUBLICATIONS.  The  Office  of  the 

OBSERVER” 

Is  at  the  Store  of  T,  N,  K.,  where  all  business  appertaining  to  the  paper  is  transacted. 

Orders  for  Books  of  any  kind,  which  can  he  sent  per  Mail  at  the 
rate  of  one  cent  per  ounce,  if  the  postage  is  prepaid,  or  for  any  article  in  the 
Stationery  Line,  will  be  promptly  and  faithfully  attended  to,  if  addressed  to 

T.  NEWTON  KURTZ, 

No.  151  Pratt  St.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

The  highest  market  price  paid  for  R-AGrS — either  in  cash  or  trade. 


SEN 


SOM 


Seneca  Mills,  p.  o.,  Montgomery  co. 
Situate  on  Seneca  cr.,  1 m.  n.  of  Potomac 
r.,  11  m.  w.  of  Rockville,  and  23  m.  above 
Georgetown,  D.  C.  A mill  seat  with  10 
or  11  inhabitants. 

Severn  River,  Anne  Arundel  co.  Rises 
in  several  creeks  a little  north  of  the  centre 
of  the  county,  and  after  the  union  of  these, 
spreads  into  a long  and  wide  inlet  of  Chesa- 
peake Bay,  into  which  it  falls  between 
Greenbury  and  Tallys  Points,  opposite 
Kent  Island.  Annapolis,  the  state  capital, 
is  located  in  a projecting  headland  near  its 
mouth. 

Shade  Mill,  p.  o.,  Alleghany  co.  Situ- 
ate on  a branch  of  Youghiogeny  r.,  about 
18  m.  w.  of  Cumberland. 

Sharktown,  v.,  Queen  Anne  co.  A settle- 
ment on  Kent  Island. 

Sharpsburg,  p.  v.,  Washington  co.  Situ- 
ate not  far  distant  from  the  w.  bank  of 
Antietam  cr.,  14  m.  s.  of  Hagerstown,  and 
97  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Sharp’s  Island,  Dorchester  co.  Situate 
in  Chesapeake  Bay,  s.  of  the  confluence  of 
Choptank  r.  A light-house  has  been  erect- 
ed on  its  northern  point. 

Sharptown,  p.  v.,  Somerset  co.  Situate 
near  the  s.  line  of  Delaware,  16  m.  n.  of 
Princess  Anne,  and  98  m.  s.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Shawan,  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate  s.  w. 
of  Black  Ro'ck  Branch  of  Great  Gunpowder 
Palls. 

Shawsville,  p.  v.,  Harford  co.  Situate 
in  the  n.  w.  part  of  the  county,  16  m.  n.  w. 
of  Bel- Air,  and  66  m.  n.  of  Annapolis. 

Shell  Town,  v.,  Somerset  co-.  Situate 
on  the  n.  side  of  Pocomoke  r.,  near  its 
mouth,  14  m.  s.  of  Princess  Anne. 

Shrewsbury,  v.,  Kent  co.  Situate  about 
3 m.  s.  of  Sassafras  r.,  and  12  m.  n.  e.  of 
Chestertown. 


SfDELiNG  Hill,  Washington  co.  A ridge 
of  the  Alleghanies,  near  the  w.  border  of 
the  county. 

Sinepuxent  Bay,  Worcester  co.  A large 
sheet  of  water  inclosed  from  the  Atlantic 
by  the  sand  beach  called  Assateague,  or 
Fenwick’s  Island.  It  is  navigable  only  for 
very  small  craft. 

Sinepuxent  Neck,  Worcester  co.  A long 
narrow  neck  of  land  projecting  into  the  bay 
of  the  same  name,  almost  separated  from 
the  main  by  Trap  cr.  and  Herring  cr.,  be- 
tween the  waters  of  which  the  construction 
of  a canal  has  been  proposed. 

Slaughter  Creek,  Dorchester  co.  A 
sound  separating  James’  and  Taylor’s  isl- 
ands from  the  mainland. 

Simpsonville,  p.  v.,  Anne  Arundel  co., 
4 m.  w.  of  Ellicott’s  Mills. 

Smithsburg,  p.  v.,  Washington  co.  Situ- 
ate 5 m.  e.  of  Antietam  cr.,  in  the  midst  of 
a fine  agricultural  district,  7 m.  e.  of  Hagers- 
town, and  102  m.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis.  In 
1850  it  contained  366  inhabitants — 348 
white  persons,  and  18  free  colored  persons. 

Smith’s  Island,  Dorchester  co.  A long 
narrow  island  extending  from  Fog’s  Point 
or  Cagis  Strait,  nearly  to  Tangier  Island. 
Less  than  one  half  of  the  island  is  within 
the  limits  of  Maryland. 

Smoketown,  v.,  Washington  co.  Situate 
on  the  w.  side  of  Antietam  cr.,  10  m.  s.  of 
Hagerstown. 

Snow  Hill,  pt.  of  entry,  co.  seat  and 
p.  o.,  Worcester  co.  Situate  on  the  e.  bank 
of  Pocomoke  r.,  25  m.  above  its  confluence 
with  the  bay  of  the  same  name,  115  m. 
s.  e.  of  Annapolis,  and  155  m.  s.  e.  of  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  It  contains  a court-house, 
the  county  prison,  an  academy,  several 
churches,  and  about  700  inhabitants.  Ton- 
nage of  the  district  in  1850,  9,511  tons. 


SOMERSET  COUNTY,  situate  on  the  Eastern  Shore,  lies  between  Nanticoke  river 
which  separates  it  from  Dorchester,  and  Pocomoke  river  which  separates  it  in  part  from 
Worcester  county,  and  otherwise  between  Chesapeake  Bay  and  the  state  line  of  Dela- 
ware. Its  coasts  are  deeply  indented  with  large  bays  and  estuaries,  into  which  several  con- 
siderable rivers  empty  themselves.  The  Nanticoke  traverses  its  whole  n.  w.  border,  and 
falls  into  Fishing  Bay ; the  Wicomico  river  and  Monie  creek  also  enter  the  same  bay,  but 
through  a common  estuary ; Manokin,  Annemesix  and  Little  Annemesix  rivers  further 
south  enter  the  Chesapeake  directly,  and  Pocomoke  river,  which  bounds  the  county  on 
the  east,  empties  into  the  bay  of  the  same  name.  All  these  rivers  are  navigable,  more  or 
less,  and  afford  commercial  facilities  to  their  localities.  The  area  of  the  county  is  310,400 
acres.  The  surface  is  low  and  level,  and  the  soils  are  swamp,  sandy  marsh  and  pipe-clay. 
The  muck-swamp  soil  is  remarkable  for  its  black  color,  light  porous  texture,  and  the  large 
quantity  of  vegetable  matter  it  contains.  The  pipe-clay  soil  is  almost  useless  for  produc- 
tive purposes,  in  its  natural  state,  but  susceptible  of  improvement  to  a high  degree.  The 
light  sandy  soil  has  a coarse  gritty  texture.  The  swamp  soil  affords  rich  pasturage.  In 
the  low  lands  the  water  is  calcareous,  and  in  the  sandy  or  uplands  it  is  pure  like  that  of 
all  silicious  soils.  In  the  latter  region  there  are  a few  mineral  springs.  Barren  Creek 
Springs,  in  the  north  corner  of  the  county,  have  chalybeate,  sulphur  and  magnesia  water. 
The  timber  growths  common  to  the  county  are  white,  Spanish,  and  post  oak,  swamp  oak, 


274 


CUMBERLAND  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


«F b HP*  "^7%7"2E=S,JI^3j"!E3!EiXd? 
Baltimore  St,,  Opposite  Savings  Bank,  Cumberland,  Md, 


DEALER  I3ST 


umi  i 


Sfurclnj, 


yiiiii  Wiiia 


A KT  X) 


HI 


m % 

WATCHES  CAREFULLY  REPAIRED  AND  WARRANTED. 

T.  L.  BEALL  & GO, 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL  DEALERS  IN 


m ROLLED  & HAMMERED 


OF  ALL  DESCRIPTIONS, 

m &W&S3SE?  HAILS  & SPESS, 

COOK  AND  PARLOR 

STOVES, 

Corner  Baltimore  and  Centre  Streets, 

©S33232a&&KS3,  £2®. 


DEXTER’S  HOTEL, 

formerly  tihce 

as  ^ ^ 


IF  ®F  w 


© 


The  undersigned,  recently  of  the  National  Hotel,  in  this  city,  having  leased  for  a series  of 
years  this  large  and  commodious  house  on 

Pennsylvania  Avenue  and  Seventh  St, } Washington,  D.  C, 

And  having  refitted  and  refurnished  it  throughout  in  an  elegant  and  substantial  manner,  begs 
leave  to  inform  his  old  friends  and  the  public  that  it  will  be  thrown  open  for  the  reception  of 

guests  on  the  19th  instant.  , _ . ..  . , „ ^ „ 

Having  been  engaged  for  a number  of  years  as  a caterer  for  the  public,  he  has  no  hesitation 
in  saying  that  it  will  vie  with  any  other  establishment  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States. 
Washington,  D.  C.,  Nov.  13th,  1855.  M.  A.  DEXTER. 


SOM 


SOU 


maple,  pine,  hickory,  chestnut,  dogwood,  walnut,  cedar,  ash,  cypress,  magnolia,  persim- 
mon, sassafras,  beech  and  holly.  The  only  useful  mineral  found  is  bog  iron  ore.  The  In- 
dian shell-banks  afford  large  quantities  of  lime  for  fertilizing.  Sea-weed,  marsh-mud, 
and  tnrf,  are  also  used  for  that  purpose. 

The  first  settlers  in  this  county  were  from  England,  and  the  county  was  erected  by 
order  of  the  governor  in  1666.  In  1790  it  contained  15,610  inhabitants ; in  1820, 19,579 ; 
in  1840,  19,508,  and  in  1850,  22,456,  of  which  13,385  were  white  persons,  3,483  free 
colored  persons,  and  5,588  slaves;  and  of  the  population,  exclusive  of  slaves,  16,445  were 
natives  of  Maryland,  404  of  other  states  of  the  Union,  and  19  foreigners.  Dwellings, 
3,158,  and  families,  3,158.  Deaf  and  dumb,  34;  blind,  16;  insane,  19;  and  idiotic,  10. 

On  the  1st  June,  1850,  there  were  in  the  county  1,318  farms,  covering  127,626  acres 
improved  and  146,434  acres  unimproved  lands,  valued  at  $3,140,325-;  and  the  value  of 
farming  implements  and  machinery  was  $65,368.  The  live  stock  consisted  of  2,367  horses, 
338  asses  and  mules,  3,995  milcli  cows,  4,074  working  oxen,  6,646  other  cattle,  10,477 
sheep,  and  25,204  swine,  together  valued  at  $381,127  ; and  the  products  of  animals  were — 
wool,  28,928  pounds;  butter,  99,473  pounds;  and  animals  slaughtered,  $112,490  in  value. 
The  products  of  the  soil  consisted  of — wheat,  58,248  bushels ; rye,  340 ; Indian  corn, 
718,073  ; oats,  71,776 ; peas  and  beans,  2,380  ; Irish  potatoes,  25,439,  and  sweet  potatoes, 
119,994  bushels;  also  hay,  7,082  tons;  hops,  25  pounds;  flax,  790  pounds,  and  flax-seed, 
38  bushels.  The  value  of  orchard  products  was  $1,713,  and  of  market-garden  products, 
$634.  Beeswax  and  honey  were  produced  to  the  amount  of  16,533  pounds  ; and  home- 
made goods  were  manufactured  to  the  value  of  $11,115. 

The  whole  number  of  industrial  establishments  in  the  county  in  1850  was  90  ; the  capi- 
tal invested  therein, $109, 600 ; the  value  of  raw  material,  &c.,  $96,775;  average  number 
of  hands  employed,  194  males  and  6 females;  average  cost  of  labor,  $3,276  a month; 
value  of  animal  products,  $175,350.  The  number  of  establishments  engaged  in  the  sever- 
al manufactures  were — 1 bakery,  6 blacksmith  shops,  5 boat-builders’  shops,  6 boot  and 
shoe  factories,  4 carriage  factories,  2 woolen  factories,  1 hat  and  cap  factory,  3 flouring 
mills,  28  grist  mills,  31  saw  mills,  2 tanneries,  and  1 tin  shop.  The  following  are  the  de- 
jails  of  the  principal  branches : 


Branches. 

N umber. 

Capital. 

Val.  of  material 

Hand*. 

Val.  of  Prod. 

Carriage  factories 

,..$11,500... 

$5,360 

...25 

....$15,420 

W oolen  factories 

*} 

2,000.., 

3,300 

9 

3,975 

Flour  mills 

3 

6,000... 

4,400 

3 

5,860 

Grist  mills 

28 

35,000... 

33,057 

...40 

41,560 

Saw  mills 

39,250... 

33,028 

...54 

51,535 

Tanneries 

2,500... 

1,600 

Average  wages — farm-hands  -with  board,  $6  a month ; day-laborers,  50  cents,  or  with 
b-\ard,  37  cents;  carpenters,  $1  a day;  female  domestics  with  board,  50  cents  a week. 
Price  of  board  to  laboring  men,  $1  37  a week. 

The  total  value  of  real  and  personal  estate  in  1850,  amounted  to  $3,303,935,  (true  valu- 
ation $4,129,919)  and  taxes  assessed  thereon  $23,383,  of  which  $8,516  was  state  tax,  and 
$14,367  county  tax.  During  the  year  1849-50,  207  paupers  wrere  relieved  at  a cost  of 
$3,500,  and  on  the  1st  June  of  the  latter  year  196  remained  a burden  to  the  county. 

There  is  only  one  newspaper  published  in  the  county,  and  the  census  gives  returns  of 
not  a single  library  of  any  description,  either  private,  church  or  school  library.  The  num- 
ber of  primary  and  public  schools  on  1st  June,  1850,  was  45,  each  with  one  teacher,  and 
attended  in  the  aggregate  by  821  scholars;  and  of  academies  and  other  schools  12,  with 
13  teachers  and  273  pupils.  The  numbers  classed  “ Adults  who  cannot  read  and  write,” 
amounted  to  673  white  persons  and  645  free  colored  persons. 

The  number  of  churches,  in  1850,  was  57,  with  accommodations  for  24,015  persons,  and 
the  value  of  church  property  was  $59,400.  The  Baptists  had  6 churches,  the  Episcopa 
lians  12,  the  Methodists  35,  and  the  Presbyterians  4 ; the  average  accommodations  in  each 
being  for  300  to  500  persons. 

Princess  Anne  is  the  county  seat  of  justice ; and  the  following  are  the  principal  vil- 
lages and  post-offices: — Barren  Creek  Springs,  Bell  Mount,  Fork  Town,  Kingston,  Quan- 
tico,  Bock  Creek,  Salisbury,  Sharp  Town,  Upper  Trappe,  Whitehaven. 


South  Millford,  p.  v.,  Cecil  co.,  16  m. 
from  Elkton. 

South  Mountain,  Washington  and  Fred- 
erick cos.  A well-defined  ridge  of  the 


Alleghanies,  forming  the  boundary  between 
the  two  counties. 

South  River,  Anne  Arundel  co.  A large 
estuary  or  inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  wliich 


276 


CUMBERLAND  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


DEALER  IN 


'CHES,  Cl 

mist  is® 


'uuuiiu,  uni  vv  niuj 

H7  a ’j)  m 

i&  u 'ir  xi.u2is 
Baltimore  Street,  near  the  Railroad, 

(£?  Ip"  !OT  is  is  S3*  1©  9 Id)  o 

Watches  and  Jewelry  carefully  repaired  and  warranted, 

YE1IOI  HEBB, 

DEALER  IN 

IF^iKTO^r  A.  1ST  ID  DOMESTIC 


Carpeting,  Jltatting,  flaor  & fable  ©it  flatly, 

McKAIG’S  LARGE  THREE  STORY  BLOCK, 

Baltimore  Street,  Cumberland,  Md. 

THOMAS  A.  HOPKINS, 

ATTORNEY  AT  LAW, 

BALTIMORE  STREET, 

BETWEEN  THE  NATIONAL  HOTEL  AND  THE  BRIDGE, 

01X330.13  ear  lan  <3.,  3VE<3.. 

JACOB  BROWN, 

HTT011EI  HI  LAW, 

Sft&8«SV4&  II  « SAHWBftW, 

BALTIMORE  STREET, 

FOUK  DOORS  EAST  OF  SAVINGS  DBAJS TK, 

©(LOtMUBEK-LAlNllDg  [MIPb 


sou 


TAL 


it  enters  at  Thomas’  Point,  on  which  there 
is  a light-house. 

South  River,  p.  o.,  Anne  Arundel  co. 
Situate  on  the  river  of  same  name,  8 m.  s. 
of  Annapolis. 

Spesutie  Island,  Harford  co.  An  island 
of  considerable  extent  in  Chesapeake  Bay, 
about  6 m.  s.  of  the  confluence  of  Susque- 
hanna r.,  and  about  a mile  distant  from  the 
e.  coast  of  the  county. 

Spry’s  Island,  Baltimore  co.  A small 
island  at  the  mouth  of  Gunpowder  r. 

Sudlersville,  p.  v.,  Queen  Anne  co.  Sit- 
uate on  the  w.  side  of  the  upper  course 
of  Tuckahoe  cr.,  16  m.  n.  e.  of  Centre ville, 
and  58  e.  by  n.  of  Annapolis. 

Sugarloaf  Mountain,  Frederick  co.  A 
conspicuous  elevation  near  Monocacy  r.,  in 
the  s.  part  of  the  county.  It  is  the  south- 
ern termination  of  the  ridge  called  Catoctin 
Mountain,  traversing  in  a N.  and  s.  direc- 
tion. 

Sugar  Run,  Alleghany  co.  A tributary 
of  Town  cr. 

Swallow  Falls,  Alleghany  co.  These 
falls  of  the  Youghiogeny  r;  occur  near  the 
mouth  of  Herndorn  cr.,  in  the  s.  w.  part  of 


the  county.  The  general  elevation  of  the 
country  in  the  vicinity  is  2,390  feet  above 
tide-water. 

Swan  Creek,  Harford  co.  A large  inlet, 
with  several  affluent  streams,  situate  on  the 
s.  e.  coast  of  the  county. 

Swan  Neck,  Harford  co.  A large  pen- 
insular tract  between  Bush  r.  and  Swan  cr. 

Swan  Point,  Kent  co.  A head  land  of 
Chesapeake  Bay,  being  the  most  westerly 
projection  of  the  county. 

Swanton,  v.,  Alleghany  co.  Situate  on 
the  line  of  the  Balt,  and  Ohio  R.  R.,  41  m. 
s.  w.  > of  Cumberland.  Elevation  2,272 
feet  above  tide-water. 

Swantown,  v.,  Kent  co.  Situate  be- 
tween Swan  and  Saw  Mill  creeks  of  Sassa- 
fras r.,  21  m.  n.  e.  of  Chestertown. 

Sweet  Air,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate 
in  the  midst  of  a fine  country,  16  m.  n.  of 
Baltimore  city,  and  45  n.  of  Annapolis. 

Sykesville,  p.  v.,  Carroll  co.  Situate  on 
the  n.  side  of  the  West  Branch  of  Patapsco 
r.,  and  on  the  line  of  the  Balt,  and  Ohio 
R.  R.,  32  m.  w.  of  Baltimore,  and  distant 
15  m.  s.  of  Westminster,  and  61  n.  n.  w.  of 
Annapolis. 


TALBOT  COUNTY,  situate  on  the  Eastern  Shore,  and  containing  215,040  acres,  lies 
between  Chesapeake  Bay  and  Choptank  river.  Its  coast  towards  the  Chesapeake  is  very 
irregular,  and  deeply  indented  with  inlets  and  estuaries,  forming  the  land  into  peninsulas 
and  islands.  The  Wye  river  separates  it  from  Queen  Anne  county.  The  principal 
streams  within  the  county  are  St.  Michael’s  river,  Treadhaven  creek  and  Broad  creek. 
The  surface  is  generally  low  and  level,  and  the  preponderating  soils  are  red  clay  and  that 
called  white  oak,  both  of  which  are  very  fertile.  Few  rocks  exist  in  any  part,  but  marl- 
shell  lime,  swamp-muck,  <fcc.,  useful  as  manures,  are  abundant.  The  climate  is  moist  and 
warm,  and  the  county  is  remarkable  for  the  health  and  longevity  of  its  inhabitants.  The 
natural  growths  are  oak  and  yellow  pine,  of  the  best  quality  for  ship-building ; also  hick- 
ory, chestnut,  locust,  cedar,  red  and  white  oak,  ash  and  poplar.  The  county  was  formed 
on  the  regular  progression  of  the  settlement  of  the  state  in  1660.  In  1790  it  contained 
13,084  inhabitants;  in  1820,  14,389;  in  1840,  only  12,090,  and  in  1850,  13,811.  The  de- 
crease between  1820  and  1840  occurred  among  the  whites  (1,324,)  and  the  free  colored 
(1,081,)  the  slaves  increasing  (106.)  Of  the  population  in  1850  the  whites  numbered 
7,084;  the  free  colored,  2,593,  and  the  slaves,  4,134;  and,  excluding  slaves,  9,342  were 
natives  of  Maryland,  236  of  other  states  of  the  Union,  and  99  of  foreign  countries.  Dwel- 
lings, 1,751,  and  families,  1,776.  Births,  445;  marriages,  115,  and  deaths,  240.  Deaf 
and  dumb,  10;  blind,  16;  insane,  9;  idiotic,  11.  The  number  of  slaves  manumitted 
during  1849-50  was  7,  and  the  number  of  fugitives  from  service,  22. 

The  number  of  farms  in  the  county,  in  1850,  was  793,  covering  114,109  acres  improved, 
and  55,312  acres  unimproved  lands,  valued  at  $3,750,845 ; and  the  value  of  farming  imple- 
ments and  machinery  was  107,101.  The  live  stock  consisted  of — 2,931  horses,  586  asses 
and  mules,  3,202  milch  cows,  1,567  working  oxen,  4,794  other  cattle,  7,869  sheep,  and 
15,531  swine,  valued  in  the  aggregate  at  $393,855 ; and  the  products  of  animals  were — 
wool,  27,416  pounds,  and  butter,  97,585  pounds ; and  the  value  of  animals  slaughtered 
was  $97,956.  The  crops  of  1849-50  amounted — wheat,  to  272,963  bushels ; rye,  to  561 ; 
Indian  corn,  to  621,980 ; oats,  to  15,268;  barley,  to  10 ; buckwheat,  to  717 ; beans  and 
peas,  to  835;  Irish  potatoes,  to  33,551,  and  sweet  potatoes,  to  15,366  bushels;  also  hay, 
663  tons ; clover-seed,  28  bushels,  and  other  grass-seed,  35  bushels  ; flax,  140  pounds, 
and  flax-seed,  one  bushel ; the  value  of  orchard  products  was  $4,922,  and  of  market-gar- 
den products,  $555 ; and  the  product  of  wine  was  343  gallons,  and  of  beeswax  and 
honey,  6,448  pounds.  The  value  of  homemade  manufactures  amounted  to  $2,154. 


278 


CUMBERLAND  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


W.  H.  BILMIRE, 


■ADNTID  DEALER  IUNT 


&c< 

Baltimore  Street, 

NEARTHE  DEPOT  AND  CANAL, 

®®52®[S!B[L&EI®p  El®. 


WILLIAM  WALSH, 


SOLICITOR  IN  CHANCERY. 


OFFICE  ON  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

OVER  THE  SAVINGS  BANK, 

©H  MI  313  HIE  III  ASS’ 3D  9 MI3Do 


SHRIVER  & BROS. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


mmm  lathes, 

Drilling  & Polishing  Lathes, 

GEAR-CUTTING  ENGINES 


MACH1NI 

CUMBERLAND 


AND  OTHER  DESCRIPTIONS  OF 

lASMIESf Ss  TO@&©e 

SCROLL  CHUCKS, 

s>M5m 

CUMBERLAND,  MD. 

On  the  Balt.  & Ohio  R.  R. 

Midway  between  Baltimore  and  the  Ohio  River. 


TAN 


TOW 


The  county  contained  in  1850,  36  industrial  establishments,  and  the  capital  invested  in 
manufactures  amounted  to  $54,600;  value  of  raw  materials  consumed,  $63,460  ; average 
number  of  hands  employed — 149  males  and  31  females;  average  monthly  cost  of  male 
labor,  $2,819,  and  of  female  labor,  $119  ; value  of  annual  products,  $119,050.  Milling  is 
the  most  prominent  branch,  and  in  eleven  mills — 6 flour  and  5 grist — one-half  the  manu- 
facturing capital  of  the  county  is  invested.  Ship-building  employed  34  hands ; carriage- 
making, 19  ; agricultural  implement  making.  14,  &c. 

Average  wages — a farm-hand  with  board,  $7  00  a month ; a day -laborer,  37  cents,  or 
with  board,  25  cents ; a carpenter,  $1  25 ; a female  domestic,  $1  00  a week  with  board. 
The  price  of  board  for  a laboring  man,  $2  a week. 

The  total  value  of  real  and  personal  estate  in  the  county  was,  in  1850,  $4,541,295,  and 
the  taxes  thereon,  $50,226,  of  which  $11,033  was  state  tax,  $27,844  county  tax,  and 
$11,349  school  tax.  The  number  of  paupers  relieved  during  the  year  past  was  41,  at  a 
cost  of  $1,000,  and  of  these  39  remained  on  the  lists  on  1st  June,  1850;  and  the  number 
of  criminals  convicted  was  3,  and  the  same  were  undergoing  sentence  at  the  latter 
period. 

There  were  in  1850  eight  libraries  in  the  county,  containing  13.400  volumes,  all  of 
which  were  owned  as  private  property ; and  two  newspapers  were  issued  weekly  at 
Easton.  The  number  of  primary  and  public  schools  at  the  above  date  was  30,  with  32 
teachers  and  985  scholars,  the  yearly  income  of  which  was  in  the  aggregate  $11,419  ; and 
2 academies,  with  5 teachers  and  78  pupils — yearly  income,  $7,200.  The  whole  number 
of  persons  attending  schools  in  the  year  past  was  1,114 — 602  males  and  512  females. 
Of  persons  classed  as  “Adults  who  cannot  read  and  write,”  there  were  309 — 146  males 
and  163  females,  all  white  persons,  the  statistics  of  the  free  colored  not  being  stated  in 
the  census  returns,  as  for  most  other  counties. 

The  statistics  of  churches  return  28  church  buildings  for  the  county.  These  were 
capable  of  accommodating  11,720  persons,  and  were  valued  at  $59,277  : one  was  Baptist, 
with  accommodations  for  80  persons ; 5 Episcopal,  for  1,840 ; 2 Friends,  for  1,050 ; 19 
Methodist,  for  8,800 ; 1 Roman  Catholic,  for  250. 

Easton  is  the  county  seat  of  justice,  and  the  following  are  the  principal  villages  and 
post-offices — Bay  Hundred,  Oxford,  Royal  Oak,  St.  Michaels,  Trappe,  Wye  Mills. 


Taneytown,  p.  v.,  Carroll  co.  Situate  on 
the  s.  side  of  Piney  cr.,  about  5 m.  above 
its  confluence  with  Monocacy  r.,  and  on  the 
turnpike,  14  m.  n.  w.  of  Westminster,  and 
71  n.  w.  of  Annapolis.  It  contains  several 
mills  and  iron  works,  and  in  1850  its  popu- 
lation was  279 — 263  white  persons,  and  16 
free  colored  persons. 

Taylor,  p.  v.,  Harford  co. 

Taylor’s  Island,  p.  o.,  Dorchester  co. 
An  island  of  sand,  near  16  m.  s.  w.  of 
Cambridge. 

Taylor’s  Island,  Dorchester  co.  An 
island  of  considerable  size,  separated  from 
the  main  land  by  Slaughter’s  cr. 

Taylorsville,  p.  v.,  Anne  Arundel  co. 
Situate  on  the  w.  side  of  West  Branch  of 
Patuxent  r.,  4 m.  n.  w.  of  Upper  Marlboro’, 
and  126  s.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Templeville,  p.  v.,  Queen  Anne  co. 
Situate  near  Delaware  state  line,  18  m. 
n.  e.  of  Centreville,  and  57  e.  by  n.  of 
Annapolis. 

Texas,  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate  on  the 
line  of  the  Balt,  and  Susquehanna  R.  R.,  13 
m.  n.  of  Baltimore  city. 

Thomas  Point,  Anne  Arundel  co.  A cape 
or  headland  at  the  north  of  the  entrance 
of  South  r.  into  Chesapeake  Bay.  A light- 
house is  erected  at  this  point. 


Three  Sisters,  Anne  Arundel  co.  A 
cluster  of  islands  in  Chesapeake  Bay,  so 
called. 

Tickton  Creek,  Washington  co.  A branch 
of  Antietam  cr.,  flowing  w.  from  the  slope 
of  South  Mountain. 

TiLGnMAN’s  Island,  Talbot  co.  An  island 
of  about  800  acres  at  the  confluence  of 
Choptank  r.  with  Chesapeake  Bay. 

Timonium,  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate  at 
the  head  of  Jones’  Falls,  and  on  the  line  of 
the  Balt,  and  Susquehanna  R.  R.,  11  m.  n. 
of  Baltimore  city. 

Tobacco  Stick,  p.  v.,  Dorchester  co. 
Situate  on  the  s.  side  of  Little  Choptank  r., 
10  m.  s.  w.  of  Cambridge,  and  38  m.  s.  s.  e. 
of  Annapolis. 

Tom’s  Creek,  Frederick  co.  One  of  the 
principal  branches  of  Monocacy  r. 

Tom’s  Run,  Washington  co.  Rises  among 
the  springs  of  North  Mountain,  and  flows 
into  Little  Conecocheague  cr. 

Town  Creek,  Alleghany  co.  A long 
stream  from  Pennsylvania,  which  flows  into 
the  n.  Branch  of  Potomac  r.,  a few  m.  e.  of 
Oldtown. 

Town  Hill,  Alleghany  co.  A ridge  of 
the  Alleghanies  in  the  e.  part  of  the 
county. 

Towsontown,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situ- 


CUMBERLAND  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


280 


T IE-31  33 


ADJOINING  THE  DEPOT, 


[MIA[Fl¥LAlNl®o 


ON  THE  ARRIVAL  OF  THE  CARS. 


THIS  IS  THE  BEST  LOCATED 


MM 


XjST  this  city. 


No  expense  has  been  spared  by  the  owner  and  proprietor  to  make  the  “Revere  ” 
the  House  of  this  place.  The  rooms  are  large  and  airy. 

Passengers  run  no  risk  being  left  by  the  cars  when  stopping  at  this  house.  It 
is  now,  and,  from  the  advantages  of  location,  must  continue  to  be  the  mealing 
point  on  that  great  thoroughfare,  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad.  Passengers 
step  from  the  cars,  under  cover,  immediately  into  the  house,  thus  avoiding  many 
inconveniences.  Persons  who  desire  to  pass  over  the  Alleghany  mountains  in  day 
time,  and  enjoy  the  Mountain  scenery,  will  find  the  “Revere”  a pleasant  lay-over 
point,  and  they  can  take  the  morning  accommodation  train. 

Cumberland  is  nearly  central  between  Baltimore  and  Wheeling.  The  House 
is  new  and  spacious  enough  to  accommodate  one  hundred  guests.  Good  porters 
are  always  ready  on  the  arrival  of  the  trains  to  take  care  of  baggage. 

fis  misMiM  mMia 

Is  well  supplied  with  newspapers,  and  this  is  the  only  house  in  this  city  sup- 
plied with  pure  hydrant  Mountain  Water. 

SUITES  OF  ROOMS  ESPECIALLY  FITTED  UP  FOR  FAMILIES. 


HOT  COFFEE  AND  OYSTERS 


NEXT  TO  THE  DEPOT  PLATFORM. 


TR  A 


WAR 


ate  on  the  turnpike,  8 m.  n.  of  Baltimore 
city,  and  37  m.  n.  of  Annapolis. 

Tracey’s  Landing,  p.  o.,  Anne  Arundel 
co.  Situate  on  a cr.  of  Fishing  Bay,  19  m. 
s.  of  Annapolis. 

Tramel’s  Town,  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situ- 
ate at  the  base  of  Catoctin  Mountain,  10  m. 
s.  w.  of  Frederick  city,  and  about  a mile 
back  from  Potomac  r. 

Transquaking  Creek,  Dorchester  co.  A 
stream  flowing  s.  into  Fishing  Bay. 

Trappe,  y.,  Charles  co.  Situate  12  m. 
8.  w.  of  Port  Tobacco. 

Trappe,  v.,  Kent  co.  Situate  about  6 m. 
s.  w,  of  Chestertown. 

Trappe,  v.,  Somerset  co.'  Situate  on 
Wicomico  cr.,  6 m.  n.  of  Princess  Anne. 

Trappe,  p.  v.,  Talbot  co.  Situate  n.  of 
Choptank  r.,  about  10  m.  s.  of  Easton,  and 
54  e.  s.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Trappe,  v.,  Worcester  co.  Situate  on 
Trappe  cr.,  a tributary  of  Sinepuxent  Bay, 
19  m.  n.  n.  e.  of  Snow  Hill. 

Trappe,  v.  Worcester  co.  Situate  on  the 
e.  side  of  Pocomoke  r.,  12  m.  above  its 
mouth  on  Pocomoke  Bay. 

Treadhaven  Creek,  Talbot  co.  A large 
inlet  emptying  into  Choptank  r.,  from  the 
n.  n.  e.  Easton,  the  capital  of  the  county, 
is  located  at  its  northern  extremity. 

Triadelphia,  p.  v.,  Montgomery  co. 
Situate  on  Big  Patuxent  r.,  16  m.  n.  e.  of 
Rockville,  and  50  m.  w.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Tuckahoe  Creek,  Talbot  co.  A principal 
branch  of  Choptank  r. 

Turner’s  Gap,  Washington  co.  A pass 
of  South  Mountain,  12  m.  s.  e.  of  Hagers- 
town. 

Tuscarora  River,  (Big  and  Little,)  Fred- 
erick co.  A tributary  of  Monocacy  r.,  from 
Catoctin  Mountain. 

Union  Bridge,  p.  v.,  Carroll  co.  Situate 
on  Little  Pipe  cr.,  11  m.  w.  of  Westminster, 
and  67  m.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Union  Meeting  House,  p.  o.,  Baltimore 
co.  Situate  on  Great  Gunpowder  Falls,  31 
m.  n.  of  Baltimore  city,  and  61  m.  n.  n.  w. 
of  Annapolis. 

Union  Mills,  p.  v.,  Carroll  co.  Situate 
on  Big  Pipe  cr.,  10  m.  n.  of  Westminster, 
and  65  n.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Uniontown,  p.  o.,  Carroll  co.  Situate 
near  Pipe  cr.,  8 m.  w.  of  Westminster,  and 
65  m.  n.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis.  Population 
339,  of  which  17  were  free  colored  per- 
sons. 

Unionville,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situate 
on  a tributary  of  Linganore  cr.,  15  m.  e.  n.  e. 
of  Frederick  city,  and  67  n.  w.  of  Anna- 
polis. 

Unity,  p.  v.,  Montgomery  co.  Situate  to 


the  w.  of  Patuxent  r.,  14  m.  n.  n.  e.  of 
Rockville,  and  58  w.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Upperco,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate  e. 
of  the  n.  branch  of  Patapsco  r.,  21  m.  n.  n.  w. 
of  Baltimore  city,  and  51  n.  n.  w.  of  An- 
napolis. 

Upper  Cross  Roads,  p.  o.,  Harford  co. 

Upper  Hunting  Creek,  p.  o.,  Caroline 
co.  Situate  on  the  creek  of  the  same  name, 
3 m.  above  its  confluence  with  Choptank  r. ; 
and  distant  13  m.  s.  s.  w.  of  Denton,  and  58 
e.  of  Annapolis. 

Upper  Marlboro’,  co.  seat  and  p.  o., 
Prince  George  co.  Situate  on  the  s.  side  of 
the  w.  branch  of  Patapsco  r.,  4 m.  above 
its  mouth,  23  m.  s.  w.  of  Annapolis,  and  17 
s.  e.  of  Washington,  D.  C.  It  contains  the 
usual  county  offices,  and  is  a well-built  vil- 
lage. The  Marlboro’  Gazette  is  published 
weekly,  and  circulates  500  copies. 

Upper  Trappe,  p.  v.,  Somerset  co.  Si- 
tuate in  the  N.  side  of  Wicomico  cr.,  6 m.  n. 
of  Princess  Anne. 

Urban  a,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situate  on 
the  e.  side  of  Monocacy  r.,  on  the  high 
ground  between  Bush  and  Bennett’s  creeks, 
7 m.  s.  s.  e.  of  Frederick  city,  and  68  n.  w, 
of  Annapolis. 

Urieville,  p.  v.,  Kent  co.  Situate  on 
the  e.  side  of  Morgan’s  cr.  of  Chester  r.,  6 

m.  n.  n.  w.  of  Chestertown,  and  60  n.  e.  of 
Annapolis. 

Utica  Mills,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situate 
on  Fishing  cr.,  10  m.  n.  of  Frederick  city, 
and  85  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Vansville,  v.,  Prince  George  co.  Situate 
on  the  head  waters  of  eastern  branch  of 
Potomac  r.,  22  m.  n.  w.  of  Upper  Marl- 
boro’. 

Vienna,  p.  v.,  and  pt.  of  entry,  Dorchester 
co.  Situate  on  the  w.  side  of  Uanticoke  r., 
24  m.  above  its  confluence  with  Chesapeake 
Bay,  16  m.  e.  of  Cambridge,  and  79  s.  e.  of 
Annapolis.  It  enjoys  considerable  trade, 
the  river  being  navigable  for  sea-going  ves- 
sels. Tonnage  of  the  district  in  1850, 
15,478;  in  1849-50,  there  was  built  27 
schooners,  of  1,533  tons  aggregate  bur- 
den. 

Wakefield,  p.  v.,  Carroll  co.  Situate 
6 m.  s.  w.  of  Westminster,  and  68  n.  n.  w. 
of  Annapolis. 

Walkersville,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Si 
tuate  on  the  e.  side  of  Monocacy  r.,  6 m. 

n.  n.  e.  of  Frederick  city,  and  81  n.  w.  of 
Annapolis. 

Warfieldsburg.  p.  v.,  Carroll  co.  Situate 
3 m.  s.  of  Westminster,  and  56  n.  w.  of 
Annapolis. 

Warren,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate  on 


282 


CUMBERLAND  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


ER6ST.BUM  fflOI  FOUNDRY. 

PAUL  & BROTHER, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

CAR  WHEELS, 

MILL  GEARING, 

strovES, 

PL0IG1C, 

ALL  KINDS  OF  IRON  & BRASS 

and  machinery 
FOE  MINES, 
BROADWAY, 

FiROSTBUKG,  MB>. 

H.  ROSE  N B AC  H, 


DEALER  IN  DOMESTIC  AND  FANCY 


CARPETING  AND  OIL  CLOTH, 

Baltimore  Street,  Cumberland,  Md. 

JOSEPH  WALSH, 

DEALER  IN 

m?  a m a 


& &)9 

Beets,  Shoes,  Trunks,  Carpet  Bags,  &c. 

Main  Street,  Frostburg,  Md. 


J.  H.  SEYMOUR, 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL  DEALER  IN 

Is  E/  j^'  Liibij  2 ^ 

ALSO  A GENERAL  ASSORTMENT  OF 


F GOO 

Cor,  Baltimore  and  George  Sts.,  opposite  Mineral  Bank 

M3T  Agent  for  the  “Maryland  Gazetteer” — price,  in  fine  binding  with 
colored  map,  $1.50. 


new 


BAR 


BIG 


3,476 — 2,014  males,  and  1,465  females.  “Adults,  who  cannot  read  and  write,”  numbered 
2,035 — 1,906  natives  and  39  foreigners. 

The  number  of  churches  was  63,  with  accommodation  for  15,285  hearers,  and  the  va- 
lue of  all  church  property  amounted  to  $121,340:  7 Baptist  churches  could  accommodate 
1,770;  8 Episcopal,  2,300;  2 Friends,  350;  2 Lutheran,  500;  34  Methodist,  7,725;  5 
Presbyterian,  1,390;  4 Roman  Catholic,  900,  and  1 Union  or  Free,  350. 

Baltimore  City  is  the  county  seat  of  justice : and  the  following  are  the  villages  and 
post-offices — Black  Rock,  Brooklandville,  Butler,  Catonsville,  Cockneysville,  Cub  Hill, 
Dover,  Ellengowan,  Fork  Meeting  House,  Freeland,  Gap  Mills,  Govanstown,  Ilarrison- 
ville.  Hereford,  Hookstown,  Little  Gunpowder,  Loug  Green  Academy,  Maryland  Line, 
Monkton  Mills,  North  Branch,  Owing’s  Mills,  Philopolis,  Pikesville,  Reistertown,  Ross- 
ville,  Ridge  Hall,  Sweet  Air,  Towsontown,  Union  Meeting  House,  Upperco,  Warren, 
Washington ville,  Weisesburgh,  Westerman’s  Mills,  Wetheredville,  White  Hall,  &c. 


Barnesville,  “p.  v.,  Montgomery  co. 
Situate  on  the  e.  side  of  Little  Monocacy  r., 
23  m.  n.  w.  of  Rockville,  and  79  n.  w.  of 
Annapolis. 

Barren  Creek  Springs,  p.  o.,  Somerset 
co.  Situate  on  the  n.  side  of  Barren  cr., 
a tributary  from  the  e.  of  Nanticoke  r.,  22 
m.  n.  of  Princess  Anne,  and  84  m.  s.  e.  of 
Annapolis. 

Barren  Island,  Dorchester  co.  Situate  in 
Chesapeake  Bay,  off  Meekin’s  Neck,  and 
separated  from  Hooper’s  Islaud  by  Tar  Bay. 

Barry,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situate  16  m. 
N.  of  Frederick,  and  91  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Battle  Ground,  Baltimore  co.  Situate  a 
little  to  the  e.  of  Baltimore  city,  on  Pa- 
tapsco  Neck.  The  site  of  a famous  battle, 
fought  in  September,  1814. 

Bay  Hundred,  p.  o.,  Talbot  co.  Situate  on 
the  e.  shore  of  Eastern  Bay  of  the  Chesa- 
peake, 13  m.  w.  of  Easton,  and  26  m.  s.  e. 
of  Annapolis. 

Beantown,  p.  v.,  Charles  co.  Situate  on 
the  post-road,  8 m.  n.  of  Port  Tobacco,  and 
62  s.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Bear  Creek,  Baltimore  co.  A large  inlet 
of  Patapsco  r.,  situate  between  Soller’s  Point 
and  Patapsco  Neck,  the  head  of  which  ap- 
proaches the  e.  confines  of  Baltimore  city. 

Beartown,  y.,  Caroline  co.  Situate  in  the 
N.  part  of  the  county,  21  m n.  of  Denton. 

Beaver  Creek,  Washington  co.  A tri- 
butary of  Antietam  cr.  from  South  Moun- 
tain. 

Beaver  Creek,  p.  o.,  Washington  co.  Sit- 
uate at  the  turnpike  crossing  of  the  creek, 
6 m.  s.  of  Hagerstown,  and  93  n.  w.  of 
Annapolis. 

Bel-air,  co.  seat  and  p.  o.,  Harford  co. 
Situate  on  a high  ground  between  Winter’s 
and  Bynham’s  Runs,  8 m.  n.  of  Bush  Creek, 
53  n.  by  e.  of  Annapolis,  and  63  n.  e.  of 
Washington.  It  is  a pleasant  village,  con- 
taining a court-house,  jail,  and  two  or  three 
churches,  and  about  200  inhabitants.  The 
country  which  surrounds  it  is  a fine  agricul- 
tural district.  A weekly  newspaper  is  pub- 
lished here. 


Bel-air,  v.,  Kent  co.  Situate  on  the 
post-road,  8 m.  w.  of  Chestertown. 

Belinda  Spring,  v.,  Washington  co.  Si- 
tuate on  the  w.  side  of  Antietam  co.,  15  m. 
s.  of  Hagerstown. 

Bell  Mount,  p.  o..  Somerset  co. 

Beltsville,  p.  v.,  Prince  George  co.  Si- 
tuate on  the  w.  side  of  the  eastern  branch 
of  Potomac  River,  and  on  the  line  of  the 
Balt,  and  Washington  R.  R , 27  m.  s.  w.  of 
Baltimore  city,  18  n.  w.  of  Upper  Marlboro’, 
and  28  w.  s.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Benedict,  p.  v.,  Charles  co.  Situate  on 
the  w.  side  of  Patuxent  r.,  between  Swan- 
ton  and  Indian  creeks,  22  m.  e.  of  Port 
Tobacco,  and  59  s.  s.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Bennett’s  Creek,  Frederick  co.  A con- 
siderable stream  tributary  to  Monocacy  r., 
which  it  joins  8 m.  from  its  mouth. 

Benevola,  p.  v.,  Washington  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  turnpike,  8 m.  w.  n.  w.  of  Fred- 
erick city,  and  51  n.  w.  of  Annapolis.  The 
vicinity  is  unusually  fertile  and  flourishing. 

Berlin,  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situate  on  the 
n.  side  of  Potomac  r.,  on  the  line  of  Chesa- 
peake and  Ohio  Canal,  and  the  Balt,  and 
Ohio  R.  R.,  distant  14  m.  s.  w.  of  Frederick 
city,  and  76  w.  from  Baltimore. 

Berlin,  p.  v.,  Worcester  co.  Situate  near 
the  head  of  Trap  cr.,  23  m.  n.  n.  e.  of  Snow 
Hill,  and  123  s.  e.  of  Annapolis.  The  vi- 
cinity affords  one  of  the  finest  farming 
regions  in  the  whole  county. 

Bevansville,  v.,  Alleghany  co.  Situate 
on  the  Cumberland  and  Hancock  turnpike, 
where  it  crosses  Fifteen  Mile  Creek,  19  m. 
e.  of  Cumberland,  and  148  n.  w.  of  Anna- 
polis. 

Big  Elk  River,  Cecil  co.  A considerable 
stream  rising  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  and  flow- 
ing s.  into  Elk  r.,  which  it  joins  a little  n.  e. 
of  Elkton. 

BrG  Mills,  p.  o.,  Dorchester  co.  Situate 
on  Chicamacomico  cr.,  a branch  of  Trans- 
quaking  cr.,  14  m.  e.  of  Cambridge,  75  m. 
n.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Big  Patuxent  River.  A large  stream, 
the  main  branch  of  Patuxent  river,  or  more 


196 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


EDWARD  BURNS, 

FASIIMABLi  HAT  AND  Mf 

MANUFACTURER, 

S O <0  o X3L  tr  o <£*,  r Is.  o t Space, 

Wholesale  and  retail  dealer  in  Ladies’  Fancy  Furs,  Youths,  Boys  and 
Infants’  Velvet  Caps  of  all  descriptions.  Also  on  hand  a handsome  stock  of 
Summer  Hats,  Fall  Hats,  Winter  Hats  and  Spring  Hats. 

SAMUEL  O.  COCKEY,  late  with  C.  0.  O’Donnell.  R.  D.  SEMMES,  Late  with  J.  a Sloan. 

JS  ^2  3!^  jME  e£?  COCKEY/ 

DEALERS  IN  ALL  KINDS  OF 

WHITE  AND  BED  ASH  ANTHRACITE  AND  CUMBERLAND  COALS, 

LUMBER  ^.ISTJD  SHINGLE  AGENT'S, 

Office,  46  South  Gay  St.  opposite  Public  Store.  Yard,  S.  W.  Cor,  Fremont  (late  Cove)  & Pratt  Sts. 

{ ft 35=  We  respectfully  invite  your  attention  to  our  large  and  well  assorted  Stock  of  the  BEST  COALS,  for 
Family,  Foundry  and  Blacksmiths’  use. 

We  have  on  hand  a large  assortment  of  Shingles,  Laths,  Pickets,  Dressed  Flooring  and  Building 
Lumber. 

All  orders  from  the  Country  for  COAL  or  Lumber,  will  be  attended  to  with  promptness  and  dispatch. 

SAMUEL  HUNT, 

Static,  fiarness^Cnmli 

RMNiFACTQMER, 

No.  202  Baltimore  Street, 

BETWEEN  CHARLES  AND  ST.  PAUL  STREETS.  [See  Page  118. 


CHAS.  REESE  & CO. 


t Q&Q 


Corner  Eutaw  Street  and  Madison  Avenue. 


K.BRCHNER, 

Fashionable  Boot  and  Shoe  laker, 

INTO-  lie  WEST  FAYETTE  STREET, 

OPPOSITE  THE  LIBERTY  ENGINE  HOUSE, 

KKEPS  OX  1IAX  D A.XU  MAKES  XO  ORDER, 

0*8ftA  800S8,  SIB  AID  CIOVS  QAm&8, 

PATENT  LEATHER  AND  CALF  SKIN  BOOTS  AND  SHOES 

OF  ALL  DESCRIPTIONS,  WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL. 


BIG 


BRO 


properly  the  Patuxent  itself.  It  forms  the 
w.  boundary  of  Howard  co.  and  Anne 
Arundel  co.  in  its  whole  length. 

BrG  Pipe  Creek,  Carroll  co.  A tributary 
of  Sam’s  Creek  of  Monocacy  r.,  from  Parr’s 
Ridge. 

Bird’s  River,  Baltimore  co.  A large  arm 
of  Gunpowder  r. 

Black  Island,  Harford  co.  A small  isl- 
and of  Chesapeake  Bay,  off  the  e.  coast  of 
Swan  Neck. 

Black  Rock,  p.  o.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate 
on  the  w.  side  of  Black  Rock  r.,  20  m.  n.  of 
Baltimore  city,  and  49  m.  n.  of  Annapolis. 

Black  Rock  River,  Baltimore  co.  A 
branch  of  Great  Gunpowder  Falls,  from 
the  n.  w. 

Blackwater  Creek,  Dorchester  co.  A 
stream  emptying  into  Fishing  Bay.  Ex- 
tensive marshes  lie  upon  both  sides. 

Bladensburg,  p.  v.,  Prince  George  co. 
Situate  on  the  e.  side  of  the  Eastern  Branch 
of  Potomac  r.,  7 m.  n.  e.  of  Washington, 
D.  C.,  33  s.  w.  of  Baltimore,  13  n.  w.  of 
Upper  Marlboro’,  and  34  w.  of  Annapolis.  It 
lies  on  both  sides  of  the  Washington  Branch 
R.  R.  It  contains  three  churches,  an  academy, 
several  stores,  between  70  and  80  dwellings, 
and  about  400  inhabitants.  There  is  a min- 
eral spring  in  the  village.  The  American 
arms  sustained  a defeat  by  the  British  at 
this  place,  on  the  24th  August,  1814,  in  at- 
tempting to  arrest  the  progress  of  the  Brit- 
ish towards  Washington. 

Bloods  worth  Island,  Dorchester  co.  A 
large  island  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  separated 
from  the  main  land  by  Hooper’s  Strait. 

Bloomington,  v.,  Alleghany  co.  Situate 
near  the  junction  of  Savage  r.  with  the 
Potomac,  and  on  the  line  of  the  Balt,  and 
Ohio  R.  R.,  30  m.  s.  w.  of  Cumberland,  and 
196  w.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Blue  Ball,  p.  v.,  Cecil  co.  Situate  one 
mile  w.  of  Little  Elk  r.,  10  m.  n.  n.  w.  of 
Elkton,  and  81  n.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Blue  Ball,  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situate  on 
the  s.  side  of  Israel’s  Creek,  6 m.  e.  of 
Frederick  city. 

Bohemia  Manor,  Cecil  co.  A large  neck 
of  land  lying  between  Back  cr.  and  Bohe- 
mia r.,  So  named. 

Bohemia  River,  Cecil  co.  A consider- 
able stream,  tributary  to  Elk  r.,  into  which 
it  empties  11  m.  s.  of  Elkton. 

Bolingbroke  Creek,  Talbot  co.  A tribu- 
tary to  Choptank  r.,  from  the  n. 

Booxsboro’,  v.,  Caroline  co.  Situate  one 
mile  w.  of  Choptank  cr.,  and  7 m.  n.  of 
Denton. 

Boonsborough,  p.  v.,  Washington  co. 
Situate  at  the  w.  base  of  South  Mountain, 
and  4 m.  e.  of  Antietam  cr.,  on  the  Frede- 


rick turnpike,  10  m.  s.  e.  of  Hagerstown, 
and  91  m.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis.  In  1850,  it 
contained  944  inhabitants— white  persons, 
827  ; free  colored,  27 ; and  slaves,  90.  The 
“Odd  Fellow,”  a weekly  newspaper,  is 
published  in  Boonsborough. 

Braddock’s  Gap.  A natural  roadway  in 
South  Mountain,  10  m.  s.  e.  of  Hagers- 
town. 

Braddock’s  Run,  Alleghany  co.  A tribu- 
tary stream  to  Wills  Creek,  into  which  it 
empties  from  the  w.,  3 m.  n.  of  Cumber- 
land. 

Brandywine,  p.  v.,  Prince  George  co. 
Distant  13  m.  s.  s.  e.  of  Upper  Marlborough, 
and  30  s.  s.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Brereton,  v.,  Somerset  co. 

Brick  Meeting-house,  p.  o.,  Cecil  co. 
Situate  on  the  e.  side  of  the  West  Branch 
of  North-East  River,  12  m.  n.  w.  of  Elkton, 
and  78  n.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Bridgetown,  p.  v.,  Caroline  co.  Situate 
on  the  e.  side  of  Tuckahoe  cr.,  9 m.  e.  of 
Centreville,  and  14  n.  of  Denton. 

Bridgetown,  (or  Millington,)  v.,  Kent  co. 
Situate  on  the  n.  side  of  Chester  r.,  18  m.  e. 
of  Chestertown. 

Bridgeville,  p.  v.,  Dorchester  co. 

Briery  Mountain,  Alleghany  co.  One  of 
the  ridges  of  the  Alleghanies,  extending  in 
a direction  n.  and  s.  from  Youghiogeny  r., 
in  Pennsylvania,  to  Cheat  r.  in  Virginia, 
and  forming  part  of  the  west  boundary  of 
the  state  of  Maryland.  Altitude,  2,600  feet 
above  tide  water  of  Potomac  r. 

Bristol,  p.  v.,  Anne  Arundel  co.  Situate 
a little  s.  of  West  r.,  and  distant  14  m.  s.  s. 
w.  of  Annapolis. 

Britton’s  Bay,  St.  Mary’s  co.  An  inlet 
of  Potomac  r. 

Broad  Creek,  Harford  co.  A tributary 
of  Susquehanna  r.,  draining  the  n.  e.  sec- 
tion of  the  county. 

Broad  Creek,  Prince  George  co.  A tri- 
butary stream  of  Potomac  r.,  into  which  it 
empties  a few  miles  s.  of  Washington  city. 

Broad  Creek,  p.  o.,  Queen  Anne  co. 
Situate  on  a creek,  so  called,  on  the  west- 
. era  shore  of  Kent  Island,  almost  directly 
opposite  to  the  state  capital,  and  on  the 
main  post-road  thence  to  Centreville.  Dis- 
tant 12  m.  w.  s.  w.  of  Centreville,  and  14 

m.  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Broad  Creek,  Talbot  co.  A large  arm  of 
Chaptank  r. 

Brooklandville,  p.  o.,  Baltimore  co.  Si- 
tuate two  miles  w.  of  Jones’s  Falls,  10  m. 

n.  of  Baltimore  city.  It  is  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal stations  on  the  line  of  the  Westminster 
Branch  R.  R. 

Brookville,  p.  v.,  Montgomery  co.  Situ- 
ate on  Reedy  Branch,  a creek  of  Patuxent 


198 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


o jm: 


AND  SILVER  PLATING  MANUFACTORY, 

1ST  O - 13  LIGHT  STREET, 

Manufactures  to  order  and  keeps  constantly  on  hand,  Carriage  and  Harness  Mounting  of  every 
description;  also,  Coach  and  Leather  Varnishes  of  superior  quality,  at  Manufacturer’s  prices. 

WATCHES!  WATCHES!  WATCHES!! 

DOES  YOUR  WATCH  KEEP  TIME  ? 


159  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

OPPOSITE  THE  MUSEUM, 

And  ALEXANDER  will  make  it  keep 
time  if  it  is  possible,  or  exchange  it  for 
one  of  his  fine 

&€>»€>!  W« 

Which  he  will  Warrant  for  Four  Years 
Free  of  Cost. 

DIAMONDS  SET  IN  THE  FINEST  STYLE. 


Call  and  see  his  Stock  of  Jewelry, 
including  every  thing  rich  and  elegant  of 
the  latest  style,  Silver  WXre,  Plated 
Ware,  &c.  &c. 

J.  ALEXANDER, 
Formerly  of  J.  M.  French's , 

ROYAL  EXCHANGE,  LONDON. 


JOHN  P.  DEB  FORGES, 


P 


H Hi  ® 


Iff! 


wmw 


m 


jMjMJ Hisap 

£5  •QP  J&.  'X1  X O 3S3F  3EZ  H ,, 

BLANK  BOOK  MANUFACTURER, 

no.  s Norm  ciiarics  st. 

FIRST  DOOR  FROM  BALTIMORE  STREET  ON  WEST  SIDE. 

Printing  executed  on  the  premises  with  neatness  and  dispatch,  at  prices  which 
cannot  fail  to  please.  PERIODICALS  PUNCTUALLY  DELIVERED.  Agent 
for  Harper’s  and  Putnam’s  Magazines,  the  two  delivered  Six  Months  for  Two  Dol- 
lars and  a half , paid  in  advance. 


BRO 


CAL 


r. ,  11  m.  n.  n.  e.  of  Rockville,  and  64  n.  n.  w. 
of  Annapolis. 

Brotuerton,  p.  v.,  Anne  Arundel  co. 
Situate  on  s.  side  Severn  r.,  near  its  bead, 
10  m.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Brownsville,  p.  o.,  IVasbington  co.,  7 m. 

s.  of  Hagerstown,  and  95  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 
Beuceville,  p.  V.,  Can  oil  co.  Situate  on 

the  w.  side  of  Big  Pipe  Creek,  3 m.  above 
its  mouth  in  Sam’s  Creek,  1G  m.  w.  of 
Westminster,  and  79  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Bryaxtown,  p.  v.;  Charles  co.  Situate 
on  e.  side  of  Allen’s  Fresh  and  Zackiah 
Swamp,  10  m.  e.  n.  e.  of  Fort  Tobacco,  and 
69  s.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Bryaxtown,  v.,  Talbot  co.  Situate  a 
mile  s.  of  Wye  r.,  and  12  m.  n.  of  Easton. 

Buckey’s  Town.  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  w.  side  of  Monocacy  r.,  8 m. 
above  its  mouth.  6 s.  of  Frederick  city,  and 
81  n.  w.  of  Annapolis.  The  Balt,  and  Ohio 


R.  R.  passes  by  the  village,  63  m.  w.  cf 
Baltimore. 

Bucktown,  v.,  Dorchester  co.  Situate  on 
the  w.  side  of  Transquaking  cr.,  12  m.  s.  s.  e. 
of  Cambridge. 

Buena  Vista,  p.  o.,  Prince  George’s  co. 

Bup.rittsville,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situ- 
ate at  the  e.  base  of  South  Mountain,  on 
Ciamp ton’s  Gap  road,  12  m.  w.  of  Fred- 
erick city,  and  92  m.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Buresville,  p.  v.,  Caroline  co.  Situate 
near  the  state  line,  6 m.  e.  of  Denton,  and 
71  e.  of  Annapolis. 

Eusn  Creek,  Frederick  co.  A stream 
flowing  from  Parr’s  Ridge  to  Monocacy  r. 

Busn  Neck,  Harford  co.  The  large 
peninsula  on  the  west  side  of  Bush  r. 

Busn  River,  Harford  co.  A large  inlet 
of  Chesapeake  Bay,  receiving  several  fine 
streams  from  the  north. 

Butler,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co. 


CALVERT  COE NT Y occupies  a long  narrow  strip  or  peninsula,  lying  between  Chesa- 
peake Bay  and  Patuxent  river,  being  separated  from  Anne  Arundel  county  on  the  north, 
by  Lyon’s  cr.  and  Fishing  Bay.  Its  superficies  contains  only  153,400  acres,  it  being  the 
smallest  county,  except  the  new  county  of  Howard,  within  the  state.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating, and  declines  from  a central  divide  towards  the  waters  forming  its  boundaries, 
into  which  numerous  small  creeks  disembogue.  In  the  n.  e.  Fishing  Bay  forms  a deep 
indentation  of  the  coast,  and  there  are  several  inlets,  more  or  less  expansive,  on  the  s.  w. 
coast;  but  in  its  longitudinal  dimensions,  it  presents  a smooth  front  to  the  waters.  The 
soil  is  usually  a soft  fine  mould,  well  adapted  to  the  culture  of  tobacco,  corn,  wheat,  rye, 
oats,  &c.,  and  the  drainage  is  excellent.  Oak,  chestnut,  cedar,  pine  and  locust  are  the 
natural  timbers,  and  fruit  trees  of  various  kinds  are  abundant.  Marl,  which  is  found  in 
almost  all  parts  of  the  county,  is  used  as  the  common  fertilizer.  No  rocks  or  minerals, 
except  perhaps  bog  iron  and  alumina,  are  found.  The  climate  is  warm  and  moist,  but  it 
is  not  accounted  insalubrious. 

This  county  was  settled  by  English  Puritans  in  1650,  under  Richard  Brooke,  who  ob- 
tained from  Lord  Baltimore  some  special  privileges  for  immigrants  of  this  persuasion.  It 
was  at  first  called  Charles  county,  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  grant ; but  in 
1654  the  order  for  the  erection  of  Charles  county  was  revoked  by  Gov.  Stone,  and  Calvert 
county  established  in  its  stead.  It  has  been  the  least  progressive  of  all  the  comities ; in 
1790,  it  contained  8,G52  inhabitants;  in  1820,  8,073 ; in  1830,  8,889 ; in  1840,  9,229 ; and 
in  1850,  9,616 ; of  which,  3,630  were  white  persons,  1,530  free  colored  persons,  and 
4,486  slaves;  and  of  this  population,  omitting  slaves,  5,141  were  American  born,  and  13 
natives  of  foreign  countries.  Dwellings,  1,006;  families,  1,008.  Births  in  the  year  ending 
June  1,  1850,  226 ; marriages,  17 ; deaths,  91.  Deaf  and  dumb,  2 ; blind,  5 ; insane,  1 ; 
and  idiotic,  2. 

In  1850,  there  were  in  the  county  434  farms  and  plantations,  covering  65,980  acres 
improved  land  and  45,611  unimproved  land,  together  valued  at  $1,534,050.  Value  of 
farming  implements  and  machinery,  $34,938.  The  live  stock  owned  was — horses,  1,773  ; 
asses  and  mules,  174 ; milch  cows,  1,459 ; working  oxen,  1,640 ; other  cattle,  2,266 ; 
sheep,  5,297 ; and  swine,  9,350,  which  was  valued  at  $160,496.  The  products  of  agricul- 
ture consisted  of — wheat,  67,489  bushels  ; rye,  2,492  ; Indian  corn,  351,890  ; oats,  23,644 ; 
peas  and  beans,  130  ; Irish  potatoes,  2,G58 ; and  sweet  potatoes,  1,740  bushels  ; tobacco, 
the  staple  of  the  county,  3,109,258  pounds;  and  hay,  112  tons;  wool,  14,773  pounds ; 
butter,  26,787  pounds;  and  animals  slaughtered  to  the  value  of  $46,864.  Home  manu- 
factured goods  were  produced  to  the  value  of  $5,941. 

Not  a single  industrial  establishment,  producing  to  the  value  of  $500  a year,  is  found 
within  the  county.  The  average  monthly  wages  of  a farm  hand  with  board,  is  $4  50, 
and  day  laborers  earn  62  cents  without,  and  44  cents  with  board.  Carpenters  average 
$1  12  per  diem,  and  the  weekly  wages  with  board  of  female  domestics  is  44  cents.  The 
price  of  board  for  laboring  men  averages  $1  37  a week. 


200 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


SAMUEL  G-.  ACTQXf, 

PRACTICAL 


No.  107  NORTH  HOWARD  STREET, 


Mo,  03 

AND  670  WEST  BALTIMORE  STREET. 


He  has  taken  the  above  stands  and  is  now 
prepared  to  do  all  kinds  of  work  in  his  line, 
in  the  most  approved  manner.  He  offers  his 
services  to  those  who  desire  work  done  with 
confidence  of  giving  satisfaction,  and  can  ap- 
peal to  hundreds  of  the  community  for  the 
faithful  manner  in  which  he  has  executed  all 
orders  with  which  he  has  been  favored  for  the 
past  6 years. 


STORES,  DWELLINGS,  CHURCHES  AND  FACTORIES, 


fitted  up  in  a workmanlike  manner  and  on  reasonable  terms,  and  warranted  to 
please.  He  has  constantly  on  hand  a large  assortment  of 


ALSO  A LARGE  ASSORTMENT  OF 

SOLAR,  CA1V EIPIKEIN-ZE  J±.JST3D 


AND  ALL.  KINDS  OP 


GAS  AND  LAMP  SHADES, 

With  every  thing  in  his  line.  All  work  warranted.  Jobbing  promptly 

attended  to. 


s.  a.  ACTON. 


CAM 


CAR 


The  assessed  value  of  real  and  personal  estate  in  the  county  on  the  1st  June,  1850,  was 
$2,151,952,  (true  value,  $2,474,096) ; and  the  taxation  raised  thereon  amounted  to 
$14,950,  viz. : state  tax,  $5,379  ; county  tax,  $9,038 ; and  school  tax,  $533.  Paupers  in 
the  county,  60;  annual  cost,  $1,000;  convicts,  1. 

On  1st  June,  1850,  there  were  only  12  primary  and  public  schools  and  two  u academies” 
in  the  whole  county.  The  primary  schools  were  provided  with  one  teacher  each,  and  in 
the  aggregate,  had  320  scholars,  but  580  had  attended  school  within  the  year:  cost, 
$3,866,  of  which  $533  was  produced  from  endowment  funds ; $533  from  taxation ; 
$1,500  from  public  funds ; and  $1,300  from  other  sources.  The  academies  had  also  only 
one  teacher  each,  and  together  had  55  pupils : cost  in  1849-50,  $446,  of  which  sum 
$266  was  received  from  public  funds,  and  $180  from  other  sources.  There  are  no  public 
or  school  libraries  in  Calvert,  and  only  four  private  libraries  containing  7,000  volumes.  A 
newspaper  is  published  weekly  at  the  county  seat.  White  “ adults  who  cannot  read  and 
write,”  358 — 357  natives  and  1 foreigner. 

The  county  contained  at  the  date  assumed,  11  churches,  capable  of  accommodating 
7,400  persons,  and  the  value  of  church  property  was,  $27,400  : 7 Methodist  churches 
could  seat  4,600  persons,  and  4 Episcopal  churches,  2,800  persons. 

Prince  Fredericktown  is  the  county  seat  of  justice,  and  the  following  are  the  principal 
villages  and  post-offices : Chestnut  Hill,  Dunkirk,  Huntington,  Lower  Marlborough,  Port 
Republic,  St.  Leonards,  &c. 


Cambridge,  co.  seat  and  p.  o.,  Dorchester 
co.  Situate  on  the  s.  side  of  Choptank  r., 
which  is  here  two  miles  wide,  12  m.  from 
Chesapeake  Bay ; lat.  38°  40',  n.,  and  long. 
1°  03'  e.  of  Washington,  D.  C.  It  contains 


a court-house,  county  jail,  an  academy,  three 
churches,  and  some  fine  houses.  Two 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Distant  61  m.  s.  of  Annapolis,  and  101  s.  e. 
of  Washington.  Pop.  300. 


CAROLINE  COUNTY  is  a small  district  of  198,400  acres,  lying  between  Choptank 
river  and  the  Delaware  state  line.  The  surface  is  level,  and  the  soil  somewhat  varied  in 
its  nature,  but  mostly  sandy.  Its  drainage  is  through  several  branches  of  the  Choptank 
and  Marshy  Hope  creek,  a long  branch  of  Nanticoke  river  rising  in  the  neighboring  state, 
and  crossing  this  county  in  its  s.  e.  portion.  No  important  rocks  or  minerals  are  found ; 
but  marl,  which  the  farmers  use  as  a fertilizer,  is  abundant.  White  and  black  oak,  hickory 
and  pine,  are  the  prevailing  natural  timbers.  This  county  was  settled  in  the  beginning  of 
the  17th  century,  and  was  organized  by  an  act  of  the  colonial  assembly  in  1773,  having 
previously  been  governed  as  a part  of  Frederick  county,  which  originally  covered  the 
greater  portion  of  the  state.  Deprived  of  all  extraordinary  advantages  of  position,  and 
with  a soil  none  of  the  best,  the  population  has  never  been  much  increased  by  immigra- 
tion invited  by  an  improveable  country ; and  hence  a natural  increase  has  been  the  only 
recuperation  it  has  had  to  depend  upon  for  inhabitants.  In  1790,  the  population  was 
9,506;  in  1820,  it  had  increased  to  10,108;  in  1830,  it  was  9,070;  in  1840,  7,806;  and 
in  1850,  9,692 ; of  which  6,096  were  white  persons,  2,788  free  colored  persons,  and  808 
slaves.  Only  10  persons  of  foreign  birth  were  found  in  the  county  by  the  takers  of  the 
7th  census.  Deaf  and  dumb,  2 ; blind,  4 ; insane,  3 ; and  idiotic,  9.  Slaves — manumitted  1, 
and  fugitive  3. 

The  whole  number  of  farms  in  1850  was  730,  which  included  117,300  acres  of  improved 
land,  and  54,801  of  unimproved  land,  valued  together  at  $1,105,295 ; and  the  value  of 
farming  implements  and  machinery  was  $32,932.  The  live-stock  consisted  of  1,881 
horses,  180  asses  and  mules,  1,870  milch  cows,  1,141  working  oxen,  2,863  other  cattle, 
3,570  sheep,  and  9,218  swine  ; valued  together  at  $167,365  ; and  the  products  of  animals 

were — wool,  9,297  pounds ; butter,  41,864  pounds  ; and  cheese, ; and  the  value  of 

animals  slaughtered,  1849-50,  was  $40,367.  The  products  of  the  soil  were — wheat, 
42,879  bushels ; rye,  13,708;  Indian  corn,  355,520;  oats,  17,422:  Irish  potatoes,  11,386; 
and  sweet  potatoes,  6,478  bushels;  the  value  of  orchard  products,  $580;  hay,  50  tons; 
and  flax,  45  pounds.  The  value  of  home-made  manufactures  was  $593. 

No  industrial  establishments,  producing  annually  to  the  value  of  $500,  exist  in  tho 
county. 

The  average  monthly  wages  of  a farm  hand  with  board,  are  $6 ; average  wages  of  a 
day-laborer  with  board,  35  cents,  and  without  board,  50 ; average  day  wages  of  a car- 
penter without  board,  $1  25 ; weekly  wages  of  a female  domestic  with  board,  75.  Price 
of  board  to  laboring  men,  $1  50  per  week. 

The  total  value  of  all  personal  and  real  estate  in  the  county  in  1850,  was  $1,421,826, 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


202 


IMPROVED  PATENT  CIRCULAR 


GEORGE  PAGE  & CO. 


NORTH  SCHROEDER  STREET, 

NEAR  WEST  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

Respectfully  inform  their  friends  and  the  public  generally,  that  they  have  greatly 
enlarged  their  Manufacturing  Establishment,  and  that  they  have  now  such 
facilities  as  will  enable  them  to  execute  all  orders  with  promptness,  for  their 
justly  celebrated 

PATENT  PORTABLE  CIRCULAR  SAW  MILLS, 

Which  have  given  such  universal  satisfaction  throughout  the  Union.  They 
manufacture  three  Sizes  or  Classes  of  Mills, — Also  STEAM  POWERS  of  all 
sizes  and  hinds,  as  Stationery  and  Portable , and  received  the  Premium  of  a Gold 
Medal  therefor,  at  the  late  Pair  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute,  for  their  superior  ex- 
cellence. Among  their  Portable  Engines  is  one  of  Ten  Horse  Power,  gotten  up 
expressly  for  Plantation  and  Farm  purposes,  viz  : for  Sawing  Lumber,  Grinding, 
Thrashing,  &c.,  and  is  emphatically  a Portable  Machine,  calculated  to  be  hauled 
by  4 or  6 horses  any  where.  They  also  manufacture 


HORSE  POWERS  OF  THREE  SIZES, 

CRIST  SM  3£  3E*  3L*  S 

OF  VARIOUS  SIZES, 

Which  received  a Silver  Medal  from  the  Mechanic’s  Institute,  and  have  been 
approved  of  by  every  purchaser.  Their  smallest  sized  one  is  eminently  adapted 
to  Plantation  and  Farm  purposes.  They  are  Agents  for 

SHIMfiSsS  AS®" 

And  manufacture  various  other  Machines  and  Implements  for  economizing  labor. 
They*  have  made  many  improvements  upon  their  Circular  Saw  Mills  since  they 
were  first  invented,  and  which  render  them  now  perfect  in  all  their  details  and 
justly  entitle  them  to  rank  first  among  the  labor-saving  machines  of  the  age. 

As  the  Patent  Right  of  their  Saw  Mills  is  the  joint  property  of  the  concern, 
no  assignment  or  transfer  of  any  right  or  rights,  will  be  valid  unless  signed  by  a 
majority  of  the  members  of  the  firm. 

A pamphlet  descriptive  of  their  several  classes  of  Mills,  prices,  terms,  capa- 
city for  Sawdng,  and  of  their  Engines  and  other  Machinery,  will  be  sent  to  any 
gentleman  applying  by  letter  for  the  same. 

JfST*  They  warn  all  persons  from  infringing  their  Patent  Rights,  as  they  are 
determined  to  prosecute  all  offenders.  Address 


(See  Page  204.) 


GEORGE  PAGE  & CO. 

North  Schroeder  Street,  near  Baltimore  St.,  Balt. 


CAR 


CAR 


and  the  assessed  taxation,  $11,4-97,  of  which  $3,615  was  state  tax,  and  $7,882  county  tax* 
The  number  of  paupers  supported  during  the  year,  and  on  the  list  on  the  1st  June,  1850, 
was  74,  supported  at  an  annual  cost  of  $1,300.  No  convictions  are  recorded  for  the  same 
year. 

There  were  in  the  county  on  1st  June,  1850,  25  primary  aud  public  schools,  with 
25  teachers  and  518  scholars:  cost,  $6,064,  of  which  $4,546  was  provided  from  the 
county  funds,  and  $1,518  from  other  sources.  The  whole  number  of  children  that  had 
attended  school  during  the  year,  was  SS7.  There  is  neither  college  nor  academy  in  the 
county.  11  Adults,  who  cannot  read  and  write,”  (slaves  excluded,)  numbered  1,367 — 
namely,  403  white  persons,  and  964  free  colored  persons,  equal  to  one-seventh  of  the 
adult  whites,  and  all  the  adult  free  colored. 

The  whole  number  of  churches  was  21,  capable  of  accommodating  8.870  persons,  and 
the  value  of  church  property  was  $7,650:  2 Friends’  churches  could  seat  350  persons;  16 
Methodist,  7,950 ; 2 Presbyterian,  370  ; and  1 Roman  Catholic,  200.  It  is  worthy  of  re- 
mark in  this  connection,  that  this  is,  perhaps,  the  only  county  in  the  United  States,  and 
certainly  in  Maryland,  in  which  the  value  of  church  property  is  less  than  one  dollar  per 
head  of  the  population ; and  that  only  one  other  county  in  Maryland  is  entirely  destitute 
of  an  academy,  or  higher  school  than  those  denominated  primary  and  public.  Truly,  re<- 
ligion  and  education  require  some  stimulus  in  this  region. 

Denton  is  the  county  seat  of  justice,  and  the  following  are  villages  and  post-offices : — 
Bridgetown,  Burrsville,  Federalsburgh,  Greensborough,  Hillsborough,  New  Hope,  Upper 
Hunting  Creek. 

CARROLL  COUNTY  is  situate  in  the  north  part  of  the  state,  between  the  counties  of 
Baltimore  and  Frederick,  and  extends  north  and  south  from  the  state  line  to  the  west 
branch  of  Patapsco  river.  Its  superficies  contains  295,680  acres.  Parr’s  Ridge,  a moun- 
tain of  some  elevation,  traverses  the  county  in  a direction  n.  e.  and  s.  w.,  and  forms  the 
water-shed  dividing  the  streams  falling  into  Patapsco  r.  and  Chesapeake  Bay,  from  those 
flowing  to  the  Monocacy  and  Potomac  rivers.  The  surface  is  generally  hilly  and  rocky, 
and  the  soils  thin,  but  there  is  much  good  farming  laud,  with  fine  streams.  Wheat  and 
oats  are  the  cereal  staples ; grazing,  however,  the  chief  employment.  The  principal  water- 
courses are  the  branches  of  Patapsco  river  and  a number  of  fine  streams  tributary  to  Mono- 
cacy river,  on  most  of  which  excellent  mill  sites  are  found.  The  water  of  this  county  is 
remarkably  pure  and  good.  Iron  and  copper  ores  are  found  in  many  parts,  and  some 
mining  operations  have  been  carried  on.  Chestnut,  oak  and  hickory  are  the  principal 
timber  growth. 

The  earliest  settlement  within  Carroll  was  made  about  the  year  1700,  but  it  was  not 
Organized  into  a separate  county  until  1836,  when  by  an  act  of  the  legislature  it  was 
taken  from  Baltimore  aud  Frederick  counties.  In  1840  it  contained  17,241  inhabitants, 
and  in  1850.  20,616,  namely:  18,667  white  persons,  974  free  colored  persons,  and  975 
slaves;  and  of  this  population,  the  slaves  excluded,  17,276  were  born  in  Maryland,  1,611 
in  other  parts  of  the  Union,  and  754  in  foreign  counties.  Number  of  dwellings  3,476,  and 
of  families  3,593.  Births  during  1849-50,  4-34 ; marriages,  96 ; and  deaths,  168.  Deaf 
and  dumb,  8;  blind,  14;  insane,  11;  and  idiotic,  22. 

The  county  in  1850  contained  1,387  farms,  which  covered  153,519  acres  improved  land, 
and  65,252  acres  unimproved  land,  valued  at  $5,337,282.  The  value  of  farming  imple- 
ments and  machinery  was  $203,298.  The  amount  of  live  stock  is  comparatively  large,  and 
consisted  of — horses,  5,027 ; asses  and  mules,  34 ; milch  cows,  6,483 ; working  oxen,  58 ; other 
cattle,  3,044 ; sheep,  6,557 ; and  swine,  19.227 ; valued  in  the  aggregate  at  $493,547.  The 
crops  of  1849-50  consisted  of — wheat,  265,007  bushels;  rye,  27,378;  Indian  corn,  343,008; 
oats,  223,179;  and  buckwheat,  5,765 ; Irish  potatoes,  48,002  bushels;  and  sweet  potatoes,  434 
bushels;  tobacco,  165.332  pounds;  wine,  99  gallons;  hay,  20,771  tons;  clover  seed,  2,271 
bushels,  and  other  grass  seed,  450  bushels ; dew-rotted  hemp,  30  tons ; flax,  3,696  pounds ; 
and  flax-seed,  394  bushels ; bees- wax  and  honey,  1 .900  pounds,  &c.  The  value  of  the  pro- 
ducts of  orchards  was  $11,166.  The  principal  products  of  animals  consisted  of — butter 
444,759  pounds,  or  more  than  one-tenth  the  product  of  the  state,  and  cheese  1,150 
pounds;  wool  14.711  pounds;  and  the  value  of  animals  slaughtered  was  $186,246.  The 
value  of  home-made  manufactures  was  $3,303. 

The  products  of  the  manufactures  consist  principally  of  flour,  leather,  cotton,  and 
woolen  goods,  paper,  earthenware,  &c.  In  1850  there  were  in  the  county  121  industrial 
establishments ; capital  invested  $246.800 ; hands  employed — males  324,  and  females  33  ; 
average  monthly  wages  paid,  $6,047,  and  value  of  products,  $352,369 ; 30  flour  mills  em- 


204 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


PAGE’S  IMPROVED  PATENT 

emeu 


(SEE  PAGE  202.) 


CAR 


CE  C 


ployed  50  hands  and  produced  to  the  value  of  $96,350  a year;  20  tanneries  employed 
57  hands  and  produced  $99,315;  1 cotton  factory  employed  40  hands  and  produced 
$24,000;  6 woolen  factories  employed  18  hands  and  manufactured  to  the  value  of 
$12,790  : and  besides  these  there  were  also  3 agricultural  implement  factories,  17  black- 
smith shops,  6 boot  and  shoe  factories,  1 clothier’s  shop,  2 potteries,  1 hat  and  cap  fac- 
tory, 1 lime  kiln,  1 bark  mill,  9 gristmills,  4 paper  mills,  2 copper  mines,  1 iron  mine,  6 
saddleries,  1 soapstone  quarry,  1 stone-cutting  shop  and  3 tinneries. 

The  average  wages  of  farm  hands  with  board  are  $10  per  month  ; of  day- laborers  with 
board  50  cents,  and  without  board  75  cents ; of  a carpenter  $1  per  day,  and  of  a female 
domestic  with  board  62  cents  per  week  The  average  price  ot  board  for  laboring  men 
is  $1  50  per  week. 

The  Baltimore  and  Ohio  R.  R.  passes  through  the  southern  part  of  this  county,  taking 
the  course  of  the  West  Branch  of  Patapsco  river ; and  good  turnpikes  diverge  from  West- 
minster— s.  e.  towards  Baltimore,  n.  w.  towards  Taneytown,  and  n.  towards  Carlisle,  Pa, 

The  value  of  real  and  personal  estate  in  1850  was  $6,629,812,  and  the  amount  of  taxes 
assessed  thereon  was  $30,834,  of  which  $17,356  was  state  tax,  and  $13,478  county  tax. 
The  number  of  paupers  supported  during  1840-50  was  107,  at  an  aggregate  cost  to  the 
county  of  $3,526.  Convicts  during  the  same  year,  3 — 2 natives  and  1 foreigner. 

The  county  had  31  primary  and  public  schools,  with  31  teachers  and  708  scholars  : cost 
$4,740  per  annum;  12  academies  and  other  schools  with  16  teachers  and  252  pupils  : 
cost  $5,565  per  annum;  and  1 college  with  5 teachers  and  30  students  : cost  $3,000  per 
annum.  The  whole  number  of  children  attending  the  schools  during  the  year  had  been 
2,706 — 1,528  males  and  1,178  females.  u Adults  who  cannot  read  and  write,”  314 — 129 
white  persons  and  185  free  colored  persons.  The  libraries  in  the  county  numbered  70, 
and  7,740  volumes,  64  of  which  were  private,  5 Sunday  school  libraries  and  1 college 
library,  the  latter  containing  300  volumes.  There  are  two  newspapers  published  at 
Westminstei. 

There  were  40  churches  in  the  county  capable  of  containing  20,300  persons,  and  the 
value  of  church  property  was  $56,800 ; the  Baptists  had  2 churches,  the  Epicopalians  3, 
the  Friends  1,  the  German  Reformed  1,  the  Lutherans  6,  the  Methodists  17,  the  Presby- 
terians 3,  the  Roman  Catholics  2,  the  Union  or  Free  church  3,  the  Tunkers  1,  and  the 
Church  of  God  1.  None  ol  these  separately  can  accommodate  more  than  800  persons. 

Westminster  is  the  county  seat  of  justice,  and  the  following  are  the  principal  villages 
and  post-offices : Bachman’s  Mills,  Brueeville,  Double  Pipe  Creek,  Finksburgh,  Frank- 
lin ville,  Freedom,  Hampstead,  Hood’s  Mills,  Houck’s  Store,  McKinstry’s  Mills,  Kroh’s 
Mills,  Manchester,  Middleburgh,  Mount  Airy,  New  Windsor,  Piney  Creek,  Porter’s, 
Ridgeville,  Sam’s  Creek,  Sykesville,  Taneytown,  Union  Bridge,  Union  Mills,  Uniontown, 
Wakefield,  Warfieldburgh,  Winfield,  Woodbine,  &c. 


Carroll’s  Island,  Baltimore  co.  A nen- 
insula  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  between  Salt- 
petre cr.  and  Gar  Gut,  12  m.  e.  of  Baltimore 
city. 

Carter’s,  v.,  Carroll  co.  Situate  near  the 
head  of  Piney  Branch  of  Patapsco  r.,  10  m. 
s.  w.  of  Westminster. 

Catonsville,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate 
two  miles  n.  of  Patapsco  r.,  8 m.  w.  of  Bal- 
timore city,  and  36  n.  of  Annapolis. 

Catoctin  Furnace,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Sit- 
uate on  the  n.  side  of  Little  Hunting  cr., 
about  12  m.  n.  of  Frederick  city,  and  87  n.  w. 
of  Annapolis. 

Catoctin  Mountain,  Frederick  co.  A 


high  ridge  of  the  Alleghanies,  traversing 
this  county  in  a direction  n.  and  s.  Nume- 
rous fine  streams  rising  on  its  slopes  are 
tributaries  to  Monocacy  r.  and  Catoctin  cr. 

Catoctin  River,  Frederick  co.  Flows 
through  the  valley  between  South  and  Ca- 
toctin Mountains,  from  which  it  has  nume- 
rous tributary  streams  which  rise  on  their 
slopes.  It  is  a fine  milling  stream,  and  falls 
into  Potomac  r.,  a little  w.  of  Point  of 
Rocks. 

Cavetown,  p.  v.,  Washington  co.  Situate 
on  Cave  Branch  of  Beaver  Creek,  8 m.  e. 
of  Hagerstown,  and  103  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 
In  1850  it  contained  167  inhabitants. 


CECIL  COUNTY  occupies  the  n.  e.  corner  of  the  state,  e.  of  Susquehanna  river, 
and  n.  of  Sassafras  river,  and  contains  a superficies  of  230,400  acres.  It  has  great 
advantages  of  position,  and  is  traversed  by  the  great  southern  line  of  rail-road ; and  its 
water-front  and  inland  navigable  rivers  are  extensive  and  available  for  commerce. 
North  East  r.,  Elk  r.,  Back  cr.,  Bohemia  r.,  and  Sassafras  r.,  arms  of  the  Chesapeake,  are 
the  principal  streams,  and  afford  both  mill  power  and  navigation.  The  Chesapeake  and 
Delaware  Canal  has  its  w.  terminus  in  Back  cr.  The  surface  of  Cecil  county  is  generally 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


206 


Gro  QUAILp 


w a w*  m & m 


AND 


LADIES’  FUR 

lEUVEIP  OIRITTUVE, 

No,  280  'VS7,esst  :E®:r£*.tt  street 


9 


CHARLES 

S17  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

Importer  antr  <E231)o  legale  anti  Betatl  Scaler  tn 

mm  smimm, 

Fancy  Goods,  Watch  Tools  & Materials. 

(See  Page  174.) 


BUMS  8c  SLOAN, 


Corner  of  Eutaw  and  German  Streets. 


FREDERICK  EVANS, 


MANUFACTURER  OF 


MEAT  SAFES,  WATER  COOLERS, 


TTTBS,  BUCKETS, 

AsidL  Otlior  House  Heeping  Articles,  c&c. 

No.  294  WEST  PRATT  STREET. 

EGGERT  & BOBETH, 

270  '^7r:H2S»BP  PRATT  STR  3E3  3E3  *1?  , 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

fettb  aitb  Square  Jliuutrs, 

And  Inventors  of  the  distinguished  American 

GRA.ND  PIANO, 

Which  was  exhibited  at  the  Maryland  Institute  Fair, 
and  which  elicited  such  universal  admiration  and  the 
award  of  the  Committee.  All  Instruments  manufactured 
by  us  are  in  the  most  durable  and  tasteful  manner,  with 
a powerful  and  agreeable  touch  and  tone. 

A complete  stock  for  selection  and  sale,  with  a guar- 
antee which  will  give  entire  satisfaction. 


W A R 


WAS 


Great  Gunpowder  Fulls,  15  m.  n.  of  Balti- 
more  city,  and  45  n.  of  Annapolis. 

Warrior  Mountain,  Alleghany  co.  A 
ridge  of  the  Alleghanies  passing  through 
the  eastern  part  of  the  county. 


Warwick,  p.  v.,  Cecil  co.  Situate  at 
the  head  of  Little  Bohemia  r.,  15  m.  s. 
of  Elkton,  and  73  n.  n.  e.  of  Anna- 
polis. 


WASHINGTON  COUNTY  occupies  a large  and  valuable  tract  in  the  western  portion 
of  the  state,  and  is  bounded  n.  by  Pennsylvania  state  line,  e.  by  South  Mountain,  s.  by 
Potomac  r.,  and  w.  by  Sideling  Hill  Creek.  Demarked  by  the  windings  of  the  Potomac, 
the  southern  boundary  is  exceedingly  irregular,  and  the  width  of  the  county  n.  and  s. 
varies  in  consequence  from  3 to  30  miles.  Within  these  limits  the  area  is  331,520  acres. 
The  surface  is  partly  mountainous  and  broken,  but  the  intervals  are  wide  and  finely  un- 
dulating. The  principal  valleys  are  those  through  which  Antietam,  Conecocheague,  and 
other  creeks  flow  to  Potomac  river.  Lime  and  slate  are  the  chief  rocks  of  the  county. 
The  most  fertile  lands  are  bas^d  on  limestone,  the  soils  formed  on  the  slate  rock  being 
usually  thin.  These,  as  well  as  the  light  soils  at  the  foot  of  the  ridges,  to  which  the  sand- 
stone has  contributed  silicious  particles,  are*  susceptible  of  high  improvement  by  lime, 
which  has  been  extensively  used.  Iron  ore  is  deposited  in  some  parts.  The  springs  in 
this  county  are  of  calcareous,  sulphureous,  chalybeate,  and  soft  mountain  water.  The 
natural  timbers  consist  of  oaks  of  various  species,  hickory,  walnut,  locust,  elm,  cherry, 
chestnut,  sycamore,  maple,  and  some  pine,  of  which  large  tracts  still  exist.  As  an  agricul- 
tural county  no  portion  of  the  state  is  its  superior,  and  it  has  many  advantages  for  manu- 
factures and  internal  commerce.  For  grazing  it  is  pre-eminently  well  adapted,  its  rich 
grasses  affording  nutritious  food  for  large  herds  of  cattle  and  horses. 

Washington  county  was  organized  by  the  Convention  of  1776,  and  was  named  after 
the  great  leader  of  the  American  armies,  whose  fame  was  then  in  the  dawn  of  its  bril- 
liancy. Its  territory  was  taken  from  Frederick  county.  The  first  grant  of  land  in  this 
county  is  dated  1732,  and  the  original  settlers  were  Germans  from  Pennsylvania,  and 
emigrants  from  the  eastern  counties  of  Maryland.  In  1790  it  contained  15,822  inhabi- 
tants ; fin  1820,  23,075;  in  1840,  28,850;  and  in  1850,  30,848,  of  which  26,930  were 
white  persons,  1,828  free  colored  persons,  and  2,090  slaves ; and  of  the  population,  exclu- 
sive of  slaves,  24,516  were  natives  of  Maryland,  3,188  of  other  parts  of  the  Union,  and 
1,054  of  foreign  countries.  Dwellings,  5,052  ; and  families,  5,182.  Births  in  1849-50, 
943;  marriages,  201 ; and  deaths,  362.  Deaf  and  dumb,  4;  blind,  17;  insane,  34;  and 
idiotic,  26.  Slaves,  fugitive,  15. 

The  county  contained  in  1850,  1,292  farms,  covering  159,851  acres  improved  and 
60,878  acres  unimproved  lands,  valued  at  $8,419,596 ; and  the  value  of  farming  imple- 
ments and  machinery  was  $182,346.  The  amount  of  live  stock  on  the  1st  June,  1850, 
was — horses,  6,166;  asses  and  mules,  4;  milch  cows,  5,835;  working  oxen,  12;  other 
cattle,  7,224 ; sheep,  9,736 ; and  swine,  24,345,  valued  at  $568,680 ; and  the  products  of 
animals  in  1849-50  were — wool,  35,601  pounds ; butter,  341,798  pounds  ; and  the  value  of 
animals  slaughtered,  $141,736.  The  products  of  the  soil  for  the  same  year  consisted  of— 
wheat,  809,093  bushels ; rye,  32,940 ; Indian  corn,  368,056 ; oats,  102,869 ; barley,  82  ; 

buckwheat,  239;  peas  and  beans, ; Irish  potatoes,  22,460,  and  sweet  potatoes,  48 

bushels;  also  hay,  14,860  tons;  clover-seed,  1,988  bushels;  and  other  grass-seed,  679 
bushels  ; hops,  29  pounds ; flax-seed,  3 bushels ; orchard  products  in  value,  $8,217 ; wine, 
5 gallons ; market-garden  products  in  value,  $100 ; and  the  amount  of  beeswax  and 
honey  collected  was  244  pounds. 

The  number  of  industrial  establishments  in  the  county  was,  in  1850,  169 ; and  the 
amount  of  capital  invested  therein,  $726,378  ; value  of  raw  material  consumed  in  1849-50, 
$1,283,675;  average  number  of  hands  employed — males,  642,  and  females,  88;  average 
monthly  cost  of  male  labor,  $12,441,  and  of  female  labor,  $558 ; value  of  annual  products, 
$1,859,993.  The  principal  branches  and  the  statistics  of  each,  as  furnished  in  the  census 
of  1850,  are  as  follows : 


Branches. 

Number. 

Capital. 

Val.  of  Material. 

Hands. 

Val.  of  Products. 

Distilleries 

6 

.$25,649 

Factories — file 

1 

17,000 

20 

“ nail 

24,000 

24 

“ woolen 

Forges 

19.000 

12  ... 

Furnaces 

9 

40,000 

Foundries 

9 

31,000... 

12,610 

S3  . 

Mills — flour 

. . ....1,002,888 

108 

1 30Q  4)0 

“ roliinor _ . 

..  ..i 

25,000.. . 

Tanneries 

284 


FREDERICK  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


[HUNTS  LABORATORY. 


GENERAL 

AGENT 


FOR 


3-11  % most 


CELEBRATED 


THE  ONLY 

HOUSE 

OF 

®|o  Itintr 

IN 


PUBLIC. 


ORDERS 

RESPECTFULLY 

SOLICITED. 


HUNT’S  GREAT  MODERN  REMEDY. 


The  cry  of  “Quack,”  so  truly  applied  to  at  least  one-half  of  the  Medicines  of  the  day,  cannot  be  applied 
to  Hunt’s  Great  Modern  Remedy.  This  great  Cough  Remedy  has  been  before  the  public  lor  five  years,  and 
has  been  pronounced  unparalleled.  The  Certificates  of  Cure  are  not  fabrications,  but  from  distinguished  min- 
isters and  highly  respectable  citizens,  well  known  to  the  public.  It  seldom  fails  to  effect  an  effectual  cure  ia 
all  cases  of  Coughs,  Colds,  Influenza,  Whooping  Cough,  first  stages  of  the  Croup,  Sick  Headache,  W cakness 
of  the  Voice,  or  any  affection  of  the  Throat  or  Breast  where  the  lungs  are  not  seriously  impaired.  No  family 
should  be  without  it.  Only  37 cents  per  bottle. 


HUNT’S  INDIAN  VEGETABLE  TONIC. 


The  excellent  qualities  of  this  valuable  compound  have  been  vouched  for  by  some  of  the  ablest  physicians  in 
Maryland.  The  proprietor  feels  r.o  hesitancy  in  bringing  this  Tonic  before  the  world,  relying  solely  on  its 
Medicinal  merit  for  public  patronage.  It  will  be  found  a certain  cure  for  Dyspepsia,  Rheumatism,  Diseases  of 
the  Lungs  and  Liver,  Nervous  Debility,  Weakness  of  the  Bowels,  Sic. 

For  further  particulars  see  wrapper.  Price  75  cents.  Principal  Office,  Frederick  city,  Maryland.  Orders 
punctually  attended  to.  A liberal  discount  made  to  dealers. 

0(7-  For  sale  by  S.  S.  HANCE,  Baltimore,  and  all  the  principal  dealers  in  Baltimore,  Cumberland,  Wash- 
ington, and  throughout  the  State. 

J.  J.  HUNT,  Proprietor  Frederick  city,  Md, 

Where  all  Orders  should  be  addressed.  A liberal  discount  made  to  dealers. 


W AS 


W E S 


also  4 agricultural  implement  factories,  2 bakeries,  1 blacksmithery,  1 boat-building  shop, 
11  boot  and  shoe  shops,  2 breweries,  1 brick  kiln,  5 cabinet-shops,  1 chandlery,  2 clothier 
shops,  2 carriage  factories,  9 coopers,  1 iron  mine,  1 pottery,  2 glove  factories,  3 hat  and 
cap  factories,  2 lime  kilns,  9 printing  offices,  3 saw  mills,  3 stone-cutting  shops,  and  4 tin 
shops.  Steam  power  is  used  only  in  the  foundries  and  distilleries : in  all  others,  except 
handicrafts,  water  is  the  moving  power. 

Average  wages — a farm-hand,  with  board,  $11  a month  ; a day-laborer,  75  cents,  or 
with  board,  56  cents;  a carpenter,  $1  a day;  a female  domestic  with  board,  75  cents 
a week.  Price  of  board  to  laboring  men,  $2  a week. 

The  value  of  real  and  personal  estate,  in  1850,  was  $11,499,231 : and  the  taxes  thereon, 
$57,758,  of  which  amount  $29,051  was  state  tax,  $27,507  county  tax,  and  $1,200  school 
tax.  The  number  of  paupers  receiving  relief  from  the  public  funds  on  the  1st  June,  1850, 
was  242  ; and  the  number  relieved  during  the  year  past  was  268,  at  a cost  amounting  to 
$6,436;  and  the  number  of  criminals  convicted  was  29^  and  of  these  five  were  still  in 
prison  on  the  1st  of  June,  1850. 

The  whole  number  of  libraries  owned  in  this  county,  in  1850,  was  30,  containing  in  the 
aggregate  16,779  volumes : of  which  2 public  libraries  contained  600  volumes;  15  private 
libraries,  7,800;  12  Sunday-school  libraries,  3,379;  1 college  library,  5,000.  Nine  news- 
papers were  issued  weekly  at  the  same  period,  7 of  which  were  published  at  Hagerstown, 
one  at  Boonsboro’,  and  one  at  Clear  Spring.  At  the  same  time  there  were  83  primary  and 
public  schools,  with  83  teachers  and  3,435  scholars,  with  a total  annual  income  of 
$16,790  ; 5 academies  and  other  schools,  with  5 teachers  and  122  pupils,  with  an  income 
of  $425  ; and  1 college,  with  12  teachers  and  85  students,  with  an  income  of  $19,239  a 
year.  The  whole  number  attending  schools  during  the  year  past  had  been  4,258,  of 
which  2,371  were  males  and  1,887  females;  and  the  number  classed  as  “Adults  who 
cannot  read  and  write,”  was  1,317 — namely,  892  white  persons — 307  males  and  585 
females,  and  425  free  colored  persons — 183  males  and  242  females : of  the  total  of  this 
class  44  were  foreigners. 

There  were  at  the  period  above  named  63  churches  in  the  county  with  accommo- 
dations for  28,200  persons;  and  the  value  of  church  property  was  $116,550  ; of  these  two 
were  Baptist,  with  accommodation  for  800;  7 Episcopal,  for  2,575  ; 6 German  Reformed, 
for  3,100;  13  Lutheran,  for  7,000;  16  Methodist,  for  6,325;  2 Presbyterian,  for  1,300; 
2 Roman  Catholic,  for  1,150;  2 Union  or  Free  Church,  for  500;  6 Moravian,  for  2,500; 
4 Mennonite,  for  850 ; and  3 Tunker,  for  2,100  persons. 

The  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal  passes  through  the  county  in  a line  nearly  with  the 
course  of  the  Potomac  river,  and  there  are  several  thoroughfares  by  state  and  county 
turnpikes.  The  Franklin  R.  R.  extends  from  Hagerstown  into  Pennsylvania,  and  connects 
with  the  great  lines  of  that  state.  Stage  roads  are  numerous,  and  travel  easy  and  cheap 
to  all  the  principal  villages. 

Hagerstown  is  the  county  seat  of  justice,  and  the  following  are  the  principal  villages 
and  post-offices : — Bakersville,  Beaver  Creek,  Benevola,  Boonsboro,’  Brownsville,  Cave- 
town,  Chewsville,  Clear  Spring,  Conecocheague,  College  of  St.  James,  Fair  view,  Funks- 
town,  Hancock,  Keedysville,  Lappon’s  Cross  Roads,  Leitersburg,  Park  Head,  Ringgold, 
Rohrersville,  Sharpsburgh,  Smithsburg,  Williamsport. 


Washington  Mines,  Alleghany  co.  Si- 
tuate 3 m.  s.  e.  of  Frostburg  and  8 m.  w.  of 
Cumberland,  with  which  they  communicate 
by  the  Eckart  R.  R. 

Washington ville,  ( formerly  Washington 
Factory,)  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate  on  the 
w.  side  of  Jones’  Falls,  and  on  the  line  oPthe 
Balt,  and  Susquehanna  R.  R.,  6 m.  n.  of  Balti- 
more city,  and  36  n.  of  Annapolis. 

Waterloo,  v.,  Howard  co.  Situate  e.  of 
Little  Patuxent  r.,  and  10  m.  s.  w.  of  Elli- 
cott’s  Mills. 

Watkin’s  Point,  Somerset  co.  The  ex- 
treme s.  w.  cape  of  the  mainland  of  the 
Eastern  Shore  in  Maryland. 

Weisesburgh,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situ- 
ate on  Great  Gunpowder  Falls,  26  m.  n.  of 


Baltimore  city,  and  55  m.  n.  of  Annapolis. 
The  Balt,  and  Susquehanna  R.  R,  passes  it 
on  the  e. 

Wellersburg,  p.  v.,  Alleghany  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  n.  fork  of  Jennings’  Run,  and  on 
the  line  of  the  Somerset  plank  turnpike,  10 
m.  n.  w.  of  Cumberland,  and  176  m.  w.  n.  w. 
of  Annapolis. 

Westerman’s  Mills,  p.  o.,  Baltimore  co. 
Situate  on  Black  Rock  cr.,  18  m.  n.  of  Bal- 
timore city,  by  the  Balt,  and  Susquehanna 
Rail-road,  and  48  m.  n.  of  Annapolis. 

Western  Port,  p.  v.,  Alleghany  co.  Situ- 
ate on  George’s  cr.,  near  its  junction  with 
the  n.  Branch  of  Potomac  r.  The  state  road 
from  Cumberland  passes  through  it,  and  on 
the  opposite  bank  of  the  Potomac  is  Pied- 


286 


FREDERICK  BUSINSSS  DIRECTORY. 


F0.  JMKJS lT*. 


DEALER  IN  FANCY  AND  STAPLE 


CARPETINGS.  OIL  CLOTHS  WINDOW 


&C. 


PATRICK  STREET, 

NEARLY  OPPOSITE  TO  THE  CITY  HOTEL, 

FREDERICK,  3VEH>_ 

G.  S,  &ROSHON, 

DEALER  IN 

|||i  IflMii!  MM 

HP  W W EM  S 


! 

IDierST  GOODS  A.ISTD  GROCERIES, 

FORWARDING  AID  COMMISSION  MERCHANT. 

C orner  Patrick  and  Carroll  Streets, 

S' SS  3 3 3 & S © S,  S2®. 


1 


VALENTINE  S.  BRUNNER, 

WHOLESALE  DEALER  IN 

Jump  anti  fomesttt  fipors, 

Ifllllllll  AMSSf* 

-A  1ST  3D 

mm is  m ssipsm 

Railroad  Depot,  Frederick,  Md. 


NORTH  MARKET  STREET, 
FREDERICK,  MD. 


WES 


WOO 


mont,  a station  on  the  line  of  the  Balt,  and 
Ohio  R.  R.  Distant  26  m.  s.  w.  of  Cumber- 
land, and  192  m.  w.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Westminster,  co.  seat  and  p.  o.,  Carroll 
co.  Situate  on  a plateau  of  Parr’s  Ridge, 
about  the  centre  of  the  county,  and  near 
the  head  waters  of  Monocacy  cr.  and  the 
north  branch  of  Patapsco  r.,  58  m.  n.  w.  of 
Annapolis,  and  68  m.  n.  n.  e.  of  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.  It  contains  the  court-house, 
the  county  prison,  and  other  public  offices ; 
also  several  churches ; and,  in  1850  had 
835  inhabitants — 784  white  persons,  and  51 
free  colored  persons.  Two  weekly  papers, 
one  whig  and  one  democratic  in  politics, 
are  published  here.  Turnpikes  and  other 
roads  lead  hence  to  all  parts;  and  the 
Westminster  Branch  of  the  Balt,  and  Sus- 
quehanna R.  R.  diverging  from  that  road 
at  the  Relay  Hcfase,  7 m.  n.  of  Baltimore,  is 
complete  to  Owing’s  Mills,  a distance  of 
17  m. 

West  River,  Anne  Arundel  co.  A large 
estuary  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  situate  immedi- 
ately south  and  west  of  South  river. 

W etheredville,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situ- 
ate on  Gwinn’s  Falls,  4£  m.  w.  n.  w.  of 
Baltimore.  It  contains  1 church,  1 school, 
several  stores,  and  about  100  dwellings, 
chiefly  of  stone.  The  village  is  300  feet 
above  tide,  with  a fall  within  its  limits  of 
90  feet,  which  affords  immense  water  power. 
The  mills  of  Wethered  Brothers,  celebrated 
for  their  fine  cassimeres,  are  located  here, 
and  there  are  also  several  mills  producing 
coarse  cotton  cloth.  Both  up  and  down 
the  stream  there  are  large  numbers  of  flour- 
ing and  other  mills.  The  surrounding  country 
is  undulating,  and  the  soil  of  good  quality. 
Population  of  the  neighborhood,  about  700. 

Weverton,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situate 
at  the  foot  of  South  Mountain,  in  the  ex- 
treme s.  w.  corner  of  the  county,  and  on  the 
e.  side  of  Israel  cr.,  where  that  stream  joins 
the  Potomac.  The  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
Canal  and  the  Balt,  and  Ohio  R.  R.  pass 
through  the  village,  80  m.  w.  of  Baltimore. 
Weverton  is  distant  20  m.  s.  w.  of  Frederick 
city,  and  73  m.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

WnALE ysville,  p.  v.,  Worcester  co.  Situ- 
ate on  Pocomoke  r.,  11  m.  further  up  than 
Snow  Hill,  and  distant  from  Annapolis  115 

m.  s.  e. 

Whitehall,  p.  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate 
about  3 m.  n.  of  Baltimore  city,  and  31  m. 

n.  of  Annapolis. 

White  Haven,  p.  v.,  Somerset  co.  Situ- 
ate on  the  w.  bank  of  Wicomico  r.,  13  m. 
above  its  confluence  with  Fishing  Bay,  8 m. 
n.  w.  of  Princess  Anne,  and  103  s.  e.  of  An- 
napolis. It  has  some  trade. 

Wicomico  River,  Somerset  co.  A navi- 


gable stream  from  the  Eastern  Shore,  con* 
fluent  with  Chesapeake  Bay  through  Fish- 
ing Bay.  Vessels  of  considerable  burden 
pass  up  to  White  Haven. 

Wicomico  River,  Charles  co.  A fine 
stream,  an  affluent  of  Potomac  r.,  from  the 
n.  In  its  upper  end  it  receives  several  large 
creeks,  and  forms  the  line  of  division  be- 
tween Charles  and  St.  Mary’s  counties. 

Williams’,  Baltimore  co.  A station  on 
the  Westminster  Branch  R.  R,  12  m.  n.  of 
Baltimore  city. 

Williamsburg,  v.,  Talbot  co.  Situate  6 

m.  n.  e.  of  Easton. 

Williamsport,  p.  v.,  Washington  co. 
Situate  on  the  e.  side  of  Potomac  r.,  and  at 
the  mouth  of  Conecocheague  cr.,  6 m.  s.  w. 
of  Hagerstown,  and  107  w.  n.  w.  of  An- 
napolis. It  is  the  depot  of  an  extensive 
fertile  region,  and  has  excellent  shipping 
facilities.  The  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  canal 
passes  through  the  town.  Population 
about  450. 

Wills’  Creek,  Alleghany  co.  A fine 
stream,  rising  on  the  e.  slope  of  Great  Sav- 
age Mountain  in  Pennsylvania,  whence  its 
course  is  first  n.,  then  e.,  then  n-  e.,  then 
again  e.,  to  the  junction  of  Little  Wills’  cr., 
whence  it  has  a somewhat  winding  course 
southward  to  Potomac  r.,  which  it  reaches 
at  Cumberland.  Numerous  large  runs 
contribute  to  its  volume  of  water,  and  ren- 
der it  a most  efficient  mill  stream. 

Wills’  Mountain,  Alleghany  co.  A 
ridge  of  the  Alleghanies,  immediately  w.  of 
Cumberland. 

Winfield,  p.  v.,  Carroll  co.  Situate  at 
the  head  of  Sam’s  creek,  10  m.  s.  w.  of 
Westminster,  and  59  n.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

Winston,  p.  v.,  Alleghany  co. 

Winter’s  Run,  Harford  co.  An  affluent 
of  Bush  r.  from  the  n. 

Wolfsville,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.,  10  m. 
from  Middletown. 

Woodbine,  v.,  Carroll  co.  Situate  on  the 

n.  side  of  the  West  Branch  of  Patapsco  r., 
and  on  the  line  of  the  Balt,  and  Ohio  R.  R., 
38  m.  w.  of  Baltimore,  18  m.  s.  of  West- 
minster, and  60  n.  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 

■Woodbury,  v.,  Baltimore  co.  Situate  on 
the  w.  side  of  Jones’  Falls,  and  on  the  line 
of  the  Balt,  and  Susquehanna  R.  R.,  3 m. 
n.  of  Baltimore  city,  and  33  n.  of  Annapo- 
lis. 

Wood  Lawn,  p.  o.,  Cecil  co.  Situate  on 
the  old  Baltimore  and  Philadelphia  stage 
road,  3 m.  e.  of  Port  Deposit,  14  m.  w.  of 
Elkton,  and  67  n.  e.  of  Annapolis.  The 
vicinity  is  highly  cultivated,  and  furnishes 
cattle  and  wheat  for  market.  Granite  of 
the  finest  texture  is  extensively  quarried, 
and  is  used  for  ordinary  building  purposes. 


woo 


WO  R 


The  Chesapeake  fisheries  also  engage  the 
attention  of  the  inhabitants.  Population, 
130. 

Woodsboro’,  p.  v.,  Frederick  co.  Situate 
about  a mile  e.  of  Monocacy  r.,  12  m.  if.  of 


Frederick  city,  and  87  n.  w.  of  Annapolis* 
Woodstock,  p.  v.,  Howard  co.  Situate 
on  the  s.  side  of  Patapsco  r.,  and  on  the 
line  of  the  Balt,  and  Ohio  R.  R.,  25  m.  w. 
of  Baltimore  city,  and  43  n.  w.  of  Annapolis. 


WORCESTER  COUNTY  occupies  a tract  of  394,240  acres,  situate  on  the  Eastern 
Shore,  extending  along  the  Atlantic  from  Delaware  to  Virginia,  the  state  lines  of  which 
form  respectively  its  northern  and  southern  boundaries,  and  on  the  west  its  boundary  is 
Dividing  creek  of  Pocomoke  river  and  Somerset  county.  This  is  one  of  the  largest  coun- 
ties of  the  state,  but  it  contains  much  waste  land  unfit  for  agricultural  purposes.  The 
Cypress  Swamp  in  the  north  occupies  a large  area,  and  is  the  source  of  many  streams. 
Pocomoke  river,  the  largest  stream  in  the  county,  has  its  head  waters  in  this  region, 
whence  it  flows  southward  to  the  Chesapeake  through  Pocomoke  Bay,  receiving  in  its 
course  the  whole  drainage  of  the  middle  portions  of  the  county.  The  Atlantic  coast  is  a 
long  narrow  sand  beach,  inclosing  an  extensive  shallow  bay  which  separates  it  from  the 
main  land,  and  is  accessible  only  to  small  craft.  The  surface  is  everywhere  low  and  level, 
and  the  soils  various.  Black  gum  swamps  frequently  occur.  The  prevailing  soils,  however, 
are  constituted  of  white  and  red  clay  and  light  sand.  No  rocks  w'orthy  of  mention  are 
found,  and  the  only  available  mineral  is  iron  ore,  which  exists,  however,  in  no  great  quan- 
tity. The  waters  are  generally  good,  though  sometimes  impregnated  with  lime,  and  some- 
times they  are  chalybeate.  White,  black,  and  red  oak,  beech,  maple,  gum,  pine,  poplar 
and  cypress  are  the  prevailing  timber  growths. 

Worcester  county  was  settled  in  the  course  of  the  17th  century  chiefly  by  immigrants 
of  England  and  Scotland,  and  was  organized  in  1672.  On  the  adjustment  of  the  boundary 
controversy  with  Pennsylvania,  a large  portion  of  the  original  county  was  found  to  be 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  that  proprietary,  and  now  lies  within  Delaware.  The  organiza- 
tion of  the  county  with  its  present  limits  took  place  in  1742.  In  1790,  it  contained  11,640 
inhabitants;  in  1820,  17,421;  in  1840,  18,377,  and  in  1850,  18,859,  of  which  12,401 
were  white  persons,  3,014  free  colored  persons,  and  3,444  slaves;  and  of  the  population 
exclusive  of  slaves,  14,604  were  natives  of  Maryland,  703  of  other  portions  of  the  Union, 
and  103  of  foreign  countries.  Dwellings  2,884,  and  families,  2,885.  Deaf  and  dumb,  8; 
blind,  12;  insane,  — ; and  idiotic,  28. 

There  were  in  the  county  in  1850,  1,318  farms,  covering  124,947  acres  improved  and 
142,819  unimproved  lands,  valued  at  $2,421,855;  and  the  value  of  farming  implements  and 
machinery  was  $64,126.  The  live  stock  consisted  of  2,449  horses,  363  asses  and  mules, 
336  milch  cows,  2,827  working  oxen,  6,786  other  cattle,  10,911  sheep,  and  19,911  swine, 
valued  in  the  aggregate  at  $294,379  ; and  the  amount  of  animal  products  for  1849-50, 
was — wool,  25,i34  pounds;  and  butter,  68,039  pounds;  and  the  value  of  animals  slaugh- 
tered was  $101,221.  The  products  of  the  soil  embraced — wheat,  17,119  bushels;  rye,  58; 
Indian  corn,  721,768;  oats,  87,798;  buckwheat,  36;  peas  and  beans,  1,590;  Irish  po- 
tatoes, 35,403  ; and  sweet  potatoes,  26,401 ; also  hay,  13,800  tons ; flax,  15,688  pounds ; 
and  flax-seed  896  bushels.  The  value  of  orchard  products  was  $2,877,  and  of  market- 
garden  products,  $25.  Two  pounds  weight  of  silk  cocoons,  and  9,416  pounds  beeswax  and 
honey  were  also  produced.  The  value  of  homemade  goods  manufactured  in  the  year 
amounted  to  $22,218. 

Milling  and  iron  making  are  the  prominent  industrial  pursuits,  and  in  1850,  employed 
six-sevenths  of  the  capital  invested  in  manufactures.  The  whole  number  of  establishments 
was  45,  and  the  total  capital  invested,  $69,850  ; value  of  raw  materials  consumed  $33,176; 
average  number  of  hands  employed,  89  ; average  monthly  cost  of  labor,  $1,110;  value  of 
annual  products,  $65,961.  The  establishments  consisted  of  2 blacksmiths’  shops,  3 boot 
and  shoe  shops,  3 carriage  factories,  1 furnace,  (capital  $20,000,)  17  grist  mills,  (capital 
$4,000,)  17  saw  mills,  (capital  $34,850,)  and  2 tanneries.  Water  is  the  only  power  used 
in  the  county. 

Average  wages — a farm-hand  with  board  $6  a month ; a day-laborer  55  cents,  or  with 
board  45  cents ; a carpenter  $1  25  a day ; a female  domestic  with  board  50  cents  a week. 
Price  of  board  to  laboring  men  $1  50  a week. 

The  value  of  all  real  and  personal  estate  in  the  county  in  1850  was  $3,523,009,  and  the 
amount  of  taxation  thereon,  $14,393,  of  which  $8,810  was  state  tax,  $3,718  county  tax, 
and  $1,865  school  tax.  The  number  of  paupers  receiving  public  relief  on  the  1st  June, 
1850,  was  23,  and  the  whole  number  relieved  during  the  past  year  had  been  39,  at  a cost 
of  $1,955.  0 


290 


FREDERICK  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


SUCCESSOIt  TO  GriESOlR.Gr'E:  «T_  FISHER, 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL 


Patrick  Street,  nearly  opposite  City  Hotel, 

LT-i  £23  L23  LT3  il  9 


Drugs,  Medicines,  Paints,  Oils,  Glass,  Varnish,  Dye  Stuffs,  Surgical  and  Den-  i 
tal  Instruments,  Trusses,  &c.,  Jewelry,  Silver  Ware,  Spoons,  Forks,  &c.,  Gold  I 
Leaf,  Gold  and  Silver  Foil,  Bronze,  &c. 

Perfumery  and  Fancy  Articles,  Confectionery,  Cutlery,  Whips,  Cigars,  Soda, 
Seidlitz,  Saratoga  and  Sulphur  Waters  ; all  safe  and  reliable  Patent  Medicines,  j 
Physicians’  Prescriptions  accurately  compounded  and  delivered  at  any  hour 
of  the  night. 

Orders  from  a distance  promptly  attended  to, 


WYE 


ZIO 


The  county  in  1850,  had  54  primary  and  public  schools,  with  54- teachers  and  1,719 
scholars,  which  cost  for  the  year  past  $5,303;  and  5 academies  and  other  schools, 
with  7 teachers  and  200  pupils,  costing  $2,880.  The  whole  number  of  scholars  attending 
schools  in  the  year  had  been  2,075.  Only  one  newspaper  is  published  in  the  county. 
“Adults  who  cannot  read  and  write”  numbered  2,704,  of  which  1,678  were  white  per- 
sons— 725  males  and  953  females,  and  1,026  were  free  colored  persons — 523  males  and 
503  females. 

There  were  60  church  buildings  in  the  county  capable  of  accommodating  14,000  per- 
sons, and  valued  at  $26,385 : 5 Baptist  churches  had  accommodations  for  1,250 ; 8 Epis- 
copal for  1,900;  47  Methodist  for  9,350;  6 Presbyterian  for  1,600  persons. 

Snow  Hill  is  the  county  seat  of  justice ; and  the  following  are  villages  and  post-offices : 
— Berlin,  Derrickson’s  Cross  Hoads,  Newark,  Newtown,  Saint  Martin’s,  Sandy  Hill, 
Whaleysville. 


Wye  Mills,  p.  v.,  Talbot  co.  Situate  on 
the  Wye  r.,  10  m.  n.  of  Easton,  and  31  e. 
by  s.  of  Annapolis. 

Wye  River.  A stream  from  the  Eastern 
Shore,  falling  into  Eastern  Bay  of  the 
Chesapeake. 

Yough  Glades,  p.  v.,  Alleghany  co.,  53 
m.  s.  w.  of  Cumberland,  and  219  w.  n.  w. 
of  Annapolis. 


Youghiogeny  River,  Alleghany  co.  A 
large  and  fine  stream  from  Virginia,  traver- 
sing this  county  from  s.  to  n.  It  falls  into 
Monongahela  r.,  18  m.  s.  e.  of  Pittsburg, 
Pa. 

Young’s  Mines,  Alleghany  co.  Situate 
near  Frostburg,  10  m.  w.  of  Cumberland. 

Zion,  p.  v.,  Cecil  co. 


292  HAGERSTOWN  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 

SAMUEL  L.  KING-, 

Coa cl)  art  Carriage 

-A.  LSO:  MANTJFACTUEEE  OF 


SOUTH  POTOMAC  STREET, 


M 


» 


THE 


WEEKLY  AMERICAN  CHRONICLE 

IS  PUBLISHED  EVERY  TUESDAY  MORNING  BY 

c&3  OCX 

sr 9 mm* 

At  $1.50  per  Annum,  in  advance,  and  $2.00  if  not  paid  in  advance.  BOOK 
AND  JOB  OFFICE  connected  with  the  Establishment. 


GEO.  UPDEGRAFF & SON, 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL 


MANUFACTURERS,  AND  DEALERS  IN 


CANES,  UMBRELLAS  AND  LADIES'  FURS, 

NO.  24, 

0i)e  dooi*  31).  of  iLgei^iotoi)  ;Bqi)l(. 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT 

or  THE 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 


The  District  of  Columbia,  the  seat  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  originally 
occupied  a square  of  ten  miles,  on  both  sides  of  Potomac  River,  and  comprised  portions 
of  Yirginia  and  Maryland,  ceded  to  the  United  States  for  the  use  of  the  same  Govern- 
ment. In  1846,  however,  that  portion  of  the  territory  south  of  the  river  was  retroceded 
to  Virginia,  and  hence  the  present  territory  lies  altogether  on  its  north  bank. 

The  Maryland  act  of  cession  was  passed  on  the  23d  December,  1788,  and  that  of 
Virginia  on  the  3d  December,  1789.  Subsequent  acts  were  passed  by  these  sf  ' "s,  con- 
firming the  location. 

This  District  was  established  in  pursuance  of  a clause  of  the  Constitution'-  - 1789, 
(Sect.  vin. — 17,)  which  declares  that  Congress  shall  have  power  “ to  exercise  exclusive 
legislation,  in  all  cases  whatsoever,  over  such  district,  (not  exceeding  ten  miles  square,) 
as  may  by  cession  of  particular  states,  and  the  acceptance  of  Congress,  become  the  seat 
of  the  Government  of  the  United  States;”  and  further,  in  pursuance  of  an  Act  of  Con- 
gress, approved  16th  July,  1790,  which  declared  “that  a district  of  territory,  not  exceeding 
ten  miles  square,  to  be  located  as  hereafter  directed,  on  the  River  Potomac,  at  some  space 
between  the  mouths  of  the  Eastern  Branch  and  Conecocheague,  be,  and  the  same  is 
hereby  accepted,  for  the  permanent  seat  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States;  and 
that  the  President  be  authorized  to  appoint  three  Commissioners  to  survey,  and  by  proper 
metes  and  bounds  define  and  limit,  a district  of  territory  under  the  limitations  above 
mentioned” 

By  a proclamation  of  the  President,  dated  30th  March,  1791,  the  following  were  de- 
fined as  the  boundaries  of  the  territory:  “Beginning  at  Jones’  Point,  being  the  upper 
cape  of  Hunting  Creek,  in  Virginia,  and  at  an  angle  of  45  degrees  west  of  the  north, 
ana  running  in  a direct  line  ten  miles  for  the  first  line ; then  beginning  again  at  the 
same  Jones’  Point,  and  running  another  direct  line,  at  a right  angle  with  the  first,  across 
the  Potomac,  ten  miles,  for  the  second  line ; then  from  the  terminations  of  the  said  first 
and  second  lines,  running  two  other  direct  fines  of  ten  miles  each,  the  one  crossing  the 
Eastern  Branch  and  the  other  the  Potomac,  and  meeting  each  other  in  a point.”  The 
diagonal  fines  of  this  square  run  north  and  south,  east  and  west,  and,  consequently,  its 
angles  are  formed  at  the  cardinal  points. 

Situated  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  primitive  ledge,  which  divides  the  alluvial  region 
from  the  hilly  country  westward,  the  District  partakes  of  the  geological  characteristics  of 
the  two  regions.  Rock  Creek,  and  its  immediate  vicinity,  is  the  line  between  the  two ; 
from  Rock  Creek,  up  the  Potomac,  the  borders  of  the  stream  are  formed  of  rock,  with 
the  exception  of  a few  small  pieces  of  alluvial  here  and  there  in  the  valley  of  the  river. 
For  twenty  or  more  miles  the  same  formation  prevails,  when  the  country  changes  to  old 
red  sandstone,  which  continues  twenty  or  twenty-five  miles  further  up  the  river,  with 
occasional  ridges  of  brescia  or  pudding-stone ; and  marble  shows  itself  in  various  places 
along  the  valley,  above  and  below  the  Monocacy.  About  a mile,  however,  east  of  the  en- 
trance of  Rock  Creek  into  the  Potomac,  on  the  southern  point  of  the  city  of  Washington, 
the  final  termination  of  the  primitive  rocks  that  fine  the  bed  and  banks  of  the  Potomac 
above,  is  evidenced.  In  digging  wells  beyond  this  point,  rock  or  stones  seldom  obtrude, 
and  alluvial  everywhere  prevails.  In  the  primitive  formation  gneiss  abounds,  and  is  suc- 
ceeded by  the  amphibolic  rock,  or  grunstein.  The  gneiss  contains  small  crystallized  tubes 
of  magnetic  iron,  veins  of  felspar  and  quartz,  of  an  opake  white  color.  The  rock  of  the 
Great  Falls  of  the  Potomac  consists  chiefly  of  micaceous  schist,  and  contains  grains  of  iron, 
which  attract  the  needle. 


HAGERSTOWN  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


W.  HALL. 


n.  McDowell. 


hall  & McDowell, 


GO 


294 


CORNER  OF  WEST  FRANKLIN  STREET, 

HAGERSTOWN,  UVEID. 


Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of  Castings,  Horse-Powers,  Thrashing  and  Reaping 
Machines,  and  Agricultural  Implements  of  every  description,  upon  the  latest  and 

most  improved  principles.  Hathaway, 
Empire,  Air-Tight,  Cooking,  and  every 
other  description  of  Stoves. 

guilds’  91)3  Eoni)3lrlj  09§iis)gg 

OF  EVERY  VARIETY  MADE  TO  ORDER. 


THE  HAGERSTOWN  MAIL, 


PUBLISHED  BY  ^ 

ROBINSON  & DEOHERT, 


At  $1.50  per  Annum,  in  Advance. 

Has  a larger  circulation  than  any  other  Journal  in  the  State,  out  of  the  City  of  Baltimore. 

Merchants  in  Baltimore  offering  their  Wares  for  Sale  ; Farmers  throughout  the  State,  offering  their 
Lands  for  sale,  and  business  men  generally,  should  Advertise  ia  its  columns.  Terms  of  Advertising  liberal 
Address  ROBINSON  & DECHERT,  Hagerstoum,  Maryland. 


ELI  MOBLY  & SON, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 


! igjit  Mitpts,  buggies,  dt. 

E,  Washington  Street, 

HACERSTOWX,  MOO. 

REPAIRS  of  all  kinds  executed  with  dispatch  and  on 
moderate  Terms. 


I 


GENERAL^  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

The  stone  with  which  the  basins  of  the  Potomac  Canal  are  lined,  is  a species  of  sand- 
stone similar  to  the  sandstone  of  coal-beds.  The  rock  employed  to  form  the  foundation  or 
base  of  the  houses  of  the  District  is  a species  of  gneiss,  composed  of  felspar,  quartz  and 
mica,  of  a leafy  texture,  owing  to  the  abundance  and  disposition  of  the  mica.  It  con- 
tains primitive  sulphurous  iron,  and  also  particles  of  the  same  metal.  At  Fort  Washing- 
ton there  is  a ferruginous  clay,  known  by  the  name  of  bol,  which  is  employed  to  dye 
cloth  and  thread  of  a red  color.  This  substance,  when  heated,  attracts  the  magnet.  The 
moulds  of  petrified  shells,  of  the  genus  area,  weighing  several  pounds,  have  been  dug  up 
at  this  place.  The  material  of  the  soil  in  the  District  is  clay,  discolored  by  the  oxide  of 
iron,  which  becomes  fixed  by  fire ; and,  on  the  whole,  no  other  locality  can  boast  of 
greater  facilities  for  brick-making. 

The  botany  of  the  District  is  rich  in  many  of  the  most  beautiful  and  useful  of  vege- 
table productions.  It  embraces  all  the  most  valuable  timbers  for  cabinet  and  building 
purposes  due  to  the  latitude : the  plantain,  buttonwood,  dogwood,  alder,  sumac,  oaks 
of  several  species,  pines,  black-haw,  sassafras,  laurel,  mountain  ash,  cinquefoil,  linden, 
locust,  chesnut,  and  numerous  others,  which  flourish  on  the  hills  or  vales  of  this  delight- 
ful region ; and  among  its  shrubs  and  flowering  plants  are  found  many  valued  for  their 
medicinal  properties:  as  the  snake-root,  lobelia,  strammonium,  hellebore,  sassafras,  senna, 
(cassia  marilandica ,)  horehound,  fox-glove,  &c. ; and  many  prized  for  the  beauty  of  their 
flowers  or  magnificent  growths.  Fruit-trees  and  vines  abound ; and  all  the  esculent 
vegetables  known  to  the  household  are  grown  in  profusion.  No  markets  are  better  sup- 
plied with  vegetables  than  those  of  the  cities  of  the  District. 

The  animals  of  the  District  are,  of  course,  the  same  as  those  inhabiting  the  neighboring 
portions  of  Maryland  and  Virginia;  and,  for  the  most  part,  have  disappeared  from  their 
former  haunts.  The  bear,  wolf,  raccoon,  and  some  others,  are  still  occasionally  seen  in 
the  less  frequented  sections.  The  fisheries  of  the  Potomac,  embrace  a great  variety 
of  the  finny  tribes,  which  the  splash  of  the  steamer  has.  not  yet  driven  to  other 
regions. 

There  is  no  place  in  the  United  States  where  shad  is  more  plentiful,  or  of  better 
quality,  than  that  caught  in  the  Potomac.  From  300  to  400  fish  are  usually  taken  at  one 
draught,  and  a large  quantity  of  herrings.  In  the  distance  of  about  a hundred  miles 
above  and  below  Washington  four  hundred  thousand  barrels  of  herrings  are  annually 
taken,  of  which  a considerable  quantity  are  cured  and  exported,  chiefly  from  Baltimore. 
The  law  protects  these  fisheries,  and  under  no  circumstances  is  it  allowed  to  destroy  the 
young  fish. 

The  District  of  Columbia,  as  now  demarked,  contains  only  one  county,  that  of  Wash- 
ington; and  in  this  are  comprised  the  cities  of  Washington  and  Georgetown,  and  what 
are  cPfiominated  the  country  parts.  The  statistical  condition  of  this  county,  &c.,  in  1850, 
as  exhibited  in  the  census  of  that  year,  is  as  follows: 


Divisions. 

Dwellings. 

Families. 

Population. 

Farms. 

Manufactories. 

W ashington  City, 

1st  Ward 

940 

..  991.. 

10 

2d  “ .... 

1,057 

..1,168.. 

6,934 



73 

et 

3d  “ 

..  982.. 

5,908 

5 .. 

tt 

4th  u 

1,216 

. .1,216. . 

8,780 

— .. 

101 

M 

5th  “ 

..  769.. 

4,137 

4 .. 

21 

a 

6th  “ 

..  661.. 

3,714 

20  .. 

17 

7th  “ 

789 

..  892... 

4,985 

— .. 

18 

Total 6,345 6,679 40,001 29 356 


Georgetown,  N.  W.  part 

461... 

....  3,349 

...  6 .. 

Other  parts 

733 

...  5,017 

...  3 .. 

50 

Total 

1,174--.. 

1,215 

8,366 

...  9 .. 

59 

Country — E.  of  Turnpike 

222 

..  1,956 

..130  ... 

u W.  “ 

176... 

.7.7.  176...*.. 

...  1,364 

...  96  .. 

12 

Total 

. .398 

...3  320 

226  . 

12 

Grand  Total 

...264... 

427 

_ The  following  exhibits  the 
divisions : 

caste  and 

sexes  of  the  population 

in  the 

several  civil 

296  FREDERICK  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


THE  FREDERICK  HERALD, 

_A.  FAMILY  JOITIIMAL, 

jjt&ritb  to  ^mmtanism,  Jforaga  ani)  feints  tic  ffifos,* : 

Literature,  Amusements,  Morality,  Agriculture,  Advertising,  &c. 

HijblisM  iq  Ledetfcii  6hg,  Dqi'gW,  ebebg  Sqitibbqg  IFol'qiiig.  | 

g”  W.  ^EC^ENMJRGH,  } Edltors  and  Proprietors. 


FREDERICK  SCHROEDER, 


mEiket^toeet,^ 

NORTH  OF  SECOND, 

LcSeHeli,  ?p. 

Orders  respectfully  so- 
licited and  promptly  filled. 


WILLIAM  3,  BROWN, 

MANUFACTURER  AND  DEALER  IN 

STOVES  ADD  FANCY  ARTICLES 


ot  sesix  mm  tmssia, 

FREDERICK,  MD. 


SNYDER,  JR. 

jeKT'ST  SDLESrg. 


€&s  BOUIS 


R.  EE.  G.  BOUIS. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF  AND  DEALERS  IN 


S T O \/  E S 3 &o- 


Have  on  hand  a complete  assortment  and  are 
constantly  manufactur- 
ing. Roofing,  Spouting 
and  Jobbing,  at  short- 
est notice.  Particular 
attention  given  to  Coun- 
try custom. 

Orders  respect- 
fully solicited. 


-A_JSTX> 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA, 


White 

Persons. 


Civil 


Divisions. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Wash ington..  1st  Ward. 

.1,609. 

..1,893.. 

.3,502.. 

ee 

..2d 

(( 

.2,432. 

..2,599.. 

.5,031... 

a 

..3d 

.2,345. 

..2,401.. 

.4,746.. 

« 

..4th 

u 

.3,491. 

..3,409.. 

.6,900.. 

« 

..5th 

« 

.1.262. 

..1,458.. 

.2,720.. 

M 

..6  th 

(•' 

.1,664. 

..1,746.. 

.3,410.. 

fC 

..7  th 

(( 

.1,775. 

..1.731.. 

.3,506-- 

Colored  Persons. 


Free.  Slave. 

» / n As’te, 

Male.  Female.  Total.  Male.  Female.  Total.  Popul. 

746..  .1.044. ..1.790...  90...  161. ..251. ..5,543 
C03 — 938... 1,541. ..107...  255-. .362. . .6,934 

353.. .  528...  881...  83...  198. . -281 .. .5,908 

547.. .  788.. .1,335. -.201...  344. . .545.. .8,780 

491.. .  668. ..1,159...  90...  168. . .258. . .4.137 

73...  69...  142...  62.. . 100— 162— 3', 174 

549..  . 676.. .1,225. ..100...  154.. .254. -.4, 985 


Total 14, 578.. 15, 237. .-29, 815. .3, 362... 4, 711..  .8, 073... 733. -.1,380.. 2, 113.-40,001 

Georgetown,  N.W.  part. -1,225.. .1,364 2,589...  180...  252...  432. ..119...  209..  .328. -.3, 349 

« other  parts... 1,679.. .1,813 3,492...  487...  641. ..1,128. -.123...  274. -.397. ..5, 017 

Total 2,904—3,177 6,081—  667...  893. ..1,560. ..242—  483  — 725...  8,366 

Country,  east  of  Turnpike.  582—  596 1,178...  121...  Ill—  232—294...  252-. .546...  1 ,956 

« wesl  “ 484...  469 953...  60...  48...  108. ..153...  150. ..303. ..1,364 

Total 1,066.  ..1,065 2,131...  181...  159...  340. -.447...  402. -.849. -.3, 320 

Grand  total 18, 548. .19, 479. -.38, 027. ..4, 210. ..5, 763... 9, 973..  1,422. .2, 265.. 3,687. .51,687 


DECENNIAL  MOVEMENT  OF  POPULATION. 


Colored  Persons. 


Date  of 

White 

Total 

Census. 

Persons. 

Free. 

Slave. 

Population. 

1800 

783 

3,244 

1810 

16,079 

2.849 

5,395 

24,023 

1820 

22,614 

4,048 

6,077 

1830 

27,563 

6,119 

39,834 

1840 

8,361 

4.694 

" 1850 

9,973 

3,687 

or  if  the  County  of  Alexandria  be  included  in  the  returns  for  1850 — and  such,  for  compari- 
son with  former  returns,  will  be  necessary — the  figures  are  as  follows : 

45,240 11 ,386 5,069 . 61,695 

The  number  of  persons  in  the  district  suffering  from  physical  infirmities  was,  in  1850,  as 
follows : 

Colored  Persons. 


Infirmities. 
Deaf  and  dumb... 

W HITE 

Persons. 

Free. 

Slaves. 

Total 
of  all 
Classes. 

Male. 

Female. 

•Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Blind. ........... 

Insane 

Idiotic. .....  ..... 

Total 

The  employments  of  the  District  embrace  almost  every  branch  of  national  industry. 
Agriculture  is  in  a flourishing  condition,  and  although  chiefly  devoted  to  the  production  oi 
city  market  staples,  yet  furnishes  also  large  supplies  of  wheat  and  other  grains,  with  cattle, 
sheep,  &c.  The  quantity  of  improved  land  is  17,083  acres,  and  the  total  value  of  farming 
implements  and  machinery,  in  1850,  was  $40,220.  The  value  of  live  stock  at  the  same 
date  was  $71,573 ; and  the  principal  products  for  1849-50  were  as  follows : 


Wheat bushels..  17,370 

Indian  corn “ ..65,280 

Tobacco pounds . . 15,000 


Wine gallons..  863 

Hay - tons..  1,974 

Butter pounds..  14,869 


And  the  value  of  homemade  manufactures  was  $75. 

Of  the  427  manufacturing  establishments,  one  was  engagedin  the  manufacture  of  cotton 
goods;  one  in  those  of  wool ; and  two  in  making  castings:  the  remainder  being  distributed 
to  a variety  of  handicrafts.  The  statistics  of  the  specified  manufactures  were  as  follows: 


298 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


STABLE  % 


OF1  BALTIMORE. 


Office  of  the  Company  No.  202  Baltimore  Street. 


G-jPl.  S A.TTTS. 


thus 

C.  R.  Woodworth  & Co.,  T4  Wall  st.,  N.  A".;  Union  Gas  Works  Co..  No.  9 Franklin  avenue, 
Boston;  Ferres  & Garrett,  Wilmington,  Del.;  Williams  & Allen,  Pittsburgh,  Penna.;  Dannen- 
hold  & Nock,  99  Fifth  street,  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  Wm.  Dean,  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  Connery  & Slaugh- 
ter, New  Orleans,  La.;  L.  A.  Hant  & Co.,  Wilmington,  N.  C.;  Wm.  Schley,  Senr.,  Augusta, 
Geo.;  AVethered  & Tiffany,  San  Francisco,  California. 

EOE,  THE  COWNTBIT. 

The  Patent  Portable  Gas  Apparatus,  manufactured  and  put  up  by  the  Mary- 
land Portable  Gas  Company,  of  Baltimore,  are  particularly  adapted  to  the  use  of 
I Private  Dwellings,  Public  and  Private  Schools,  Colleges,  Churches,  Hotels,  Fac- 
tories, Foundries,  Country  Towns  and  Villages.  It  furnishes  a light  cheaper  than 
I oil  or  candles — perfectly  safe — and  requires  no  more  skill  or  intelligence  in  the 
management  of  it  than  an  ordinary  cooking  stove  or  furnace.  They  are  made  of 
| every  required  capacity,  and  can  be  put  up  at  short  notice.  For  terms  and  other 
I information  apply  at  the  office  of  the  Company,  No.  202  Baltimore  Street,  Balti- 
! more,  Md.  E.  H.  SPRAG-UE,  Treasurer. 


i 


GENERAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  DISTRICT  QF  COLUMBIA. 


Capital  invested. 

Value  of  raw  materials 

Hands  employed  nifties 

nil  m her . 

Cotton. 

...85,000 

...67,000 

41 

Woolen. 

700 

1,630 

2 

Cast-Iron. 

14,000 

18,100 

27 

**  females 

...  103 

ynontlily  wagps 

_ . dnlln.TR . 

...  1,400 

60 

529 

Value  of  products . . 

Cotton  conRnmed  t * t 

halp.s . . . 

..100,000 

...  960 

41,696 

pheerinor  <Srr..,  produced . , 

- - .yards .. 

1,400,000 

■ 

Wool  ’ w 

pounds. 

5.000 

— 

Cloth,  manufactured 

Pig  iron  £t  

- 

545 

Mineral  coal.  **  ••••••• 

80 

Castings  made 

....  — .... 

— 

513 

The  foreign  commerce  of  the  District  is  limited, 
the  exports  and  imports  were  as  follows : 

I Exports — domestic  produce — in  American  vessels... 

« ■ « in  foreign  “ ... 

Total  domestic  produce 

“ foreign  produce — in  American  vessels 

Imports — in  American  vessels 

“ in  foreign  <(  


Balance  in  favor  of  exports 


In  the  year  ending  30th  June,  1850, 


...  872,175 

..$80,388 

200 

$80,588 

59,819 

The  number  of  vessels  entered  during  the  year  was  nine , of  an  aggregate  burden  of 
1,414  tons;  and  the  number  cleared,  10  vessels  of  1,720  tons.  Of  the  vessels  entered  two 
and  154  tons  were  foreign,  and  of  those  cleared  two  and  200  tons — the  remainder  being 
American.  Georgetown  is  the  only  port.  Alexandria,  formerly  a District  city,  has  eight 
times  the  amount  of  foreign  commerce,  owing  probably  to  its  being  the  eastern  terminus 
of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal.  The  tonnage  owned  within  the  District  is  17,010  tons, 
of  which  2,796  is  registered,  and  the  remainder  enrolled  and  licensed,  and  employed  in  the 
coasting  trade  and  on  the  canal.  The  steam  marine  measures  1,949  tons.  During  the  year 
1849-50,  there  were  built  8 sloops  and  canal  boats  of  288  tons  burden. 

The  newspaper  press  of  Washington  and  Georgetown  is  conducted  by  the  ablest  heads 
in  the  country,  and  has  for  its  contributors  many  of  the  most  energetic  and  powerful  par- 
tisans both  in  and  out  of  Congress.  The  character  and  tone  of  the  articles  published  w ill 
compare  well  with  those  of  any  other  capital  of  the  world.  The  following  list  is  returned 
from  the  census  office,  showing  the  names,  character,  circulation,  &c.  of  each : 


Names.  Where  Published. 

National  Intelligencer Washington... 

u a 


The  Union 


The  Republic 


Southern  Press. 


The  Globe 

National  Era 

W ashington  News. . . . 

The  Huntress 

African  Repository... 
Georgetown  Advocate 
Potomac  Advocate. . . , 


(i 

M 

41 

41 

II 

(I 

1C 

c< 

tc 

Georgetown, 


Issued. 

.daily 

.tri-weekly. 

.weekly 

. daily 

.tri-weekly. 

.weekly 

.daily 

.tri- weekly  , 

. weekly 

.daily.... 

.tri-weekly. 

.weekly 

.daily* 

. weekly . . . . 
.weekly.. .. 
• weekly.. .. 
.weekly.... 
.monthly..  , 
.tri-weekly 
weekly 


Character. 

Circulation 

.Whig...... .. 

u w 

...  C is  non 

u \ 

Democratic.. 

.....  1,800 

44 

4» 

— | 8,000 

.Whig 

44 

....  2,500 
2,500 

.State  Rights.. 

22,000 

346 

..  . 2,377 

44 

Democratic  — 

12,000 

Anti-Slavery.. 
.Neutral 

a 

15,000 

1,075 

....  500 

Colonization  .. 
.Neutral 

2,000 

350 

Published  daily  daring  the  session  of  Congress. 


Jfnitale  College, 

UNDER  THE  PATRONAGE  OF  THE  BALTIMORE  ANNUAL  CONFERENCE. 

N.  C.  BROOKS,  A.  M.,  President. 


TRUSTEES. 

Rev.  II.  Slicer, 

“ W.  Hamilton, 

“ W.  B.  Edwards, 
“ J.  A.  Gere, 

11  R.  Brown, 

“ T.  Myers, 

“ S.  Regester, 
u G.  G.  Brooke, 
u J.  MoK.  Reily, 


BALTIMORE  FEMALE  COLLEGE. 


TRUSTEES. 

Dr.  T.  E.  Bond, 

J.  Royston,  Esq. 

R.G.  Armstrong,  Esq. 

J.  F.  Purvis,  Esq. 

Geo  . C . A ddison,  Esq  . ■ 

John  Brannan,  Esq. 
Joshua  Dryden,  Esq 
John  Hurst,  Esq. 

Chas.  J.  Baker,  Esq. 


This  Seminary  of  learning,  instituted  for  the  liberal  education  of  Young  Ladies,  j 
was  created  a College  proper  by  the  Legislature  of  Maryland,  December  session, 
1849,  with  authority  to  confer  degrees,  and  endowed  with  all  the  rights  and  privileges  r 
of  the  most  favored  female  institutions. 

There  are  two  departments  in  the  institution — the  Collegiate  Department  and  the 
Preparatory  Department,  with  their  appropriate  branches  of  learning.  The  course 
of  study  in  each  is  three  years,  designated  by  as  many  different  classes. 


COURSE  OF  INSTRUCTION. 


The  course  of  instruction  is  intended  to  develop  the  intellectual,  social,  and  moral  facul- 
ties; and  by  imparting  a thorough,  practical,  accomplished  and  Christian  education,  fit  the 
pupil  for  the  faithful  discharge  of  the  responsible  duties  that  await  her  in  life. 

Great  pains  will  be  taken  to  promote  intellectual  advancement,  by  rendering  the  acquisition 
of  knowledge  pleasant,  and  by  training  the  pupil  to  correct  habits  of  thought  and  reflection. 

The  proper  exercise  of  the  social  feelings  will  be  encouraged  by  inculcating  whatever  belongs 
to  refined  manners  and  dignified  courtesy  in  our  intercourse  with  others;  while  reading,  recita- 
tions and  expositions  from  the  Bible,  will  familiarize  the  mind  with  the  truths  of  our  holy  religion, 
and  imbue  the  heart  with  right  principles  of  action,  and  rules  for  the  government  of  life. 

The  institution  already  takes  rank  with  our  oldest  Seminaries,  and  enjoys  a liberal  patron- 
age from  the  city  of  Baltimore  and  from  the  Middle,  Southern  and  ‘Western  States. 


FACULTY  OZF  IIPTSTZRTTOTIOIsT- 


N.  C.  Brooks,  A.  M.,  Prof.  Ancient  Languages. 

D.  R.  Coover,  A.  B.,  Mathematics  and  Nat.  Science. 
Miss  Mary  L.  Brooks,  Belles  Lettres , Ac. 
u Mary  A.  Homans,  English  and  History. 

1 1 Harriet  A . Gere,  English , §c. 

11  Sarah  A.  Bowles,  Physiology. 


Mons.  E.  Ivett,  Painting. 

“ J.  La  Reintrie,  French  Language. 
11  Fr.  Zerlaut,  Guitar. 

Miss  Ellen  C.  Gobright,  Piano. 

11  Eliza  A.  Brooks,  Piano. 

Mr.  C.  S.  Root,  Vocal  Music. 


E 2C  IE9  E I sT  S E S . 

Board  and  Tuition  per  Annual  Session,  $200 — Board  and  Tuition  for  pupils  under  12  years,  $160. 
Music,  Painting,  and  Modern  Languages  extra  charge. 

For  Circulars  containing  full  information,  address,  at  No.  53  St.  Paul  street, 

N.  C.  BROOKS,  President. 


THE  CITY  OF  WASHINGTON. 


Recapitulation. 

Daily number  5 circulation  19,640 

Tri-weekly “ 5 “ 10,227 

Weekly “ 9 “ 72,489 

Monthly '*  1 M 2,000 

"Washington  and  Georgetown  are  the  only  cities  within  the  District:  their  description  ia 
briefly  as  follows : 

THE  CITY  OF  WASHINGTON. 

"Washington,  the  national  metropolis  of  the  United  States,  i3  beautifully  and  con- 
veniently situated  on  a gently  undulating  surface  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Potomac, 
between  Rock  Creek  and  the  Anacostia  or  Eastern  Branch.  The  city  extends 
northwest  and  southeast  about  four  and  a half  miles,  and  from  the  east  to  south 
about  two  and  a half  miles.  The  public  buildings  occupy  the  most  elevated  and 
convenient  situations.  The  streets  run  north  and  south,  east  and  west,  crossing  each 
other  at  right  angles,  with  the  exception  of  fifteen  that  point  to  the  states,  of  which  they 
severally  bear  the  names.  The  capitol  commands  the  streets  called  Maryland,  Delaware, 
and  Pennsylvania  avenues;  the  President’s  house  those  of  Pennsylvania,  Vermont,  New- 
York  and  Connecticut,  and  all  these  different  intersections  form  eleven  hundred  and 
seventy  squares.  Pennsylvania  avenue,  which  stretches  in  a direct  line  from  Georgetown 
to  the  Eastern  Branch,  passing  the  President’s  house  to  the  Capitol,  is  four  miles  in  length 
and  160  feet  in  width  between  these  edifices,  and  130  feet  east  of  the  capitol  and  west  of 
the  President’s  house.  The  streets,  which  are  from  70  to  100  feet  wide,  will  give  a fine  ap- 
pearance to  the  city ; but  as  yet,  few  are  built  upon.  The  whole  area  of  the  city  is  about 
3,016  acres,  and  its  circumference  about  14  miles. 

The  longitude  of  the  capitol  was  determined  in  1821  by  calculations  made  by  Wm. 
Lambert,  from  observations  conducted  by  Wm.  Elliot,  under  the  authority  of  Congress,  to 
be  seventy-seven  degrees,  one  minute  and  forty-eight  seconds  (77°  01'  48'')  west  from  the 
observatory  of  Greenwich,  and  the  latitude  thirty-eight  degrees,  fifty-five  minutes  and 
forty-eight  seconds  (38°  55'  48")  north. 

Washington  is  nearly  surrounded  by  a fine  amphitheatre  of  hills  of  moderate  elevation, 
covered  with  trees  and  shrubbery,  and  commanding  from  many  points  picturesque  scenery 
and  extensive  views  of  the  Potomac,  or  “ River  of  Swans,”  which,  descending  from  the 
Alleghany  Mountains  and  winding  its  way  for  nearly  four  hundred  miles  through  a fer- 
tile and  most  attractive  country,  expands  into  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  finally  through  its 
ample  waters  mingles  itself  with  the  ocean.  The  environs  of  the  city  abound  in  the  most 
eligible  sites  for  villas  and  country  seats  for  the  wealthy  and  retired,  and  such  will  doubt- 
lessly be  multiplied  as  the  great  advantages  of  the  metropolis  become  more  extensively 
known. 

The  first  recorded  communication  in  regard  to  the  laying  out  of  the  city  is  from  the  pen 
of  General  Washington,  dated  March  11,  1791 ; and  in  a letter  dated  April  30,  1791,  he 
calls  it  the  Federal  City.  About  four  months  later  the  name  which  it  now  bears,  City  of 
Washington , was  adopted  by  the  commissioners  appointed  to  lay  it  out.  The  original  pro- 
prietors of  the  land,  Daniel  Carroll,  Notley  Young,  David  Burns,  and  Samuel  Davidson, 
in  consideration  of  the  great  benefits  which  they  expected  to  derive  from  the  location  of 
the  seat  of  government,  conveyed  in  trust  to  the  commissioners  for  the  use  of  the  public, 
and  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  the  city,  the  whole  of  their  respective  lands  which 
were  included  within  the  lines  of  the  city,  upon  condition  that  after  retaining  for  the  pub- 
lic the  ground  of  the  streets,  and  any  number  of  squares  that  the  President  might  think 
proper  for  public  improvements  or  other  public  uses,  the  lots  should  be  equally  divided 
between  the  public  and  the  respective  proprietors.  By  this  means  the  public  obtained 
possession  of  more  than  10,000  lots;  from  which,  in  addition  to  a donation  of  $192,000 
from  Virginia  and  Maryland,  funds  were  to  be  raised  to  defray  the  expenses  of  the  public 
buildings  and  other  necessary  objects.  A French  engineer,  Major  L’Enfant,  was  employed 
in  1791  to  furnish  a plan,  and  lay  out  the  city ; but  owing  to  some  difference  between 
him  and  the  commissioners  he  was  soon  dismissed,  and  Mr.  Ellicott,  in  1792,  was  appoint- 
ed. The  corner  stone  of  the  capitol  was  laid  with  masonic  honors  on  the  18th  September, 
1793,  and  the  city  was  first  occupied  as  the  seat  of  the  general  government  in  1800. 


302 


BALTIMORE  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


SUCCESSOR  TO  J.  S.  ROBINSON, 

DEALER  IN 


©r  ALU  ©BS©mPTI©NS, 

No.  s !3.  Cliarles  street, 

©AlLTIISa(D!ES> 

Has  for  sale  at  the  Manufacturers’  wholesale  cash  prices,  the  writing  papers  of 


Owen  & Hurlbut, 
Warren,  Wheeler  & Co. 
R.  & A.  H.  Hubbard, 
Dickey  & Lisle, 


Platner  & Smith, 
Platner  & Porter, 
J.  McDowell, 
Goodwin  & Co. 


EMBRACING  EVERY  VARIETY  OF 


m9  MOTS  AN©  €M>  swm 


White,  Blue,  Ruled,  Plain,  Wove  and  Laid;  also,  Flat  Cap  and  all  other  Paper 
wanted  in  the  manufacture  of  Blank  Books. 

Also,  constantly  in  store  every  quality  of  Book  and  News 

PBINTINTG  DP  .A.  PER, 

Printers’  Cards,  Card  Boards,  and  colored  Glazed  Printing  Paper  ; together  with 

an  endless  variety  of 

Including  Manilla  Papers  of  all  sizes,  Hardware  Paper  of  various  sizes  and  thick- 
ness, Hatters’,  Druggists’,  Grocers’,  Shoe,  and  Tissue  Papers;  Post  Office  and 
Blank  Envelopes.  Also,  a complete  stock  of  Straw  Boards,  Binders’,  Trunk  and 
Bonnet  Boards. 

Also,  for  sale  at  Manufacturers’  prices, 

PROUT’S  CELEBRATED  PRINTING  INK. 

Together  with  a full  supply  of  Paper  Manufacturers’  Materials,  such  as  Bleach- 
ing Powders,  Alum,  Vitriol,  Twine,  Feltings,  &c. 

All  orders  promptly  attended  to. 


THE  CITY  OF  WASHINGTON. 


The  public  buildings  of  Washington  are  the  Cap’tol,  the  Executive  Mansion,  the  State 
Offices,  Treasury  Buildings,  War  Offices,  Navy  Offices,  Offices  of  the  Secretary  of  the  In- 
terior, Post-Office,  Office  of  the  Attorney-General,  National  Observatory,  the  Arsenal, 
Navy  Yard,  Smithsonian  Institute,  National  Medical  College,  Columbian  College,  Coast 
Survey  Office,  City  Hall,  National  Institute,  numerous  churches,  the  hotels,  and  many 
others  devoted  to  a variety  of  useful,  literary,  and  benevolent  purposes. 

The  Capitol  is  situate  on  an  area  of  30  acres,  inclosed  by  an  iron  railing.  The  build- 
ing stands  on  the  western  portion  of  this  plat,  and  is  so  elevated  as  to  command  a 
view  of  the  entire  city,  including  Georgetown  Heights,  the  windings  of  the  Potomac,  and 
the  city  of  Alexandria.  It  was  commenced  in  1793,  with  Mr.  Hallet  as  architect,  who 
was  succeeded  in  that  capacity  by  Mr.  Hadfield,  Mr.  Hoban,  and  Mr.  Latrobe.  During 
the  embargo  the  works  Avere  suspended,  and  as  the  British  subsequently  demolished  much 
of  what  had  been  accomplished  by  the  above  gentlemen,  the  government  in  1815  found  it 
necessary  to  reconstruct  the  whole  edifice.  It  was  finished,  as  it  now  stands,  under  the 
superintendence  of  Mr.  C.  Bulfinch.  The  exterior  exhibits  a rusticated  basement  of  the 
height  of  the  first  story,  the  two  other  stories  are  comprised  in  a Corinthian  elevation  of 
pilasters  and  columns ; these  columns,  which  are  thirty  feet  in  height,  form  an  advancing 
portico,  on  the  east,  one  hundred  and  sixty  feet  in  extent,  the  centre  of  which  is  crowned 
with  a pediment  of  eighty  feet  span  ; while  a receding  loggia  one  hundred  feet  in  extent 
distinguishes  the  centre  of  the  west  front.  The  building  is  surrounded  by  a balustrade  of 
stone,  and  covered  with  a lofty  dome  in  the  centre,  and  a flat  dome  on  each  wing.  The 
dimensions  of  the  building  are,  length  of  front  352  feet  4 inches,  depth  of  wings  121  feet 
6 inches,  and  the  height  to  the  top  of  centre  dome  145  feet.  The  cost  up  to  1828,  when 
it  may  be  said  to  have  been  completed,  was  nearly  $1,800,000.  During  the  session  of  Con- 
gress, 1850-51,  appropriations  were  made  for  the  further  enlargement  of  the  Capitol  by  the 
addition  of  two  new  wings  of  238  by  140  feet  each  wing ; and  when  these  are  completed, 
the  whole  Capitol,  including  the  space  between  the  wings  and  the  main  building,  will 
cover  an  area  of  four  and  one-third  acres.  The  corner-stone  of  the  extension  was  laid  by 
President  Fillmore  on  the  4th  of  July,  1851,  with  Masonic  ceremonies,  on  which  occasion 
the  Hon.  Daniel  Webster  delivered  a brilliant  oration. 

The  Senate  Chamber  is  in  the  second  story  of  the  north  wing,  of  a semi-circular  form, 
3eventy-five  feet  long,  and  forty-five  high;  a screen  of  Ionic  columns,  with  capitals,  sup- 
port a gallery  to  the  east,  forming  a loggia  below  ; and  a gallery  of  iron  pillars  and  railings 
of  a light  structure,  projects  from  the  circular  walls,  and  the  dome  ceilings  are  enriched 
with  square  caissons  of  stucco.  The  walls  are  partially  covered  with  drapery,  and  columns 
of  breccia , or  Potomac  marble,  support  the  eastern  gallery.  The  chamber,  upon  the  whole, 
is  a handsome  affair ; but  it  is  now  felt  to  be  too  small  for  the  comfort  of  so  large  a body 
as  that  which  annually  convenes  there,  and  the  access  to  it  is  notoriously  inconvenient. 
The  only  painting  which  adorns  the  Senate  Chamber  is  a portrait  of  Washington. 

The  Hall  of  Representatives  is  also  of  a semi-circular  form,  and  of  course  much  larger 
than  the  Senate  Chamber.  It  is  in  the  second  story  of  the  south  wing,  ninety-six  feet 
long  and  sixty  feet  high.  It  is  surrounded  with  twenty-four  columns  of  the  variegated 
Potomac  marble,  with  capitals  of  white  Italian  marble  of  the  Corinthian  order,  and  sur- 
mounting a base  of  freestone,  and  the  dome  of  the  hall  is  painted  in  imitation  of  that  of 
the  Pantheon  of  Rome.  From  the  centre  of  the  dome  hangs  a massive  gilt  chandelier, 
and  high  over  the  Speaker’s  chair,  which  is  elevated  and  canopied,  is  placed  the  model  of 
a colossal  figure  of  Liberty  supported  by  an  eagle  just  ready  to  fly,  the  work  of  Italian 
artists  named  Causici  and  Yalaperti,  the  last  of  whom  is  thought  to  have  committed  sui- 
cide soon  after  accomplishing  this  work.  In  front  of  the  chair,  and  immediately  over  the 
main  entrance,  stands  a statue  in  marble  representing  History  recording  the  events  of  the 
nation.  She  is  placed  on  a winged  car,  rolling  around  a globe,  on  which  are  delineated 
the  signs  of  the  Zodiac,  and  the  wheel  of  the  car  is  the  face  of  the  clock  of  the  hall ; and 
this  is  also  the  work  of  a foreign  artist  named  Franzoni.  Two  full-length  portraits, 
one  of  Washington  and  one  of  Lafayette,  adorn  the  walls  on  either  side  of  the  chair,  and 
in  every  direction  are  displayed  ample  folds  of  crimson  drapery.  The  galleries  of  this  hall 
are  so  extensive  as  nearly  to  encircle  it,  and  the  general  arrangement  of  the  room  is 
such  as  to  render  the  members  and  the  audience  as  comfortable  as  possible. 

A few  of  the  regulations  which  appertain  to  the  Senate  Chamber  and  the  Hall  of 
Representatives  during  the  sessions  of  Congress  may  here  be  mentioned.  The  gentleman 
whose  duty  it  is  to  preside  in  the  former  is  the  Vice-President  of  the  United  States ; but 
the  Speaker  of  the  House  is  elected  to  that  position  from  its  own  body,  and  serves  during 
all  the  sessions  of  one  Congress.  The  only  persons,  besides  the  members,  admitted  to 


NOW  BEING  ERECTED  BY  THE  PEOPLE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  IN 
THE  CITY  OF  WASHINGTON. 


THE  CITY  OF  WASHINGTON. 


the  floors  of  the  two  chambers,  are  the  President  and  his  Secretary,  the  Heads  of  the 
Departments  and  Bureaus,  the  Diplomatic  Corps,  all  Governors  of  States,  and  all  the  ex- 
members of  Congress,  ex-Presidents,  and  ex-Governors,  &c.,  &c. ; as  a privilege,  how- 
ever, the  members  can  in  person  convey  any  friend  to  a seat  in  the  lobby  of  the  Senate 
or  House.  The  regular  business  hours  in  the  legislative  halls,  during  the  sittings  of  Con- 
gress, are  from  12  to  3 o’clock;  but  when  there  is  a pressure  of  business,  towards  the  close 
of  a session,  it  is  customary  to  sit  day  and  night,  for  many  hours  continuously. 

The  next  interesting  feature  of  the  Capitol  to  be  described  is  the  Rotundo.  It  occu- 
pies the  centre,  and  is  ninety-six  feet  in  diameter,  and  the  same  number  of  feet  high.  The 
dome  is  hemispherical  and  filled  with  large  plain  caissons ; the  room  in  its  circuit  is  divided 
into  eight  panels,  intended  for  paintings,  seven  of  which  are  already  filled  ; and  stationed 
between  these  panels  are  four  bas-relievos  of  historical  subjects,  one  representing  the 
Preservation  of  Capt.  Smith  by  Pocahontas , one  the  Landing  of  the  Pilgrims  on  Plymouth 
Rock , one  the  Gonjiict  between  Daniel  Boone  and  the  Indians , and  the  other  Penn's  Treaty 
with  the  Indians.  In  addition  to  these  specimens  of  sculpture  are  also  displayed,  encircled 
with  floral  wreaths,  the  heads  of  Columbus , Raleigh , La  Salle , and  Cabot ; — all  these  pro- 
ductions of  the  chisel  being  from  the  hands  of  Causici  and  Capellano . In  niches  on  the  out- 
side of  the  east  door  are  also  two  statues  of  colossal  size  representing  Peace  and  War,  from 
the  chisel  of  Persico.  Of  the  paintings  four  are  by  Col . John  Trumbull , one  by  Weir,  one 
by  Vanclerlyn , and  one  by  Chapman ; — the  order  for  the  remaining  vacancy  not  having 
yet  been  filled.  The  subjects  of  Trumbull’s  pictures  are  first,  the  “ Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence,” the  essential  object  of  which  was,  to  preserve  the  portraits  of  the  men  who 
were  the  authors  of  that  Declaration.  As  Col.  Trumbull  was  one  of  the  aids  of  General 
Washington  in  the  Revolutionary  War,  he  had  the  best  of  opportunities  for  obtaining  the 
portraits  from  the  living  men,  and  the  consequence  is  that  we. have  authentic  likenesses 
in  this  picture  of  the  worthies  personated.  The  second  of  Trumbull's  pictures  represents 
the  “ Surrender  of  General  Burgoyne."  To  the  intelligent  spectator  it  will  tell  its  own 
story.  The  third  of  the  Revolutionary  paintings  represents  the  “ Surrender  of  the 
British  Army , commanded  by  Lord  Cornwallis,  at  Yorktown , in  Virginia."  This  picture 
contains  the  portraits  of  the  principal  officers  of  America,  Prance  and  England.  The 
fourth  and  last  of  Trumbull’s  paintings  represents  the  u Resignation  of  General  Washing- 
ton at  Annapolis.  The  subjects  of  the  remaining  pictures  are  the  “ Embarkation  of  the 
Pilgrims  from  Leyden ,”  by  Weir  ; the  “ Landing  of  Columbus,"  by  Vanderlyn  ; and  the 
“ Baptism  of  Pocahontas ,”  by  Chapman.  As  these  illustrate  scenes  connected  with  the 
very  earliest  history  of  our  country,  none  but  the  leading  figures  are  to  be  considered  in 
the  aspect  of  authentic  portraits. 

The  Congressional  Library  is  unquestionably  one  of  the  chief  attractions  of  the 
Capitol.  The  principal  room,  of  which  there  are  three,  faces  the  west,  and  is  a 
large  and  handsome  affair,  ninety-two  feet  long,  thirty-four  wide,  and  thirty-six 
high;  divided  into  twelve  alcoves,  ornamented  with  fluted  pilasters,  and  in  every 
direction  are  displayed  portraits  and  busts,  cases  of  medals  and  other  works  of  ark 
The  number  of  volumes  which  it  contains  is  about  50,000,  and  the  catalogue,  which  is 
arranged  on  the  system  of  Lord  Bacon,  comprises  the  following  table  of  chapters : Ancient 
History,  Modern  History,  of  all  the  countries  of  Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  and  America, 
American  Newspapers,  Ecclesiastical  History,  Natural  Philosophy,  Agriculture,  Chemistry, 
Surgery,  Medicine,  Anatomy,  Zoology,  Botany,  Mineralogy  and  Conchology,  Occupations 
of  Man,  Technical  Arts,  Ethics,  Religion,  Common  Law,  Reports  in  every  department  of 
Learning  and  Legislation,  Politics,  Mathematics,  Astronomy,  Geograph}7-,  Pine  Arts,  and 
all  the  Standards  in  Polite  Literature,  with  many  valuable  Original  Manuscripts.  The 
original  library,  which  was  collected  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Gallatin  and  Mr.  Mitchell, 
in  1800,  was  destroyed  by  fire  during  the  last  war,  and  that  which  now  enriches 
the  Capitol,  was  founded  upon  one  which  was  purchased  by  Congress,  in  1814,  of  Thomas 
Jefferson,  for  $23,000.  The  yearly  average  increase  is  about  1,800  volumes.  The  sum 
of  $5,000  is  annually  appropriated  by  Congress  for  miscellaneous  books,  and  $1,000  for 
law  books.  In  1851  the  library  lost  many  valuable  wuVks  from  an  accidental  fire.  The 
affairs  of  the  library  are  indirectly  in  charge  of  a Library  Committee,  consisting  of  mem- 
bers from  the  two  houses  of  Congress,  but  the  immediate  superintendents  are  a librarian 
and  two  assistants.  The  public  in  general  are  privileged  to  visit  the  library  and  examine 
books  on  the  spot,  but  members  of  Congress  and  the  officers  of  the  Executive  De- 
partments are  all  who  enjoy  the  privilege  of  taking  away  any  books  that  they  may 
desire. 

The  apartment  for  the  accommodation  of  the  Supreme  Court  is  an  ill-arranged,  incon- 

39 


WASHINGTON  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


306 

JSP* JErfL 2E3  BRO, 

v=/  ^ ^ «/g 

Cor.  Eleventh  St.  and  Pennsylvania  Avenue, 

W AS  HI USSr®®®  SS1 9 3B)o  ©o 

Dealers  in  Pure  Drugs,  Medicines,  Chemicals,  Fine  Perfumery,  Toilet  Articles, 
Fancy  Soaps ; Fine  Hair,  Nail  and  Tooth  Brushes.  Also,  Pure  Wines  and  Li- 
quors for  Medicinal  purposes  exclusively. 

Ford  & Bro.,  sole  Agents  for  the  sale  of  Thompson’s  JLife  Preser- 
ver and  IHarrhcea  Cordial,  wholesale  and  retail. 

N.  B. — Unusual  care  exercised  in  compounding  physicians’  prescriptions  at  all 
hours  of  the  day  or  night. 

FASHIONABLE  MILLINERY. 


in/EIFL  £3  . L.  iLLLEKT, 

No.  305  Penn.  Av.,  South  Side,  bet.  9th  & 10th  Sts. 

xxjy\ABcuyMa^  xm  kancl  xx  xx|xx>\bm€ml  xx^ 

m tcl 


Consisting  of  Flowers,  Feathers,  Ribbons,  Head  Dresses,  and  a variety  of  Bon- 
nets suitable  for  each  season. 

3EK*  3BE*  VOSS, 

DEALER  IK  ALL  KINDS  OF 

iTaiihj  frnrnml 

WINES,  LIQUORS,  CIGARS,  &c. 

Southeast  Corner  of  Tenth  Street  and  Pennsylvania  Avenue, 


WAiBEENSfON,  3D>. 


CHARLES  WERNER’S 


355  Pennsylvania  Avenue  and  270  B Street, 


No.  268  B STREET, 

&3T  Wines  and  Liquors  of  the  finest  quality,  wholesale  and  retail. 


THE  CITY  OF  WASHINGTON. 


venient  and  badly  lighted  room,  in  the  basement  under  the  Senate  Chamber.  It  is  semi- 
circular in  shape,  with  manifold  arches;  and  on  the  wall  is  an  emblem  of  Justice,  holding 
her  scales,  in  bold  relief,  and  also  a figure  of  Fame  crowned  with  the  rising  sun,  and  point- 
ing to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States.  The  members  of  the  bar  are  accommodated 
with  seats  and  desks  in  the  body  of  the  room  ; and  the  justices  occupy  a row  of  elevated 
seats,  and  appear  in  their  official  capacity  clothed  in  black  silk  gowns  or  robes. 

In  addition  to  the  apartments  of  the  Capitol  already  specified,  it  should  be  mentioned 
that  there  is  also  a large  number  of  ordinary,  but  well  furnished  rooms,  which  are  occu- 
pied by  the  Vice-President,  the  Speaker  of  the  House,  and  other  officers,  by  the  Post- 
masters of  Congress,  the  Public  Documents,  and  the  Committees  of  the  two  houses. 

In  regard  to  the  Capitol  grounds  we  have  only  to  say,  that  they  are  not  only  exten- 
sive, but  are  kept  in  the  very  neatest  order,  constituting  one  of  the  very  pleasantest  and 
most  popular  resorts  for  promenading  to  be  found  in  the  metropolis.  They  command 
most  charming  prospects  of  the  surrounding  country,  are  adorned  with  a great  variety  of 
American  trees,  fountains  and  basins  of  pure  water  enliven  them  in  various  parts,  and  an 
air  of  superior  refinement  is  given  to  them,  by  a number  of  pieces  of  statuary,  the  most 
attractive  specimens  being  a statue  of  Washington,  by  Greenough,  and  a pair  of  Colum- 
bus and  an  Indian  Woman,  by  Persico,  the  former  occupying  the  centre  of  a square  east 
of  the  Capitol,  and  the  two  others  appropriate  places  on  the  eastern  portico. 

Hear  the  western  entrance  of  the  Capitol  stands  a monument  erected  by  the  officers  of 
the  navy  to  the  memory  of  their  brother  officers  who  fell  in  the  war  with  Tripoli.  It  is 
of  marble,  rises  out  of  a pool  or  basin  of  water,  and  is  forty  feet  high.  On  one  side  of  the 
base  is  a view  of  Tripoli  and  the  American  fleet ; on  another  the  words,  u To  the  Memory 
of  Sommers,  Caldwell,  Decatur,  Wordsworth,  Dorsey,  Israel;”  and  on  another  side,  a 
brief  but  comprehensive  history.  At  the  base  of  the  column  are  four  marble  emblematic 
figures,  Mercury,  Fame,  History,  and  America:  the  column  has  also  appropriate  embel- 
lishments, and  is  surmounted  by  an  eagle. 

The  Executive  Mansion  is  situated  at  the  west  end  of  the  city,  at  the  intersection  of 
Pennsylvania,  New-York,  Connecticut  and  Vermont  avenues.  It  occupies  the  centre  of 
a plot  of  20  acres,  and  has  an  elevation  of  44  feet  above  the  waters  of  the  Potomac. 
The  grounds  are  partially  laid  out  in  gardens,  &c.,  but  are  still  in  an  unfinished  state. 
The  mansion  is  170  feet  front,  and  86  feet  deep,  built  of  white  freestone,  with  Ionic 
pilasters  comprehending  two  lofty  stories  of  rooms  crowned  with  a stone  balustrade.  The 
north  front  is  ornamented  with  a lofty  portico  of  four  Ionic  columns  in  front,  and  pro- 
jecting with  three  columns.  The  outer  inter-columniation  is  for  carriages  to  drive  under, 
and  place  company  under  shelter : the  middle  space  is  for  those  visitors  who  come  on 
foot;  the  steps  from  both  leading  to  a broad  platform  in  front  of  the  door  of  entrance. 
The  garden  front  is  varied  by  having  a rusticated  basement  story  under  the  Ionic  ordon- 
nance,  and  by  a semi-circular  projecting  colonnade  of  six  columns,  with  two  flights  of 
steps  leading  from  the  ground  to  the  level  of  the  principal  storjr. 

The  interior  arrangements  of  the  Executive  Mansion  are,  of  course,  elegant  and  con- 
venient, well  adapted  to  the  various  purposes  to  which  the  building  was  designed ; and  as 
the  rooms,  both  public  and  private,  are  newly  furnished  with  the  coming  in  of  every  new 
administration,  we  deem  it  unnecessary  to  trouble  the  reader  with  elaborate  descriptions. 
All  the  public  rooms  may  be  examined  by  strangers  at  any  time,  but  his  Excellency,  the 
President,  can  only  be  seen  during  those  hours  which  he  is  pleased  to  designate.  During 
the  sessions  of  Congress  the  President  usually  has  two  reception  evenings,  on  which  oc- 
casions the  public  at  large  are  privileged  to  pay  him ’their  respects  and  promenade  the 
famous  East  Room.  In  addition  to  this,  it  is  generally  expected  of  him  that  during  each 
winter  he  will  entertain  at  dinner  all  the  members  of  both  houses  of  Congress  and  the 
Diplomatic  Corps,  so  that  the  official  dinners  have  to  be  given  by  him  as  often  as  twice  a 
week.  The  grounds  immediately  around  the  mansion  are  quite  beautiful  in  themselves, 
but  they  present  a particularly  fine  appearance  during  those  summer  afternoons  when  the 
citizens  of  Washington  assemble  there  by  hundreds  and  thousands  for  the  purpose  of 
enjoying  the  music  of  the  Marine  Hand  and  the  pleasure  of  a fashionable  promenade. 

In  the  centre  of  the  small  square  immediately  in  front  of  the  President’s  house,  stands 
a bronze  statue  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  executed  by  whom  we  know  not,  but  presented  to 
the  government  by  Capt.  Levy  of  the  United  States  Navy,  the  present  proprietor  of  Monti- 
cello,  the  former  abode  of  Mr.  Jefferson.  It  is  a handsome  piece  of  statuary,  and  in  its 
present  position  has  quite  a commanding  appearance.  Directly  across  Pennsylvania 
avenue  from  the  above-mentioned  square,  is  Lafayette  square,  which,  as  before  intimated, 
has  recently  been  laid  out  in  fashionable  style,  and  planted  with  new  shrubbery.  Mills' 


308 


WASHINGTON  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


WASHINGTON,  D.  €. 


Z.  D.  GILMAN 

Has  opened  his  new  and  ele- 
gant Drug  Store  on  the  site  for 
many  years  occupied  by  him, 

No  350  Penn.  Av. 

J Between  6th  and  7th  Sits. 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

The  Store  is  fitted  up  in  a 
style  of  excellence  unsurpassed 
by  any  house  of  the  kind  in  the 
country.  His  stock  of  fine 

CHEMICALS, 

Jamils  Slftoints, 

c&5c. 

Is  very  comprehensive,  and 
from  his  long  practical  experi- 
ence in  the  business,  (nearly  a 
quarter  of  a century.)  it  prom- 
ises to  be  a favorite  resort  for 
Physicians  and  others  in  want 
of  puie  and  unadulterated  Med- 
icines— for  none  others  will  be 
sold  where  there  is  a shadow  of 
doubt  as  to  their  purity.  Among 
the  many  articles  of  which  he 
is  Proprietor,  a few  only  are 
named. 

7 S3 

INSTANTANEOUS 

LIQUID  HA  SR  DYE. 

Gilman’s  Hair  Dye  has  re-  ==j 
ceived  the  first  Diploma;  also, 
at  the  late  fair  of  the  Metropol- 
itan Institute,  the  prize  silver 
medal, which  places  it  far  ahead 


of  all  hair  dyes.  It  only  is  used 
in  the  fashionable  circles  of 
Washington,  and  in  the  princi- 
pal cities  of  the  United  States, 
all  other  preparations  having 
diedout.  Itproducesajetblack 
or  glossy  brown,  as  required, 
instantaneously,  without  injury 
to  the  hair,  but  on  the  contrary, 
renders  it  soft,  giving  it  at  the 
same  time,  a perfecily  natural 
appearance.  Does  not  stain  the 
skin.  

Gilman’s  Hair  Dye  is  the  on’y 
article  now  used  in  this  city. 
Gentlemen  who  wear  whiskers 
or  moustaches  of  a gray  or  red- 
dish hue,  wishing  to  attend  a 
ball  or  party,  can  appear  in  a 
suit  of  black,  by  devoting  one 
additional  minute  at  their  toilet 
in  using  the  very  celebrated  ar- 
ticle which  heads  this  notice. — 
Philadelphia  Ledger. 

The  introduction  of  Gilman’s 
Instantaneous  Hair  Dye  to  the 
public,  whicji  changes  in  a mo- 
ment any  colored  hair  to  a l eau- 
tiful  and  permanent  black,  has 
produced  more  happiness  in  the 
community,  by  driving  out  of 
use  the  worthless  preparations 
with  which  this  country  has 
b^en  flooded  for  a few  years 
past,  than  any  invention  that 
we  know  of .—Port.  Advertiser. 


Handsome  Whiskers. — To 
procure  these  much-desired  or- 
naments, use  Gilman’s  Instan- 
taneous Liquid  Hair  Dye,  man- 
ufactured byZ.  D.  GiLMAN, 
Chemist,  city  of  Washington. — 
Boston  Museum. 


Sold  by  all  respectable  Druggists  and  Hair-dressers  in  the  country.  Principal  Depot  at  the  New  Drug  Store, 
350  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  where  all  orders  will  be  promptly  filled. 

GILMAN’S  STIMULATING  LINIMENT 

Will  speedily  cure  Chronic  and  acute  Rheumatism,  as  can  be  proven  by  hundreds  who  have  used  it  in  this  city. 
It  will  also  cure  Sprains,  Lameness,  Strains,  Biuises,  Saddle  Galls,  &c.  in  horses,  for  which  purpose  it  was 
originally  prepared.  TWENTY-FIVE  CENTS  PER  BOTTLE. 

WISTAR5S  COUGH  LOZENGES, 

A safe  and  effectual  remedy  for  Coughs,  Colds,  tickling  in  the  Throat.  Prepared  from  the  original  recipe,  by 
Z.  D.  Gilman.  TWENTY- FIVE  CENTS  PER  BOX. 

PAINTS.  OILS  AND  WINDOW-GLASS, 

A large  stock  kept  constantly  on  hand,  and  will  be  sold  very  low  for  cash,  or  to  punctual  customers.  British 
and  French  Plate  for  Stores  and  Dwellings  of  any  size,  however  large,  for  sale  at  importers’  New’  York  prices,. 
Ornamental  and  Stained  Glass  of  every  variety  of  pattern,  furnished  at  short  notice.  Samples  can  be  seen  at 
the  Store. 

I would  especially  call  the  attention  of  builders  and  gentlemen  about  erecting  buildings  to  the  above,  as  by 
purchasing  of  me  they  will  save  about  twenty-five  per  cent.,  besides  the  risk  of  transportation,  which  is  an  item 
worthy  of  consideration.  Green-house'  and  hot  bed  Glass  always  on  hand  at  manufacturer’s  prices. 

Z.  D.  GILMAN,  Druggist, 

350  Pennsylvania  Avenue. 


THE  CITY  OF  WASHINGTON. 


equestrian  statue  of  General  Jackson,  which  is  to  occupy  its  centre,  is  a work  of  superior 
merit.  It  is  in  bronze,  and  cast  from  certain  cannon  captured  by  General  Jackson  in 
some  of  his  military  engagements. 

The  State  Department,  which  stands  north-east  of  the  President’s  house  and  within 
the  same  inclosure,  is  a plain  brick  building,  two  stories  high,  160  feet  long  and  55  wide, 
with  a broad  passage  on  both  floors,  and  containing  in  all  32  rooms.  It  contains  a hand- 
some library  of  books,  maps  and  charts,  numbering  perhaps  some  15,000  distinct  works, 
which  are  indispensable  in  the  performance  of  the  extensive  and  varied  duties  of  the  de- 
partment. In  addition  to  this  collection,  the  Copyright  Bureau  contains  some  10  or 
12,000  volumes  published  in  this  country,  which  are  kept  with  care  as  part  and  parcel  of 
the  archives  of  the  government.  It  is  the  department  through  which  alone  the  diplo- 
matic corps  and  all  foreigners  can  bold  any  intercourse  with  the  government-  of  the 
United  States,  and  is  of  course  the  head-quarters  of  all  the  American  Ministers  and 
Consuls. 

The  Treasury  Department  stands  at  the  eastern  extremity  of  the  President’s  square, 
(so  called,)  and  is  a stone  edifice,  painted  white,  340  feet  long,  and  170  wide,  but  when 
the  northern  and  southern  wings  are  added,  it  will  be  457  feet  in  length.  In  front  is  an 
imposing  colonnade,  stretching  the  entire  length  of  the  building,  and  the  architect  of  the 
whole  was  Robert  Mills.  It  has  three  floors  upon  which  business  is  transacted,  on  each  end 
of  which  are  nearly  fifty  apartments.  This  is  the  department  where  all  the  financial  and 
commercial  affairs  of  the  country  are  attended  to,  and  the  amount  of  labor  performed 
here  at  times  is  immense.  A good  legal  library  is  attached  to  this  department. 

The  War  Department  building  occupies  the  northwest  corner  of  the  President’s  square, 
and  is  precisely  similar  in  design  to  the  State  Department.  It  is  the  head-quarters  of  all 
the  officers  of  the  army,  and  the  mainspring  of  all  the  military  movements.  This  depart- 
ment comprises  the  War  Office  proper,  the  Quartermaster’s  Department,  the  Engineer’s 
Department,  Bureau  of  Topographical  Engineers,  Ordnance  Office,  Subsistence  Depart- 
ment, Pay  Department,  Medical  Department,  Office  of  Adjutant-General,  and  the  head- 
quarters of  the  Major-General  or  military  Commander-in-chief  of  the  Army.  The  War 
Department  is  furnished  with  a valuable  library  of  some  10,000  volumes. 

The  Navy  Department  building  lies  directly  west  of  the  President’s  house,  and  in  the 
rear  of  the  War  Department.  It  has  five  bureaus,  exclusive  of  the  Secretary’s  office,  viz: 
— Bureau  of  the  Navy  Yards  and  Docks,  Bureau  of  Construction,  Equipment  and  Repair  ■ 
Bureau  of  Provisions  and  Clothing,  Bureau  of  Ordnance  and  Hydrography,  and  Bureau 
cf  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

The  Department  of  the  Interior,  or  Home  Department,  is  the  most  extensive  con- 
nected with  the  government.  The  building  which  it  is  destined  to  occupy,  is  yet  un- 
finished ; but  when  completed  it  will  be  the  most  extensive  and  most  interesting  in  the 
metropolis.  A portion  of  it  is  already  occupied  by  one  of  the  bureaus  of  the  department, 
(the  Patent  Office,)  and  also  by  the  museum  of  the  National  Institute.  The  titles  of  the 
bureaus  connected  with  the  Interior.  Department  are  as  follows : — Land  Office,  Patent 
Office,  Indian  Office,  and  Pension  Office.  As  its  name  indicates,  this  department  has  to 
do  exclusively  with  all  those  matters  bearing  upon  the  internal  economy  of  the  United 
States,  and  is,  of  course,  increasing  in  importance  with  every  successive  year.  A library 
of  some  five  thousand  volumes  is  attached  to  this  department.  In  the  second  story  of 
the  building  now  occupied  by  the  Patent  Office  are  the  invaluable  relics  of  Washington, 
including  his  camp  chest,  the  original  Declaration  of  Independence,  the  gifts  presented 
from  time  to  time  to  the  government  by  foreign  powers,  Franklin’s  printing  press,  a col- 
lection of  Indian  portraits  by  King,  the  treasures  of  the  National  Institute,  interesting  me- 
morials of  the  late  James  Smithson,  and  the  extensive  and  rare  treasures  secured  by  the 
U.  S.  Exploring  Expedition,  under  Capt.  Wilkes,  in  almost  every  department  of  national 
history  and  human  ingenuity.  Everything  here  is  .open  to  the  inspection  of  the  public, 
and  the  hall  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  for  the  stranger  to  visit  to  be  found  in  the 
metropolis.  In  the  first  story  of  the  same  building  are  collected  all  the  models  of  the 
machines  which  have  been  patented  since  the  foundation  of  the  government. 

The  Post-Office  Department  was  designed  and  built  by  Mr.  Mills,  of  white  marble  and 
after  the  Corinthian  order.  It  is  three  stories  high,  and  two  hundred  and  four  feet  long, 
and  one  hundred  and  two  deep : it  contains  twenty-seven  rooms  on  each  floor,  making 
eighty-one  in  all.  It  occupies  a central  position  in  the  city,  near  the  Department  of  the 
Interior,  both  of  which  are  about  half  a miie  from  the  President’s  square  and  the  other 
departments. 

With  regard  to  the  Office  of  the  Attorney-General,  which  we  have  classed  with  the 


310 


WASHINGTON  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


PURE  SENNA  FIGS, 

A Most  Palatable  and  Certain  Remedy  for 


Habitual  Costiveness,  dec. 

PREPARED  AND  SOLD  BY 

"w.  h . c=r  x X-B  a.  kt , 

Cor.  Pennsylvania  Avenue  and  4 1-2  St. 

ro&eBa»an®HL  a.  ©„ 


TOBIAS, 


OFFICE  TJF  STAIRS, 


No,  512  Seventh  Street,  three  doors  from  Odd  Fellows’  Hall, 

washiest©®®^  ®0  ©0 

Solicits  the  inspection  of  his  well  assorted  stock  of  Spectacles,  in  Gold,  Silver,  Steel,  and  German  Silver,  and 
Eye  Glasses  of  every  description.  Manufacturer  of  Glasses  to  suit  every  vision,  also,  of  Spectacles  or  Glasses 
fitted  to  suit  a far  and  npar  sight,  to  obviate  the  use  of  two  pairs  of  Spectacles.  Those  who  cannot  conve- 
niently call,  bv  sending  the  glasses  they  have  in  use  and  stating  how  many  inches  they  can  see  any  ordinary 
print  with  them,  can  be  suited  with  such  as  will  enable  them  to  see  farther  or  nearer  as  they  may  require. 
Circulars  to  be  had  at  the  office,  gratis,  where  also  innumerable  certificates  are  to  be  seen. 

Among  the  many  to  whom  reference  might  be  made,  the  following  named  will  no  doubt  suffice  : Hon.  Henry 
A.  Wise,  Governor  of  Virginia  ; Hon.  Litt.  W.  Tazewell,  of  Norfolk,  Va.;  Judge  J.  F.  May,  of  Petersburg,  Va.; 
Dr.  Simkins,  of  Norfolk,  Va.;  Dr.  Seldon,  of  Norfolk,  Va.;  Rev.  Win.  B.  Rowzie,  of  Lynchburg,  Va.;  Rev.  Dr. 
R.  B.  Drane,  of  Wilmington,  N.  C.;  John  Wilson,  Esq.,  late  Commissioner  of  Land  Office,  Washington,  D.  C.; 
Dr.  Blackford,  of  Lynchburg,  Va.;  and  Ily.  E.  Baldwin,  Esq.,  Assistant  Secretary  to  the  President  of  the 
United  States. 


C.  H.  SVUJNOK, 

Manufacturer  and  Dealer  in 

dSr' HOF  3HHT  liilp 

ALSO,  REPAIRING  NEATLY  EXECUTED, 

Pennsylvania  Avenue  near  6th  Street, 

OPPOSITE  NATIONAL  HOTEL, 


TRIE  SPECTATOR. 


INDEPENDENCE  IN  AMERICAN  LITERATURE. 


PUBLISHED  IN  WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  AND  CHARLESTON,  S.  C. 

At,  for  single  copies,  $2  per  annum ; three  copies,  $5  ; ten  copies,  $15 — in  advance. 

AUG.  F.  HARYEY,  Washington,  1 Editors  and 
PAUL  H.  HAYNE,  Charleston,  / Proprietors. 


THE  CITY  OP  WASHINGTON. 


Executive  branches  of  the  government,  we  have  only  to  say  that  it  derives  its  chief  at- 
traction from  the  person  who  may  occupy  it,  who  must  be,  of  ifecessity,  a man  of  dis- 
tinguished ability.  Rooms  are  assigned  to  him  in  the  Treasury  building,  and  it  is  to  him 
that  all  knotty  questions,  in  all  the  departments,  are  submitted  for  final  settlement. 

The  National  Observatory  is  situated  on  the  banks  of  the  Potomac,  in  an  obliquo 
direction  from  the  President’s  house,  towards  Georgetown.  The  site  is  a beautiful  one, 
having  a commanding  view  of  Washington  and  Georgetown,  of  the  Potomac  River,  and 
surrounding  country,  as  far  down  as  Fort  Washington,  opposite  to  Mount  Vernon. 

It  is  a naval  institution,  under  the  control  and  management  of  Lieutenant  M.  F.  Maury, 
U.  S.  N.  The  force  employed  at  it  consists  principally  of  naval  officers. 

Besides  the  astronomical  duties  of  the  establishment,  here  are  kept  all  the  nautical 
books,  charts  and  instruments  belonging  to  the  navy. 

The  apartment  in  which  the  chronometers  are  kept  is  a very  interesting  one.  Before 
one  of  these  instruments  is  purchased  by  government,  it  is  required  to  be  put  on  trial  by 
the  Superintendent  of  the  Observatory  for  one  year ; during  which  period  it  is  compared 
daily  with  the  great  astronomical  clock  of  the  Observatory,  which  regulates  the  time  for 
the  whole  city.  The  temperature  of  the  room  in  which  it  is  kept  is  also  carefully  ob- 
served, and  recorded  every  day.  The  test  is  a severe  one,  and  in  case  the  instrument 
fails  to  come  up  to  it,  it  is  returned  to  the  maker  at  the  end  of  the  year. 

The  observations  on  the  temperature  in  connection  with  the  performance  of  the  chro- 
nometer, enable  the  maker  to  improve  the  instrument,  and  on  a second  trial  of  another 
year  it  rarely  fails  to  pass. 

There  are  from  60  to  100  chronometers  always  in  this  room,  all  of  which  are  daily 
wound,  and  compared  and  treated  in  the  manner  described.  Thus  a complete  and  minute 
history  is  kept  of  each  one. 

Here  also  are  conducted  the  celebrated  researches  connected  with  the  “Wind  and 
Current  Charts the  habits  of  the  Whale,  and  a variety  of  phenomena  connected  with  the 
great  deep. 

The  National  Observatory  of  Washington  occupies  a high  rank  among  the  observatories 
of  the  world,  there  being  but  two — those  of  Russia  and  Greenwich — superior  to  it. 

The  largest  telescope,  called  the  Equatorial,  is  a 14  feet  refractor,  with  an  object-glass 
of  9 inches.  It  is  mounted  in  the  revolving  dome  on  the  top  of  the  main  building;  and 
is  so  arranged  with  clock-work  and  machinery,  that  being  directed  to  a star  in  the  morn- 
ing, it  may  be  left  alone,  when  on  returning  to  it  in  the  evening,  it  will  have  followed  the 
path  of  the  star  so  exactly,  that  it  will  be  found  still  pointing  to  the  star,  and  the  star 
will  be  visible  through  it.  With  its  powers  the  stars  are  visible  at  mid-day. 

In  one  room  below  are  the  Meridian  and  Mural  Circles.  In  another  the  Transit  instru- 
ment; in  another,  the  Prime  Vertical  instrument;  and  in  another  yet,  the  Great  Refrac- 
tion Circle,  invented  by  the  superintendent : it  is  made  by  Ertel  & Son,  Munich,  and 
taken  altogether  is,  perhaps,  one  of  the  finest  instruments  anywhere  to  be  found. 

But  perhaps  the  most  wonderful  object  at  this  interesting  establishment  is  the  Electro- 
Chronograph,  invented  by  Dr.  Locke,  of  Cincinnati. 

It  is  in  the  room  with  the  Transit  instrument,  and  is  so  arranged,  by  its  connection 
with  an  electrical  battery  in  the  building,  that  its  ticks  may  be  heard  in  any  part  of  the 
country  to  which  the  magnetic  wires  lead,  provided  they  be  put  in  connection  with  it. 
Thus  it  may  be  made  of  itself  to  record  the  time,  and  in  such  a manner,  that  the  astrono- 
mer in  Boston,  New-Orleans,  or  elsewhere,  will  know  it,  and  tell  the  time  of  day  by  this 
clock,  as  well  as  one  who  stands  before  it  and  reads  the  hands  on  its  face. 

The  Observatory  regulates  the  time  for  Washington  and  Georgetown  by  the  falling  of 
a ball.  At  ten  minutes  before  mean  noon  every  day,  a large  black  ball  is  hoisted  to  a flag 
staff,  standing  on  the  top  of  the  dome.  This  is  to  give  warning  for  those  who  wish  to 
get  the  exact  time  of  the  day  to  look  out.  Precisely  at  twelve  the  ball  drops.  The  whole 
city  is  informed  of  the  exact  time. 

The  Arsenal  occupies  a fine  position  on  the  extreme  southern  point  of  the  city,  (called 
Greenleafs  Point,)  at  the  junction  of  the  Eastern  Branch  with  the  Potomac,  command- 
ing a beautiful  and  extensive  view,  over  a broad  expanse  of  water,  towards  the  cities  of 
Washington  and  Georgetown  on  the  north,  and  Alexandria  on  the  south.  The  channels 
of  both  rivers  running  near  the  Arsenal  shore,  afford  all  requisite  facilities  for  receiving 
and  shipping  ordnance  and  other  military  stores. 

Although  this  site  was  originally  reserved  for  the  purpose  of  an  arsenal,  it  was  not  oc- 
cupied by  any  building  of  importance  until  after  the  peace  of  1814,  when  the  building  of 
the  present  establishment  was  commenced  under  the  direction  of  the  late  Col.  George 


312 


WASHINGTON  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


W.  T.  DONIPHAN, 

INDEPENDENCE  HALL 


>r  jj 


Q 


A €>  €>  [BJ  * 

Cor.  7th  St.  and  Louisiana  Avenue. 
Jg^  B1NIER  & DCBANT  S 


S J3L  L O O N, 

S.  W.  Cor.  Penn.  Av.  and  Sixth  Street. 

N.  B.—PISTOL  GALLERY  UP  STAIRS. 


W.  H.  HARSOVEE, 


DEALER  IN 


dates,  Stoics, 

TIN,  SHEET  IRON, 


•A^UXTID 
I »>)  ore^JT; 


LTLSlLfo  \A/ttAUil£lp 

SEVENTH  STREET, 

Opposite  Patriotic  Bank, 

WASHINGTON  CITY,  H,  0 


THE  CITY  OP  WASHINGTON. 


Bomford.  From  the  small  square  embraced  in  the  first  plan,  the  buildings  have  been 
gradually  extended  until  they  occupy  nearly  the  whole  reservation,  and  form  one  of  the 
principal  arsenals  of  construction  in  the  United  States. 

The  work-shops  contain  much  useful  and  ingenious  machinery,  propelled  by  steam,  for 
manufacturing  gun-carriages  and  equipments  for  artillery,  and  for  preparing  ammunition 
of  all  kinds.  Among  these  may  be  noticed  particularly  the  machines  for  planing  and 
boring  iron  and  wood,  those  for  tenoning  and  morticing  the  spokes  and  hubs  of  wheels. 
Blanchard’s  ingenious  lathe  for  turning  irregular  forms  in  wood,  such  as  spokes,  axe- 
handles,  &c. ; the  machinery  for  making  leaden  bullets  by  pressing  them  out  of  the  bar- 
lead  instead  of  casting  them ; and,  above  all,  the  beautiful  machine  for  making  and  charg- 
ing percussion  caps  for  small  arms,  invented  by  Mr.  George  Wright,  a workman  at  the 
Arsenal  By  this  last  mentioned  machine,  a sheet  of  copper  being  inserted  on  one  side, 
and  some  percussion  powder  put  in  a hopper  on  the  other,  the  finished  caps  are  produced 
without  any  further  agency  of  the  workman. 

In  the  spacious  storehouses  of  the  Arsenal  are  to  be  seen  arms  and  equipments  for  the 
troops ; also  a large  number  of  gun-carriages  and  other  apparatus  for  the  service  of  the 
artillery  in  the  forts  and  in  the  field,  from  the  ponderous  Colun  biad  for  the  defence  of  the 
coast,  to  the  little  mountain  howitzer,  which  may  be  transported,  with  its  miniature 
smith’s  forge,  on  the  back  of  a mule. 

The  Model  Office  contains  a collection  of  models  or  patterns  of  the  various  arms  and 
military  equipments  used  in  our  service,  and  also  of  such  of  those  used  in  the  armies  of 
other  nations  as  have  been  obtained  by  the  ordnance  department.  Here  may  also  be  seen 
some  specimens  of  old  and  new  inventions,  repeating  arms,  revolvers,  &c.,  which  have 
been  suggested,  at  home  or  abroad,  by  the  organ  of  destructiveness. 

In  the  gun  bt  are  arra  nged  many  pieces  of  ordnance  and  piles  of  balls,  mostly  of  heavy 
calibre  for  the  armament  of  the  forts. 

In  front  of  the  old  Arsenal  square  a small  collection  of  foreign  brass  cannon  will  attract  the 
notice  of  the  visitor,  who  will  perceive  by  the  inscriptions  that  some  of  them  are  trophies 
of  the  success  of  our  arms  at  Saratoga,  Yorktown,  Niagara,  and  Vera  Cruz.  The  guns 
and  carriages  of  Duncan’s  field  battery,  which  performed  distinguished  services  on  nearly 
every  field  of  battle  in  the  Mexican  War,  are  likewise  preserved  at  the  Arsenal  as  a 
saluting  battery. 

On  the  west  side  of  the  Arsenal  grounds,  near  the  river,  are  two  pyramidal  structures 
which  often  attract  the  curiosity  of  visitors,  and  of  persons  passing  by  the  Arsenal  These 
buildings  contain  an  apparatus  called  a Ballistic  Pendulum,  which  is  used  for  testing  the 
force  of  gunpowder  when  fired  in  heavy  ordnance,  and  also  for  trying  many  other  interest- 
ing experiments  in  gunnery. 

The  Navy  Yard  is  situated  on  the  “ Anacostia,”  a branch  of  the  Potomac  River,  at  the 
southern  termination  of  Eighth  street,  east.  It  was  established  in  the  year  1800. 

The  area  covers  about  twenty  acres,  and  is  inclosed  by  a substantial  brick  wall,  having 
a principal  entrance  at  the  foot  of  Eighth  street,  through  a handsome  arched  gateway,  de- 
signed by  the  celebrated  architect,  Benjamin  H.  Latrobe,  Esq. 

Several  comfortable  residences  have  been  erected  for  the  accommodation  of  the  commo- 
dore, the  executive  officers,  the  first  lieutenant,  surgeon,  sailing-master,  boatswain  and 
gunner,  whose  official  duties  require  their  constant  attendance  in  the  Yard. 

The  mechanical  operations  of  this  establishment  are  various  and  extensive,  and  the  skill 
of  the  workmen  and  the  excellence  of  the  materials  employed  have  been  satisfactorily 
tested  in  every  sea.  Anchors  of  all  sizes,  for  the  naval  service,  are  manufactured  by 
the  use  of  two  heavy  steam-hammers,  (termed  the  “ Nasmyth  Hammer,”)  one  of  which 
weighs  3,600  pounds,  the  other  2,240  pounds.  The  forges  for  this  work  are  kept  in  blast 
by  a fan-blower  attached  to  the  steam  engine  in  the  machinist’s  department.  There  is 
also  in  operation,  in  the  anchor  department,  a direct  action  steam-hammer,  (called  the 
11  Kirk  Hammer,”)  in  connection  with  a blast  furnace  for  working  up  into  looms  and  bars 
all  the  scrap  iron  of  the  navy.  The  massive  chain-cables  are  made  in  another  shop,  which 
is  provided  with  a powerful  hydrostatic  press  for  testing  their  strength.  These  cables  are 
highly  esteemed  for  their  superior  finish,  great  strength  and  durability. 

Another  department  is  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  galleys,  cabooses,  and  copper 
powder-tanks,  and  of  the  various  kinds  of  brass  work  appertaining  to  ships  of  war.  The 
different  machines  employed  in  making  these  articles  are  driven  by  a steam-engine  of 
about  fifteen  horse-power.  A brass  foundry  is  connected  with  this  range  of  buildings  on 
the  eastern  side  of  the  Yard. 

A large  and  extensive  iron  foundrv  has  recently  been  erected,  of  sufficient  capacity  and 

40 


314 


WASHINGTON  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


JOHN  lEV-A-ITCHS, 

IFASMIKDNAIBILIE 


Penn.  Avenue,  between  12th  and  13th  Sts. 

NORTH  SIDE, 

WflSHIHCTOB,  0.  C. 

'->■  H.  M.  SHELDON,  W 

Capital  iicstanranl. 

CORNER  OIF 

PENNSYLVANIA  AVENUE  AND  FIRST  ST., 

Willi 


* ^ 


B.  J.  SEMME8, 


.A.  1ST  JD 


Fill  IF  VIKS,  BMRKt,  &C. 

No.  399  Pennsylvania  Avenue, 

Do  ®o 


W.  G.  BITNEK, 

LOCK  AN  D GUN 

S3  II  'C?  E23  e 

Pennsylvania  Avenuej  bet.  13th  and  14th  sts. 

WASHINGTON,  IX  O. 


THE  CITY  OF  WASHINGTON. 


with  the  necessary  facilities  for  moulding  and  casting  the  heaviest  work ; connected  with 
this  foundry  are  the  machines  for  boring,  turning  and  planing  the  steam  cylinders  and 
other  massive  machinery  required  for  the  naval  service.  Adjoining  the  iron  foundry  are 
the  ordnance  and  boiler-making  departments,  which  are  provided  with  a steam-engine  of 
about  twelve  horse-power.  The  ordnance  department  is  engaged  in  the  fabrication  of 
light  brass  ordnance,  howitzers  for  boat  and  land  service,  of  shot  and  shells,  percussion 
caps,  musket  and  pistol  balls,  &c.  Some  of  this  machinery  is  very  ingenious  and  highly 
interesting.  The  boiler  shop  contains  all  the  machinery  necessary  for  the  construction  of 
boilers. 

Close  by  this  range  of  buildings  is  a very  extensive  machine  shop,  in  which  are  placed 
all  the  tools  required  in  the  manufacture  of  steam  engines  and  machinery  of  every  de- 
scription. When  completed  it  will  afford  room  for  the  employment  of  from  one  hundred 
and  fifty  to  two  hundred  workmen.  Attached  to  this  shop  is  an  engine  of  sixty  horse- 
power, which  also  gives  motion  to  the  block-making  machinery,  and  to  the  fan-blowcr3 
of  the  anchor-making  department. 

On  the  western  side  of  the  Yard  is  the  pyro technical  laboratory,  in  which  are  prepared 
all  the  articles  for  the  navy  appropriate  to  this  department. 

There  are  two  large  ship-houses  for  building  ships,  under  one  of  which  is  about  to  bo 
constructed  a Marine  Railway  for  hauling  up  steamers  for  repair. 

The  grounds  are  beautifully  laid  out ; the  avenues  shaded  with  fine  trees ; the  plats 
neatly  inclosed,  and  the  whole  preserved  in  handsome  order. 

The  Smithsonian  Institution  was  founded  upon  a bequest  of  more  than  half  a million 
of  dollars  made  to  the  United  States  by  an  Englishman  named  James  Smithson.  Tho 
object  of  the  bequest,  according  to  his  will,  was  “to  found  at  Washington,  under  the 
name  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  an  establishment  for  the  increase  and  diffusion  of 
knowledge  among  men.”  On  the  1st  of  July,  1836,  Congress  solemnly  accepted  this  im- 
portant trust,  and  the  money  was  paid  into  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States  in  1838. 
The  Act  of  Congress  establishing  the  Institution  as  it  now  exists,  was  passed  in  1846. 

The  Institution  is  situated  on  the  Mall,  below  the  Capitol,  and  though  the  edifice  is  yet 
In  an  unfinished  state,  it  presents  a noble  appearance,  and  is  unquestionably  one  of  tho 
great  attractions  of  the  metropolis.  The  style  of  the  architecture  is  the  Romanesque,  the 
material  a reddish  freestone  of  fine  grain,  its  extreme  length  is  four  hundred  and  fifty 
feet,  its  width  one  hundred  and  forty  feet,  and  it  has  nine  towers,  varying  in  height  from 
seventy-five  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet.  The  grounds  which  surround  it  arc  very  ex- 
tensive, and  are  now  in  progress  of  being  beautified. 

To  describe  minutely  the  interior  economy  of  this  important  establishment  is  not  our 
intention  in  this  place.  We  can  only  say  that  its  beneficial  influence  upon  the  world  at 
large  has  already  been  felt;  it  has  already  printed  and  circulated  a number  of  valuable 
volumes,  acquired  collections  in  the  way  of  natural  history,  and  scientific  as  well  as  gen- 
eral literature,  which  are  very  valuable  and  very  interesting,  and  engaged  distinguished 
men  to  deliver  lectures.  The  great  library  room  when  completed  will  be  capable  of  hold- 
ing one  hundred  thousand  volumes.  The  building  is  supplied  with  a lecture  room,  which 
will  seat  twelve  hundred  persons;  and  its  museum,  when  completed,  will  be  two  hundred 
feet  long,  and  filled  with  the  wonders  of  nature  and  art  from  all  parts  of  the  world ; its 
rooms  for  chemical  experiments  will  be  more  spacious  and  convenient  than  any  to  be 
found  in  the  country ; and  in  the  western  wing,  which  is  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet; 
long,  will  hereafter  be  located  a gallery  of  art. 

The  Washington  Monument  is  not  yet  finished : we  will  not  describe  it  as  it  is,  but 
as  it  will  be  when  completed,  according  to  the  design  adopted  by  the  Board  of  Managers. 
It  stands  on  the  Mall,  between  the  President’s  house  and  the  Potomac,  and  embraces  the 
idea  of  a grand  circular  colonnaded  building  two  hundred  and  fifty  feet  in  diameter,  one 
hundred  feet  high,  from  which  springs  an  obelisk  shaft  seventy  feet  in  diameter  at  the 
base,  and  five  hundred  feet  high,  making  a total  elevation  of  six  hundred  feet. 

The  vast  rotundo,  forming  the  grand  base  of  the  Monument,  will  be  surrounded  by 
thirty  columns  of  massive  proportions,  twelve  feet  in  diameter,  and  forty-five  feet  high, 
elevated  upon  a base  of  twenty  feet  in  height,  and  three  hundred  feet  square,  surmounted 
by  an  entablature  twenty  feet  high,  and  crowned  by  a massive  balustrade  fifteen  feet  in 
height.  The  terrace  outside  the  colonnade  will  be  twenty-five  feet  wide,  and  the  walk 
within  the  colonnade  twenty-five  feet.  The  front  portico  will  be  adorned  with  a triumphal 
car  and  statue  of  the  Illustrious  Chief ; and  over  each  column  around  the  entire  building 
will  be  sculptured  escutcheons,  coats  of  arms  of  each  state  of  the  Union,  surrounded  by 
bronze  civic  wreaths,  banded  together  by  festoons  of  oak-leaves,  while  the  centre  of  tho 


316 


WASHINGTON  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


PENNSYLVANIA  AVENUE, 

WASHUMM©!! , Bo  (Do 


HEFLEBO ~W E R & LOVETT, 

PROPRIETORS. 


JOSEPH  W.  KELLY, 

MARBLE  & BROWN-STONE  CUTTER, 


IRiB  n IB  'USS^ 

And  all  kinds  of  Marble  and  Brown  Stone  promptly  executed, 

E.  STREET,  BETWEEN  13tli  AND  14th, 

AND  COR.  NEW  YORK  AY.  AND  15th  ST. 


W jfV 


rr  Gr  t o w 


THE  CITY  OF  WASHINGTON. 


portico  will  be  emblazoned  with  the  coat  of  arms  of  the  United  States.  Around  the  ro- 
tundo  will  be  stationed  statues  of  the  Signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence : in 
niches  prepared  for  the  purpose,  statues  of  the  Fathers  of  the  Revolution,  contemporary  with 
Washington ; and  directly  opposite  to  the  entrance  will  be  placed  a statue  of  Washington 
himself.  The  interior  of  the  shaft  will  be  embellished  with  a great  variety  of  inscriptions ; 
at  one  point  it  will  be  ornamented  with  four  of  the  leading  events  of  Washington’s  career, 
sculptured  in  basso  relievo,  above  which  will  be  placed  a single  star,  emblematic  of  the 
glory  which  the  name  of  Washington  has  attained ; and  in  the  centre  of  the  Monument 
will  be  placed  the  tomb  of  the  Father  of  his  Country. 

The  National  Medical  College,  instituted  in  1823,  is  now  in  successful  operation.  It 
was,  until  a few  years  past,  known  as  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Columbian  College, 
from  which  institution  it  derives  its  authority  to  confer  degrees,  under  an  act  of  incorpora- 
tion from  the  Congress  of  the  United  States. 

The  edifice  is  conveniently  situated  in  a central  part  of  the  city — equidistant  from  the 
Capitol  and  President’s  house — near  the  principal  hotels  and  boarding-houses — and  at  the 
same  time  secluded  from  the  noise  and  bustle  of  business. 

The  requisites  for  graduating  are,  that  the  candidate  shall  have  attended  the  lectures  of 
each  Professor  two  full  courses,  or  one  full  course  in  this  school,  and  one  full  course  in 
some  other  respectable  institution.  He  must  have  a fair  moral  character,  and  he  shall  have 
dissected  during  at  least  one  session.  He  shall  have  entered  his  name  with  the  Dean  of 
the  Faculty  as  a candidate  for  graduation,  and  delivered  to  him  an  Inaugural  Dissertation 
upon  some  medical  subject,  thirty  days  before  the  close  of  the  session,  and  pass  a satisfac- 
tory examination. 

The  Columbian  College,  which  was  incorporated  in  1821,  is  beautifully  situated  on 
an  eminence,  adjoining  the  City  Corporation,  on  the  north,  and  on  Fourteenth-street  west. 
It  is  a fine  brick  edifice,  four  stories  high,  and  overlooks  the  city,  the  capitol,  and  other 
public  buildings ; and  commands  a fine  view  of  the  Potomac,  with  the  surrounding  coun- 
try, for  many  miles  in  extent.  In  beauty  and  healthfulness  of  position,  it  is  unsurpassed ; 
and  its  local  advantages  are  such  as  no  other  situation  in  the  country  can  afford. 

The  College  has  a good  library,  a valuable  philosophical  apparatus,  and  other  means  and 
facilities  for  pursuing  a thorough  and  liberal  course  of  studies.  The  last  Catalogue,  (1850,) 
embraces  a President,  and  twelve  Professors  and  Teachers — including  those  of  the  Na- 
tional Medical  College,  which  is  under  the  same  corporation — one  hundred  students,  and 
between  two  and  three  hundred  alumni. 

The  Coast  Survey  Office  Buildings,  occupied  for  the  use  of  the  United  States  Coast 
Survey,  are  situated  on  the  west  side  of  New-Jersey  avenue,  about  a sixth  of  a mile  from 
the  Capitol.  They  consist  of  four  old  houses,  in  a block,  presenting  a decidedly  rusty  ex- 
terior, and  in  no  way  looking  like  public  buildings. 

The  National  or  Congressional  Burial  Ground,  situated  about  one  mile  east  of 
the  Capitol,  embraces  about  ten  acres,  commands  an  extensive  view  of  the  country,  and 
is  well  inclosed  with  a brick  wall,  laid  out  with  taste,  and  beautified  with  trees  and 
shrubbery.  It  was  located  in  1807,  and  has  since  been  in  the  keeping  of  an  incorporated 
company.  The  monuments  are  manifold,  and  many  of  them  beautiful and  in  addition  to 
several  private  vaults  is  one  spacious  and  well  constructed,  inclosed  by  a neat  railing, 
built  by  the  order  and  the  expense  of  Congress,  as  a place  of  deposit  for  the  dead  whose 
remains  it  may  be  the  purpose  of  friends  subsequently  to  remove. 

The  City  Hall,  the  official  home  of  the  City  Fathers,  was  commenced  in  1820,  and 
finished  in  1850,  it  having  remained  a kind  of  ruin  during  most  of  the  intervening  time. 
It  is  a large  and  handsome  edifice,  and  occupies  a commanding  position  on  Judiciary 
square,  is  200  feet  in  length,  and  after  the  stucco  style  of  architecture.  The  Circuit  and 
Criminal  Courts  hold  their  sessions  in  this  hall ; also  the  members  of  the  City  Councils. 
The  Mayor  has  his  office  here,  and  so  also  have  a large  number  of  the  city  attorneys. 

The  Public  Schools  of  Washington  are  quite  numerous : of  free  public  schools  there 
are  four,  with  quite  a large  retinue  of  primary  schools,  which  are  carried  on  at  an 
annual  expense  of  about  $12,000.  Select  schools  and  seminaries  for  the  education  of 
both  sexes,  also  exist  in  different  parts  of  the  city,  several  of  them  of  a high  and 
established  character.  Public  attention  has  been  strongly  directed  to  these  institutions, 
and  perhaps  in  no  other  city  are  there  to  be  found  superior  advantages  of  education, 
which  are  annually  on  the  increase.  There  are  also  several  excellent  boarding-school# 
in  W ashington,  and  two  or  three  in  Georgetown. 

The  National  Institute  was  founded  in  1840,  and  has  for  its  object  the  promotion  of 
ficience  in  all  departments.  It  holds  its  meetings  and  has  its  head-quarters  at  the 


WASHINGTON  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


318 


SCHWARTZE, 


. PENNSYLVANIA  AVENUE, 


(NEXT  DOOR  TO  U.  S.  HOTEL,) 

Keeps  constanstly  on  hand  an  extensive  assortment  of  Drugs,  Chemicals,  Dental 
and  Surgical  Instruments.  Also,  French,  English,  and  German  Perfumery. 


©(UJTIFBT, 

Consisting  of  genuine  English  Razors,  Razor  Strops,  Penknives,  &c.;  together 
with  a full  assortment  of  Fancy  Goods,  of  every  description,  including  all  kinds 
of  Combs,  Brushes,  &c. 


G-EK7TTI3NTE  SEGARS, 

Of  the  very  best  quality;  all  of  which  will  be  sold  at  the  very  lowest  cash  prices. 


THOMPSON,  HAMILTON  & CO. 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL  DEALERS  IN 


XjBica.-ax<33^«s,  Segar®,  cfcc. 

393  Pennsylvania  Av.,  South  Side,  bet.  4 1-2  and  6th  Sts. 

W A.SPLIIVG-TOLV,  ID.  O- 


ENCOURAGE  YOUR  OWN  MECHANICS  AND  MANUFACTURERS! 

SHIRTS!  SHIRTS!!  SHIRTS!!! 

MEMBERS  OF  CONGRESS,  CITIZENS  AND  STRANGERS,  ARE 
INVITED  TO  CALL  AT 

WM.  H.  FAULKNER’S 

FASHIONABLE  SHIRT  MANUFACTORY. 

AND  LEAVE  THEIR  MEASURES. 
His  Shirts  are  warranted  to  fit  in  all  cases,  the  style 
and  patterns  of  which  have  received  the  unqualified 
commendation  of  gentlemen  in  all  parts  of  the 
United  States. 

All  Shirts  made  at  his  Establishment  are  as  good 
and  as  cheap  as  they  can  be  purchased  in  New  York. 
Thankful  for  the  favors  already  received,  he  respect- 
fully solicits  a continuance  of  the  same. 

Also  on  hand  a splendid  assortment  of  Silk  and  Merino 
Undershirts  and  Drawers;  also,  Gloves,  Cravats,  Socks,  and  every  other  article  suitable  for  a 
Gentleman’s  wardrobe,  at  prices  which  cannot  fail  to  suit. 

WM.  IT . FAULKNER, 

(sign  of  the  shirt,) 

South  Side  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  bet.  3d  and  4th  Streets, 

OPPOSITE  UNITED  STATES  HOTEL, 

'n&saiaEi ©* 


THE  CITY  OF  GEORGETOWN. 


Patent  Office,  and  the  President  is  Peter  Force,  Esq.  It  has  a miscellaneous  library 
of  nearly  4,000  vols.,  pamphlets,  maps  and  charts,  with  a few  interesting  manuscripts 
and  in  the  cabinet  are  many  medals  and  coins.  The  library  is  always  open  to  the  in 
spection  of  the  public. 

The  Metropolis  is  well  supplied  with  Churches,  and  considering  its  extent  is  quite  as 
well  supplied  with  eloquent  preachers  as  any  city  in  the  Union.  Of  Baptist  churches 
there  are  four — one  on  Tenth  street,  one  on  E.,  and  two  on  Virginia  avenue  ; their  con- 
gregations are  all  large,  and  their  pastors  popular.  Of  Catholic  churches  there  are  four, 
— St.  Matthew’s,  on  H.  street;  St.  Peter’s,  on  Second;  St.  Patrick’s,  on  F;  and  St. 
Mary’s,  on  Fifth.  Of  Episcopal  churches  there  are  five,  viz:  Christ  Church,  on  G 
street;  St.  John’s,  on  H ; Trinity,  on  Third;  Epiphany,  on  G;  and  Ascension,  on  H. 
The  Trinity  Church  edifice  is  the  handsomest,  devoted  to  religion,  in  the  city.  In  this 
church,  as  indeed  in  ail  the  other  churches  of  the  city,  a certain  number  of  pews  are 
assigned  to  strangers.  St.  John’s  church  stands  directly  in  front  of  the  President’s  house. 
There  is  also  one  Quaker  meeting  held  in  the  city,  on  I street;  and  two  Lutheran 
churches,  the  English  on  H street,  and  the  German  on  G street.  Of  Methodist  churches 
there  are  seven  in  the  city — one  on  4th,  one  on  14th,  one  on  5th,  one  on  Massa- 
chusetts avenue,  one  on  Maryland  avenue,  one  on  9th  street,  and  one  on  Virginia 
avenue.  Of  Presbyterian  churches  there  are  six — one  on  F street,  one  on  8th  street,  one 
on  4£  street,  one  on  H,  and  two  on  9th  street.  There  is  also  one  Unitarian  church  in  the 
city,  on  D street;  and  of  colored  churches  there  are  some  half  dozen  scattered  about 
the  city. 

Hotels  are  quite  numerous,  out  not  sufficiently  so,  even  now,  to  accommodate  the 
public.  With  one  or  two  unimportant  exceptions,  they  are  all  situated  on  Pennsylvania 
avenue.  The  names  of  the  principal  ones  are  the  National  Hotel,  Brown’s  Hotel,  Wil- 
lard’s Hotel,  Gadsby’s  Hotel,  the  Irving  Hotel,  the  United  States  Hotel,  the  Potomac 
Hotel,  and  Tyler’s  HoteL  The  finest  hotel  edifice  in  Washington  is  that  recently  erect- 
ed by  Mr.  Brown,  which  is  very  large,  and  has  a beautiful  marble  front.  All  these 
hotels  are  supplied  with  the  best  of  a first-rate  market,  and  with  numerous  and  generally 
accommodating  servants.  From  the  doors  of  each,  the  stranger  may  at  almost  any 
moment  step  into  a convenient  and  elegant  omnibus,  and  go  to  almost  any  part  of  the 
city  he  may  desire. 


THE  CITY  OF  GEORGETOWN. 

This  city,  a suburb  of  Washington,  is  situate  on  the  Potomac,  being  divided  from  the 
capital  by  Rock  Creek.  It  is  beautifully  located  on  a range  of  hills,  rising  above  the 
former  river,  and  stretches  in  undulating  beauty  along  its  borders. 

The  Heights  of  Georgetown  are  lofty  eminences,  overlooking  the  city  from  the  north 
and  west.  Along  these  are  many  splendid  villas,  the  residences  of  gentlemen  of  wealth 
and  distinction,  and  extensive  gardens  in  the  highest  state  of  cultivation.  Nothing  can 
surpass  the  splendor  of  the  panorama  here  presented.  Below  reposes  the  city,  to  the 
north  the  metropolis,  and,  as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach,  the  silvery  Potomac  courses 
through  the  most  beautiful  scenery. 

The  city  presents  many  objects  of  attraction.  Its  ancient  college,  a Catholic  institu- 
tion ; its  nunnery ; its  various  literary  institutions ; its  splendid  aqueduct,  and  other  noted 
edifices,  are  worthy  of  attention. 

Georgetown  College  is  situated  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Potomac,  at  the  west  end  of 
the  city,  and  commands  a full  view  of  the  surrounding  country.  In  the  year  1785  five 
gentlemen,  among  whom  was  the  Right  Rev.  John  Carroll,  first  Catholic  Bishop  of  the 
United  States,  and  subsequently  Archbishop  of  Baltimore,  formed  a design  of  building 
“An  Academy  at  Georgetown,  Potowmack  River,  Maryland.”  In  1789  the  first  edifice  was 
built ; in  1792  the  schools  were  opened,  and  in  1799  it  became  “ The  College  of  George- 
town, Potomac  River,  State  of  Maryland.”  In  May,  1815,  Congress  raised  it  to  the  dignity 
of  an  University ; and  in  May,  1851,  a Medical  Department  was  opened  at  Washington. 
The  college  buildings  are  spacious,  and  contain  a fine  library  of  25,000  volumes,  an  exten- 
sive Philosophical  Apparatus,  and  a Museum  of  Natural  History.  An  Astronomical  Ob- 
servatory, 60  feet  long  and  30  feet  wide,  and  furnished  with  first-class  instruments,  stands 
500  yards  west  of  the  college.  The  academic  year  begins  on  the  15th  September,  and 
ends  with  July.  The  curriculum  of  studies  occupies  seven  years,  and  embraces  all  the 


WASHINGTON  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


320 


DUNBAR  S.  DYSON, 


No,  268  Pennsylvania  avenue,  corner  Twelfth  street, 


DR.  D.  McFARLAN, 


OFFICE— Corner  of  Pennsylvania  avenue  and  12th  st. 
OVER  DYSON’S  DRUG  STORE, 

ENTRANCE  O 3KT  T W E L IF  T H STREET, 

W AgMSMf  OSTb  ©9  0e 


JOSEPH  W.  NAIRN. 


ALBERT  G.  PALMER. 


NAIRN  8c  PALMER, 


(SUCCESSORS  TO  PATTERSON  & NAIRN,) 
DEALERS  IN  DRUGS,  CHEMICALS, 


fiH&BM.  W&mm,  1PAM1F  5TOQMS8, 

FANCY  ARTICLES,  PERFUMERY,  &,o. 

Corner  Ninth  Street  and  Pennsylvania  Avenue, 

WA@lnlOIMQT©IM»  E>.  ©. 


VICINITY  OF  THE  CAPITAL. 


sciences,  literatures,  &c.,  known  to  humanity.  The  college  staff  consists  of  a President, 
and  Professors  in  each  department  The  establishment  is  under  the  direction  of  members 
of  the  Society  of  Jesus. 

The  Nunnery  or  Convent  of  the  Visitation  is  situate  on  the  heights  contiguous  to  the 
eastern  margin  of  the  Potomac,  and  commands  a view  of  that  magnificent  river,  and,  at 
a distance,  of  the  city  of  Washington.  The  building  appropriated  for  the  Ladies’ 
Academy  is  of  brick,  between  200  and  300  feet  in  length  by  40  feet  in  breadth.  It  is  a 
handsome  structure,  and  in  the  interior  a combination  of  neatness  and  elegance.  These 
buildings,  occupying  part  of  the  side  of  an  oblong  square,  which  contains  an  area  of  four 
or  five  acres,  a portion  of  which  is  laid  out  as  a Botanic  Garden.  There  are  other  edifices 
of  great  extent  on  the  same  square,  comprising  the  Archbishop’s  residence,  an  elegant 
church,  the  convent,  and  charity  schools.  The  whole  is  under  the  direction  of  the  Sisters 
of  the  Visitation ; and  the  course  of  instruction  is  one  embracing  all  the  accomplishments 
of  the  age. 

Among  other  institutions  of  learning,  the  most  distinguished  are — Mr.  Abbot’s  English 
and  Classical  Academy  and  Miss  English’s  Female  Seminary ; both,  in  their  several 
spheres,  schools  of  the  highest  order. 

The  Aqueduct,  which  conveys  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal  over  the  Potomac,  is  a 
stupendous  work,  and  an  attraction  to  all  men  of  science.  It  was  constructed  under  the 
superintendence  of  Major  Turnbull,  of  the  United  States  Topographical  Engineers,  and 
cost  nearly  $2,000,000.  The  piers,  nine  in  number,  and  36  feet  above  high  water-mark, 
are  built  of  granite,  and  embedded  seventeen  feet  in  the  bottom  of  the  river,  with  a 
foundation  upon  solid  rock,  so  as  to  withstand  the  shock  of  the  spring  ice,  which  rushes 
furiously  from  the  falls  and  narrows  above,  crushing  with  tremendous  force  against  the 
bridge,  and  sweeping  every  movable  before  it.  These  piers,  built  in  the  most  masterly 
manner,  will  bear  up  against  any  force  that  may  be  propelled  against  them.  This  aque- 
duct connects  the  great  canal  with  the  city  of  Alexandria,  Va.  Its  length  is  1,446  feet. 

The  new  Cemetery  on  the  heights,  when  completed  as  designed,  will  also  be  a great 
ornament  to  the  city.  It  was  laid  out  in  1849,  at  the  expense  and  under  the  direction  of 
W.  W.  Corcoran,  Esq.,  the  eminent  banker,  and  a native  of  the  District.  It  is  known  as 
M O.ak  Hill  Cemetery.”  A capacious  mausoleum,  or  public  vault,  has  been  constructed  in 
a central  portion,  the  front  of  which  is  of  dressed  granite,  in  the  Henry  VIII.  style  of 
Gothic.  This  receptacle  is  designed  to  hold  40  or  50  coffins,  lying  entirely  clear  of  each 
other,  and  is,  by  well-contrived  ventilation,  purified  of  noxious  exhalations  of  every  kind. 
The  donor  of  the  land  has  also  added  to  the  cemetery  a massive  front  iron  railing  a gate- 
keeper’s lodge,  in  the  Norman  style,  and  an  elegant  Gothic  chapel,  adorned  with  beautiful 
stained-glass  windows — the  two  latter  buildings  having  been  planned  by  Renwick. 

Georgetown  was  formerly  a port  of  some  note,  and  had  considerable  trade,  and  is  even 
now  a thriving  and  busy  place.  It  is  connected  by  canal  or  railroad  with  all  parts  of 
the  Union.  Of  late  years  many  improvements  have  been  made  in  its  streets,  and  many 
new  buildings  have  been  erected.  The  city  is  also  engaged  in  manufactures ; it  has  a 
rolling  mill  and  cotton  factory  in  successful  operation ; and  numerous  flouring  mills.  The 
general  statistics  of  the  city  are  exhibited  on  a former  page. 

VICINITY  OF  THE  CAPITAL. 

Within  a few  miles  of  the  national  metropolis,  there  are  several  places  noted  for  inci- 
dents connected  with  our  national  history,  or  as  the  residences  of  men  who  have  gained 
the  esteem  of  the  people.  Without  some  notice  of  these  no  description  of  the  district 
would  be  complete ; the  most  conspicuous  are  the  city  of  Alexandria,  the  Village  of 
Bladensburg,  Mount  Vernon — the  homestead  of  Washington,  Arlington  House,  Little 
Falls,  &c.,  &c. 

Alexandria. — This  city,  though  no  longer  within  the  District  of  Columbia,  is  well  de- 
serving notice,  enjoying  a very  high  character  for  the  manners  and  virtues  of  its  inhabitants, 
and  also  for  many  commercial  advantages.  It  carries  on  considerable  trade  with  the 
West  Indies,  and  also  with  Europe,  and  with  the  eastern  and  southern  states.  The  town 
is  laid  off  at  right  angles,  and  is  the  residence  of  a number  of  old  and  wealthy  families, 
who  still  exhibit  the  manners  of  Virginians  of  the  time  of  “ Fitzhugh,  of  Chatham,  and  of 
Washington.” 

The  spectator  who,  from  the  western  front  of  the  Capitol,  overlooks  the  beautiful  and 
diversified  plain  which  stretches  beneath  and  around  it,  will  discern,  at  the  distance  of 
about  six  miles  to  the  south,  this  busy  port.  Facilities  for  reaching  it  are  afforded  by  the 


WASHNGTON  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


322 


MARTIN  P.  KING, 


48)@  ATHMTO, 


Wear  3d  Street, 

Ii 


HARMON  BURNS, 

FASIIBRASLB  BOOT  AND  SIS  STOSS, 

No.  408  Pennsylvania  Avenue, 

A FEW  DOORS  EAST  OF  NATIONAL  HOTEL, 

WASHINGTON,  D . C. 

Has  in  store  a large  assortment  of  Boots  and  Shoes  for  Ladies,  Gentlemen,  Misses,  Boys  , Youths  and  Chil- 
dren’s wear,  of  the  best  material  and  workmanship. 


WASHI3NTG-TON 

STOVE  1A1UIACT01T, 

S.  E.  Cor.  Pennsylvania  Avenue  and  11th  St. 


WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


UNION  AND  INVINCIBLE 


®®@esst©  smj«p  - 

CHILSON’S 

qi)0  Deriiilqfiiig 

APPAHATUS. 


Constantly  on  hand,  and  receiving 

FEINOUR  STOVES, 

FOR  HEATING  TWO  STORIES, 

Parlor  and  Chamber  Grates,  Enameled  and 
Cooking,  Hall,  Parlor,  Chamber 
Dining  Room  Stoves.  Plain,  Tinned 
and  Enameled  Iron  Hollow  Ware.  Block 
Tin,  Planished  and  Japanned  Ware  in  great 
variety,  all  of  which  will  be  sold  at  the  low- 
est possible  rates,  that  will  compare  favor- 
ably with  any  Establishment  south  of  New 
York.  An  examination  of  my  stock  is  ear- 
nestly solicited. 

JAS.  SKIRVING. 


VICINITY  OF  THE  CAPITAL. 


steamboats,  Avhich  ply  at  almost  every  hour  of  the  day,  and  also  by  a bridge  across  the 
Potomac,  and  an  excellent  turnpike.  The  strikingly  beautiful  features  of  the  intervening 
country — the  graceful  outline  of  the  Virginia  hills,  confronted  by  those  of  Maryland — the 
broad  and  majestic  expanse  of  the  Potomac — all  conspire  to  render  an  excursion  to 
Alexandria  one  of  the  most  agreeable  incidents  which  can  await  the  tourist. 

Few,  comparatively,  of  the  interior  towns  of  the  United  States  can  look  back,  like  Alex- 
andria, on  the  vicissitudes  of  more  than  a century.  Its  foundation  dates  from  1748;  and 
that  it  was  early  a place  of  some  note,  is  shown  by  the  fact,  that  five  colonial  governors 
met  here  by  appointment,  in  1755,  to  take  measures  with  General  Braddock  respecting  his 
expedition  to  the  West.  That  expedition  proceeded  from  Alexandria ; and  tradition  still 
points  to  the  site  on  which  now  stands  the  older  Episcopal  Church,  (but  then  “ in  the 
woods,”)  as  the  spot  where  he  pitched  his  tents,  while  the  road  over  the  western  hills,  by 
which  his  army  withdrew,  long  bore  the  name  of  this  unfortunate  commander. 

But  the  reminiscences  which  the  Alexandrians  most  cherish  are  those  which  associate 
their  town  with  the  domestic  attachments  and  habits  of  Washington.  The  reader  of  his 
letters  and  addresses  will  remember  that  he  constantly  speaks  of  them  as  his  old  and 
valued  fellow-citizens,  his  kind  and  cherished  neighbors  and  associates.  Writing  from 
Yorktown,  he  assures  them  that  11  amidst  all  the  vicissitudes  of  time  and  fortune,  he  should 
ever  regard  with  particular  affection  the  citizens  and  inhabitants  of  Alexandria.”  On  an- 
other occasion  he  mentions,  with  seeming  exultation,  that  the  people  cf  Alexandria,  who, 
on  hearing  of  the  ratification  of  the  Constitution  by  the  requisite  number  of  the  States, 
had  determined  to  vote  a day  of  festivity,  “ constituted  the  first  public  assembly  which 
had  the  pleasure  of  pouring  out  a libation  to  the  ten  States  that  had  actually  adopted  the 
General  Government.”  This  friendly  interest  was  manifested  on  every  occasion,  and  a 
legacy  of  £1,000  to  a free  school  in  the  town  testifies  that  it  ceased  only  wdth  his  life. 
Nor  were  the  Alexandrians  backward  in  acknowledging,  nor  have  they  since  been  un- 
mindful of  the  honor  which  so  intimate  and  dordial  an  intercourse  conferred  upon  their 
city.  Of  the  sympathies  which  reassured  him  in  the  hour  of  difficulty,  of  the  acclamations 
which  greeted  him  in  that  of  his  success,  theirs  were  not  the  least  fervent,  or  the  least 
welcome.  It  was  this  “ voice  from  home”  which,  amid  the  applauses  of  the  world,  seemed 
ever  to  come  with  most  acceptance  to  the  heart  of  Washington.  The  stranger  in  Alexan- 
dria is  still  pointed  to  the  church  of  which  he  was  a vestryman,  to  the  pew  in  which  he 
customarily  sat ; and  many  striking  memorials  of  his  varied  life  are  carefully  preserved. 

Among  the  public  works  which  attest  the  spirit  or  animate  the  hopes  of  the  Alexan- 
drians, the  first  place  is  undoubtedly  due  to  the  canal,  recently  completed.  The  intelligent 
observer  who  views  the  aqueduct  at  Georgetown,  which  forms  a part  of  it,  will  be  as- 
tonished that  so  stupendous  an  undertaking  should  have  entered  into  the  contemplation 
of  a community  like  that  of  Alexandria.  Nor  is  it  possible  that  it  could  have  been  effected 
until  after  long  years  of  embarrassment  and  distress,  had  not  the  timely  aid  of  the  federal 
government  been  extended  to  the  work.  This  canal  will  open  to  Alexandria  the  resources 
of  the  Upper  Potomac,  and  confer  on  the  town  unsurpassed  facilities  for  manufacturing. 
The  abundance  and  cheapness  of  provisions,  and  the  salubrity  of  the  air,  are  favorable  to 
this  object ; and  many  flourishing  manufactories  of  iron,  leather,  peltries , &c.,  already 
exist. 

In  the  neighborhood  of  this  city  is  the  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Episcopal  Church  of 
Virginia,  with  several  able  and  learned  professors. 

A new  court-house,  of  large  dimensions  and  handsome  design,  has  recently  been  added 
to  the  conveniences  of  the  town. 

The  museum,  kept  in  rooms  over  the  market-house,  is  well  worth  attention,  comprising, 
as  it  does,  more  personal  relics  of  General  Washington  than  can  be  found  elsewhere,  and 
also  a large  and  curious  collection  of  specimens  in  natural  history. 

The  churches  and  houses  of  worship  belonging  to  the  town  are  numerous,  commo- 
dious, and  well  attended.  Public  schools  are  many,  and  their  exemplary  character  has 
acquired  for  Alexandria  wide  repute  as  a theatre  of  education. 

Within  a few  years  past,  an  association,  styled  the  Lyceum,  and  accommodated  in  a 
new  and  tasteful  edifice,  built  of  freestone,  after  the  Doric  order,  has  served  to  evince  that 
the  citizens  of  Alexandria  are  not  behind  the  most  enlightened  communities  of  the  age  in  a 
love  of  letters,  or  a zeal  for  improvement.  The  course  of  lectures  delivered  during  the 
winter,  brings  together,  with  great  regularity,  a crowded  audience ; and  to  the  ordinary 
attractions  of  the  institution  have  occasionally  been  added  the  names  of  such  lecturers  as 
Adams,  Barnard,  Cushing,  Goodrich,  Gurley,  &c. 

A large  cotton  factory  has  lately  been  erected,  also  a handsome  edifice  called  Odd  Fel- 


324  WASHINGTON  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


AHTHOHY  BUCKLY, 


Shop  and  Residence,  Ho.  303  Pa.  Av.,  S.  Side,  Between  9th  and  10th  Sts. 
WASHINGTON.  I).  C. 


READY-MADE  COFFINS,  OF  ALL  SIZES,  ALWAYS  ON  HAND. 


SAM’L  HAMILTON.  JNO.  E.  LEACH. 

HAMILTON  & LEACH, 

Importers  and  Dealers  in  Foreign 


PENNSYLVANIA  AVENUE, 

WASHOWGTOW,  D0  <0. 


MICHAEL  HOEFA  & CO. 

PRACTICAL  WATCHMAKERS  k JEWELERS, 

CORNER  OR  11th  AND  PENNSYLVANIA  AVENUE, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


GEO.  M.  MILLER’S 


Opposite  the  Athenaeum,  Penn’a  Avenue, 


^&©SSaS3f3S©23,  S.  ©. 


Hair  and  Whiskers  dyed  and  curled  in  the  most  fashionable  manner.  Also,  Cup- 
ping, Leeching,  Bleeding,  and  Teeth  extracted  at  all  hours  of  the  day  or  night. 

N.  B.— Fresh  Leeches  always  on  hand. 


' VICINITY  OF  THE  CAPITAL. 


lows’  Hall ; and  other  improvements  have  been  made,  creditable  to  the  enterprise  of 
Alexandria.  Large  quantities  of  flour  are  shipped  from  Alexandria,  and  recently  the  coal 
trade  is  becoming  of  some  importance,  while  increased  attention  is  given  to  manufactures. 
Rising  by  a gentle  acclivity  from  the  water’s  edge,  the  country  subsides  into  a wide  and 
level  plain,  until  it  reaches  the  base  of  a range  of  hills,  whose  summits,  at  different  points, 
(such  as  Shuter’s  Hill,  Mount  Ida,  Arlington,  &c.,)  present  a succession  of  views,  which 
for  extent,  variety,  and  beauty,  it  might  be  difficult  to  rival. 

The  population  of  Alexandria,  by  the  census  of  1850,  was : whites,  6,390  j free  colored, 
1,301 ; slaves,  1,061 , total,  8,752. 

Mount  Vernon. — This  seat  of  the  illustrious  man,  who  will  ever  be  first  in  the  hearts 
of  his  countrymen,  is  distant  from  Washington,  on  the  Virginia  side  of  the  Potomac, 
fifteen  miles.  The  most  usual  mode  of  visiting  it,  is  by  taking  a steamboat  to  Alexandria, 
and  a passage  thence  (eight  miles)  in  a coach  or  omnibus. 

The  central  part  of  the  Mount  Vernon  house  was  built  by  Lawrence  Washington, 
brother  to  the  General ; the  wings  were  added  by  the  General,  and  the  whole  named 
after  Admiral  Vernon,  under  whom  Lawrence  Washington  had  served.  The  house  is  of 
wood,  two  stories  high,  ninety-six  feet  in  length,  and  with  a portico  extending  the  whole 
distance.  It  contains  on  the  ground-floor  six  rooms  : one  of  them  at  the  northeast,  large 
and  lofty,  with  a fine  marble  mantel-piece,  sent  to  General  Washington  from  Italy. 

In  front  of  the  house,  and  gradually  sloping  down  to  the  river,  is  a handsome  lawn, 
embracing  five  or  six  acres,  planted  with  poplars  and  shrubbery.  This  place,  on  the  death 
of  the  late  Judge  Washington,  passed  into  the  possession  of  his  nephew,  John  Augustine 
Washington.  The  gardens  and  green-house,  planted  and  preserved  by  General  Washing- 
ton, have  been  carefully  guarded,  and  are  objects  of  great  interest  to  visitors.  The 
library-room  remains  as  when  occupied  by  General  Washington.  A summer-house 
Stands  about  two  hundred  yards  from  the  house,  and  very  near  the  river,  and  commands 
a goodly  prospect  of  the  Potomac  and  opposite  Maryland  shore.  On  the  bill  side,  toward3 
the  river,  at  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  yards  west  from  the  summer-house,  and  perhaps 
thirty  rods  from  the  house,  is  the  vault  where  repose  the  remains  of  Washington. 
Everything  about  Mount  Vernon  is  in  keeping  with  the  great  man  whose  home  it  was. 
The  trees  are  large  and  shady.  The  vistas  through  the  woods,  commanding  glimpses  of 
the  glittering  river  and  the  passing  sails,  the  green  slopes  basking  in  the  sun,  and  gradu- 
ally losing  themselves  beneath  the  shadowy  underbrush,  present  a beautiful  and  pictur- 
esque scene.  The  house  itself  is  two  stories  high,  and  surmounted  by  a small  cupola, 
with  a weathercock,  the  gilding  of  which,  though  ancient  and  storm-beaten,  is  as  brilliant 
as  if  it  had  been  done  but  yesterday.  The  piazza  reaches  from  the  ground  to  the  eaves 
of  the  roof,  and  is  guarded  on  the  top  by  a light  and  tasteful  balustrade.  Tire  pillars  are 
large  and  graceful,  and  present  a simple  and  grand  idea  to  the  mind.  Beneath  this  porch 
the  Father  of  his  country  was  accustomed  to  walk,  and  the  ancient  stones,  to  hearts  of 
enthusiastic  patriotism,  are  full  of  deep  and  meditative  interest.  The  interior  is  wainscot- 
ed, after  the  fashion  of  those  days,  with  highly- wrought  cornices  and  shafts.  The  rooms 
are  generally  small,  except  the  dining-room,  which  is  a spacious  and  hospitable  hall.  The 
whole  house  presents  a curious  spectacle.  Everything  reminds  one  of  former  days ; and 
in  treading  the  halls  of  Mount  Vernon,  the  mind  reverts  incessantly  to  that  majest-ic  form, 
whose  shadow,  cast  upon  those  very  walls,  seems  to  the  mind’s  eye  ready  to  start  before 
us  into  life. 

The  cedars  on  the  sodded  vault  are  withered.  Here  slept,  from  the  day  of  his  burial 
until  within  a few  years  back,  the  body  of  the  illustrious  chief.  A new  vault  was  built  a 
short  distance  off,  and  thither  he  was  removed.  In  a sarcophagus  now  sleep  the  remains 
of  Washington.  The  lid  is  wrought  with  the  arms  of  his  country,  and  the  simple  but 
elegant  epitaph  is  his  name.  By  his  side,  in  a corresponding  tomb,  are  the  ashes  of 
u Martha,  consort  of  Washington.”  This  tomb  is  surrounded  by  venerable  old  oaks,  and 
thick  shrubbery  spreads  its  foliage  down  the  hill  to  the  water’s  edge.  The  evergreen 
boughs  of  the  cedar  are  interspersed  among  the  oaks,  and  the  position  of  the  sepulchre  is 
very  picturesque  and  appropriate.  When  Lafayette  visited  the  tomb,  he  descended  alone 
into  the  vault,  and  after  a few  minutes  appeared  bathed  in  tears.  When  leaving  the 
vault,  Mr.  Custis  presented  General  Lafayette  with  a gold  ring  containing  some  of  the  hair 
of  Washington.  George  W.  Lafayette  stated  to  Mr.  Levasseur  that  everything  in 
the  house  was  as  when  he  saw  it  twenty-eight  years  before.  He  found  in  the  place 
where  Washington  himself  had  left  it,  the  principal  key  of  the  Bastile,  which  had  been 
sent  him  by  Lafayette. 

Bladensburo. — History  has  the  name  of  Bladensburg  recorded  in  her  annals.  It  is 


326  WASHINGTON  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 

J.  IOION  & SON, 

LATE  OF  NEW  YORK, 

WHOI.KSA  I-IC  AWD  IlISrAII.  DZAI.SRS  I.V 

JfffrMgit,  gomtsfk,  Jfaittjr  aik  Staple  grg  dkofrs, 

j\-  Oc  *j?  xx  hbz  lc  e:  -w  yok.k.  cash,  store, 

(white  & son’s  old  stand,) 

INTO.  SSI  3?  E 3>T  3XT  S YL  "V  1ST  I .A.  AVENUE, 

rr^oT’} israaaaaa<aft<i>a»  <3» 

GH&ELES  MALLARD, 

DEALER  IN 

Pennsylvania  Avenne,  corner  13  th  Street, 

W A § M D N Q T © N . 

C.  M.  keeps  a choice  supply  of  PORK,  BEEF,  POULTRY  and  all  kinds  of  PROVISIONS, 
the  best  the  market  affords. 


0.  H.  VAN  PATTEN,  M.  D. 


Office,  near  Brown’s  Hotel,  Pennsylvania  Avenue, 


Charges  New  York  and  Philadelphia  prices,  and  guarantees  his  work  to  be  equal  to  any 
done  in  those  Cities. 


BRIDGET  & HALL, 


COACH  MAKERS, 

Pennsylvania  Avenue, 

BETWEEN  4J-  & GTE  STREETS, 


VICINITY  OF  THE  CAPITAL. 


Situated  on  the  turnpike  road  leading  from  Washington  to  Baltimore,  and  before  the 
Revolution  was  a town  of  some  commercial  importance,  transacting  considerable  business 
in  tobacco,  flour,  and  other  agricultural  produce  j but  it  is  now  only  a small  village. 

The  view  presents  the  heights  around  the  village,  and  the  bridge  over  the  Eastern 
Branch,  which,  though  it  flows  here  a shallow  stream,  afterwards  assumes  the  bold  features 
of  a river.  The  road  in  the  foreground  is  that  along  which  the  British  army  marched  to 
the  battle,  and  afterwards  to  Washington.  On  this  bridge  the  English  fell  in  columns, 
swept  off  by  the  repeated  discharges  of  the  American  artillery.  In  vain,  for  some  mo- 
ments, were  the  commands  of  officers — in  vain,  the  force  of  thorough  discipline  and  ap- 
proved courage.  The  forces  could  not  advance ; they  wavered  under  the  terrible  dis- 
charge ; and  had  the  scenes  of  that  unfortunate  day  been  equalled  by  the  check  given 
the  enemy  on  the  bridge  of  Bladensburg,  the  metropolis  of  the  nation  would  not  have 
fallen  under  the  fires  of  an  invading  army. 

Arlington  House. — By  this  name  is  the  mansion  of  George  Washington  Park  Custis 
designated.  It  occupies  a commanding  position  on  the  Virginia  side  of  the  Potomac,  nearly 
opposite  Georgetown.  The  edifice  is  extensive,  elegant  and  imposing — two  hundred  feet 
above  the  water — and  commands  a very  fine  view  of  the  Capitol.  At  this  place  are  pre- 
served many  rare  and  valuable  pictures,  and  other  relics,  descended  from  the  ancestors  of 
Mr.  Custis,  and  some  of  them  once  in  the  possession  of  Gen.  Washington : for  example, 
the  Mount  Vernon  Plate,  and  the  Bed  and  Bedstead  of  Washington  on  which  he  expired. 
Among  the  pictures  are  portraits  by  Vandyke,  Kneller,  Stuart,  and  Trumbull,  which  are 
alone  worth  a pilgrimage  to  the  place,  where  the  accomplished  proprietor  is  always  happy 
to  see  his  friends,  who  annually  pay  him  their  respects  by  thousands. 

The  Little  Falls. — These  are  about  three  miles  above  Georgetown,  and  at  the  head  of 
tide-water.  The  great  Potomac  is  here  so  greatly  contracted  that  a stone  can  be  tossed 
from  one  shore  to  the  other ; the  fall  of  water  is  about  fifteen  feet ; the  surrounding 
scenery  is  wild  and  exceedingly  picturesque ; and  the  spot  is  particularly  famous  as  a re- 
sort for  the  followers  of  the  gentle  art.  The  principal  game  fish  caught  here  are  the  rock 
fish  or  striped  bass : and  the  spot  is  sometimes  visited  by  the  anglers  of  places  as  remote 
as  Baltimore  and  Charleston.  The  fame  of  The  Little  Falls  has  been  somewhat  increased 
of  late  years,  by  the  fact  that  it  has  become  a favorite  angling  haunt  of  the  Hon. 
Daniel  Webster. 

The  Great  Falls  of  the  Potomac , which  are  well  worth  visiting,  are  about  ten  miles 
further  up  the  river,  and  may  be  reached  by  carriage  or  canal  boat. 


\ 


HKh!i  ■ 5 slflli  BD 

BilBii ! 8 8lf  i il  8 IS  SI  B MM  i , i 1 ‘ ~ vi' 1 1 ■ » 1 7> n i Tn "i i 1 


NVOACH  FACTORY  PENN  AVENUE 
^y°.45  5.WASHINGTON  . D . C . / 


328 


WASHINGTON  BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


CHARLES  STOTT, 

• iflEOICIHEw, 

CHEMICALS,  FANCY  ARTICLES, 

EcsisnonsjaEj,  @n&s9 

WINDOW  GLASS,  &o.  &o. 

COR.  PENNSYLVANIA  AVENUE  AND  7th  STREET, 

^3  QQ  a 5'jr  csa  'o*  ^ a <^>  a 


&m 

AND  PICTURE  FRAME  MANUFACTURER, 

ass  Pennsylvania  Avenue, 

OPPOSITE  KIRKWOOD  HOUSE, 

© S3 , © . 0 „ 

WALL,  BARNARD  & CO. 

Auction  and  Commission  Merchants, 

No.  317  South  Side  of  Pennsylvania  Avenue, 

CORNER  OF  9th  STREET, 

WASHINGTON,  ZD.  C. 

i®- Sales  of  Real  and  Personal  Property,  of  every  description,  attended  to  on 
the  most  reasonable  terms.  Cash  advances  made  on  Consignments . 


R.  McBLDOWNEY  8c  CO. 

mmms 


AND 


nmm  mbs  an 

Nos,  199  and  201  Baltimore  Street, 


In  the  early  part  of  July  1856,  we  expect  to  remove  to 

No.  14  NORTH  CHARLES  STREET, 

CORNER  OF  FAYETTE. 

In  the  selection  of  our  new  place  of  business,  we  have  kept 
in  view  the  convenience  of  our  customers,  and  being  but  one 
square  removed  from  the  principal  thoroughfare,  with  vastly 
decreased  expenses,  low  prices,  fair  dealing  and  increased  fa- 
cilities for  an  extensive  retail  business,  we  hope  to  merit  that 
patronage  so  liberally  bestowed  upon  us  at  our  Old  Stand. 

R McELDOWNEY  & CO. 


N 


M.  P.  ENSBY’S 


SPLENDID 

HEW  SKY  Lt@HT 

Daguerreian 


No.  127  Broadway 

CORNER  OF  BANK  ST. 

OPPOSITE  THE 

Cholic  .©lujfrcf}, 

AND 

PUBLIC  SCHOOL, 

The  clearness,  boldness  and  durability  of  Mr.  Ensev’s  pictures  are  second  to  none  in  the 
city.  He  attends  in  person,  and  never  fails  to  satisfy  his  patrons.  Pictures  taken  in  all 
weather  at  moderate  prices. 


henry  McCaffrey, 


AND 


DEALER  IN  MUSICAL  INSTRUMENTS, 

No.  189  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

M ID. 

liberal  discount  to  Seminaries  and  Teachers. 

T.  II.  HANSON  DAVID  BANKS. 

F1NITU1  II  CHAIR  MANUFACTUfiEBS, 

35  & 37  S.  Calvert  Street, 

AND 

59  SOUTH  STREET, 

K eep  always  on  hand  of  their  own  manufacture? 

Furniture  and  Chairs 

€><F  EJSSM, 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL. 

Cd*  Feathers,  Mattresses,  Comforts,  Toilet  and  Looking  Glasses,  &c. 


O 


CUSHINGS  & BAILEY,® 

Millers  aitir  ^tatimurs, 

NO.  262  MARKET  STREET, 

Opposite  Hanover, 

lSAILYPGffl.®fe.ll9 


C.  & B.  keep  constantly  on  hand  a very  large  and  extensive  assortment  of 

LAW,  MEDICAL,  CLASSICAL,  SOI  & MISCELLA1E0IS  BOOKS 

Also,  a complete  and  varied  stock  of 


Embracing  all  the  most  desirable  styles  and  make  of  Cap,  Letter,  Note  and  Writing 
Paper,  which  they  receive  direct  from  the  manufacturers. 

COPYING  PRESSES,  COMPASSES,  MATHEMATICAL  INSTRUMENTS,  GLOBES,  SC. 

tkM* 

Of  all  sizes  and  styles  of  binding,  constantly  on  hand,  or  made  to  order  in  the  best 
manner,  at  short  notice. 

We  ask  an  examination  of  our  stock  from  merchants  and  others  purchasing.  Our 
stock  is  very  large  and  complete,  and  prices  as  favorable  as  can  be  found  in  any  other  city. 

We  would  call  the  attention  of  Lawyers  to  an  examination  of  our  stock  of  Law 
Books.  We  will  sell  as  low  as  any  other  House. 

We  publish  a Catalogue  of  Law  Books,  which  can  be  had  on  application,  or  mailod 
to  any  address. 


P 


IMPORTATION  OF  BOOKS. 


KV  /c3  4 


sap, 


&o 


CONVENIENCE,  AND  ECONOMY  OF  BOOK  BUYERS, 
SOUTH  OF  BALTIMORE  CITY. 


JAMES  S.  WATERS, 

NO.  244  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

Ei®.  • 

Respectfully  informs  the  literary  public,  professional  men,  mechanics 
and  others,  that  he  still  continues  his  AGENCY  in  London  for  the 
IMPORTATION  OF  BOOKS,  specially  ordered,  and  is  enabled  to 
supply  all  orders,  whether  for  a single  book  or  in  quantities,  at  the 
very  lowest  prices,  and  at  a lower  rate  per  shilling,  than  Eastern 
houses  charge. 

J.  S.  W.  has  in  addition  to  his  house  in  London,  an  agent  in  Paris 
and  Liepsic  for  the  supply  of  all  orders  for  books  published  throughout 
Germany  and  France,  also  in  Brussels,  Florence,  Madrid,  &c.,  so  that 
he  is  prepared  to  execute,  with  great  fidelity  and  promptness,  all  orders 
entrusted  to  his  care  from  any  portion  of  the  Continental  Book  Market. 

Books  for  incorporated  Institutions  imported  free  of  duty. 

Orders  forwarded  per  steamer  weekly. 

Catalogues  and  facilities  for  reference. 

ramsn  Mm  mmmwm, 

OR  SERIALS  OF  ANY  CHARACTER  FROM  EUROPE. 

OUR  ARRANGEMENTS  IN  EUROPE  are-  such  that  we  can  offer  great  in^ 
ducements  in  dispatch,  promptness  and  regularity  in  the  execution  of  orders. 

All  our  orders,  (Books  as  well  as  Magazines,)  are  now  brought  by  the  “MAIL 
STEAMERS,  ” and  are  at  a lower  rate  of  charge  than'  is  customary. 

Od-  Full  particulars  of  times  of  issue,  cost,  &c. 

Engraved  Bank  Checks,  Notes,  Drafts,  &c., — Merchants,  Bankers  and  others 
are  solicited  to  examine  the  very  superior  styles  of  Bank  Checks  introduced  by  us,  at 
very  little  more  expense  than  the  common  printed  work,  and  the  styles  of  book  and 
engraving  far  in  advance  of  those  heretofore  produced  in  this  city.  The  form  and  ar- 
rangement of  our  Check  Books  also  differ  from  the  old  styles. 

Also,  our  Blank  Books,  made  of  English  Linen  Paper,  and  of  acknowledged 
periority. 

Just  Published  in  one  handsome  volume,  with  a new  and  complete  Colored  County 
Map  of  the-State,  with  numerous  engravings 

A NEW  AND  COMPLETE  STATISTICAL  GAZETTEER 

OF  THE 


State  of  Maryland,  and  the  District  of  Columbia, 

EDITED  BY  RICHARD  EDWARDS. 

Giving  a full  and  comprehensive  review  of  the  History,  Progress,  Present  Condition, 
Commercial,  Railroad,  Manufacturing  and  Industrial  resources  of  every  City  and  Town 
in  the  State  and  District,  and  a BUSINESS  DIRECTORY  of  Baltimore,  \Vashington, 
Georgetown,  Alexandria,  Frederick,  Cumberland,  HagerstoWn.  Annapolis,  and  the 
Principal  Towns.  Price  $1.50.  Orders  from  the  country  solicited. 

JAMES  S.  WATERS,  244  Baltimore  Street. 


Q 


SUGAR  REFINING  COMPANY 


«..» ttffTo 'i 

tiiiitiiji 

iiiiittitf 

iifliiMii 

iiMiitfit 


Wtlll 


O’Donnell’s  Wharf,  Baltimore. 

F.  W.  BRUNE  & SONS,  AGENTS. 


FOR  NOT  LESS  THAN  FIVE  PACKAGES. 

LOAVES,  9 and  13  lbs.  ^ 

| LESS  ONE  PER  CENT. 
For  20  Packages  or  more. 


STANDARD  CRUSHED, 
CIRCLE  A.,  do. 
GRANULATED, 
POWDERED, 

EXTRA  FINE  do. 


■J 


SOFT  CRUSHED. 

WHITE  SUGAR— A. 

do.  do.  — B. 

YELLOW  do.  — C. 

Extra  Syrup  “*  BaI*e*3’  | Half  Barrels  and  Kegs. 

TERMS,  for  less  than  20  Packages  or  more,  4 months  credit,  payable  in  Baltimore,  (ap- 
proved paper,)  or  3 per  cent,  discount  for  cash,  if  paid  within  ten  days  from  date  of  bill. — 
Unless  limits  are  given,  orders  will  be  filled  in  turn  at  selling  prices  when  delivered. 

UNTO  CHARGE  FOR.  PACKAGES. 

Insurance  will  not  be  effected  unless  specially  ordered. 

Baltimore,  April  5th,  1856. 


M.  T.  FORSYTH. 


ALEX’R  IRWIN 


FORSYTH  & IRWIN, 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


AND 


FINE  CUT  SMOKING  TOBACCO, 

MILL  ON  DOLPHIN  STREET, 

REAR  OF  BOETON  DEPOT, 


Nos.  1 and  2 Scotch  Snuffs,  loose  in  barrels  or  in  bladders,  or 
papers  of  2 and  4 oz.  &c.  to  suit  purchasers.  Also,  Stem  Snuff, 
superior  for  Rappee  purposes.  Also,  Coarse  Snuffs  of  various 
kinds,  all  of  the  best  quality,  warranted,  and  at  the  lowest  cash 
prices. 

Large  and  small  orders  filled  and  labeled  as  required. 

All  orders  thankfully  received  and  punctually  attended  to. 


JOHM  3MC. 

COPPER  SMITH, 

32  LIGHT  STREET,  near  Lombard, 

BALTIMORE. 

Is  prepared  to  make  to  order,  or  repair,  as  follows: 

Steam  and  Water  Pipes  for  Steamboats,  Stationary 
Engines,  Distilleries  and  other  purposes,  Kettles  of  all 
dimensions,  Mineral  Water  Founts  and  Pipes,  Self- 
charging Mineral  Water  apparatus  and  pipes  all  com- 
plete, on  the  most  improved  plans,  Steam  drying  cyl- 
inders for  Cotton  and  Woolen  Mills.  N.  B.  All  work  done  by  me  warranted. 


Published  monthly,  only  $2 
per  annum  in  advance,  Jas.  S. 
Mason,  Agent  for  Maryland, 
Delaware  and  Pennsylvania,  No 
73  Baltimore  street,  Baltimore. 


JOHN  RODGERS,  ' ' G.  H.  RODGERS. 

JOHN  RODGERS  3c  SON, 

48  1ST.  XXX&XX  STREET,  BALTIMORE, 


Manufacturers  of  fire  engines,  with 
end  or  side  stroke,  adapted  to  different 
localities,  hose  carriages,  with  two  or 
four  wheels  ; hook  and  ladder  trucks. 
Hose  and  Screws,  Leather  Sucking 
Tubes,  Torches^  Fire  Buckets,  &c. 

Also  Fire  Plugs,  Stop  Cocks  or 
Valves,  of  every  size  and  most  ap- 
proved construction,  with  other  articles 
relative  to  Water  and  Gas  Works, 
Steam  Engines  and  Machinery,  sur- 
passed by  none  in  efficiency  and  work- 
manship" Second  Hand  Apparatus  for 
Sale. 


[ESTABLISHED  IN  1837.] 


CHARLES  D.  DE  FORD  & CO. 


And  Importers  of 


AND 


IjEAF  tobacc®, 

NO.  37  SOUTH  GAY  STREET, 


Mr.  George  T.  De  Ford,  our  Agent, 
resides  in  Havana,  and  devotes  his  person- 
al attention  to  the  selection  of  Cigars  for 
our  sales. 

We  are  prepared  to  execute  orders  to 
any  extent,  for  all  styles  and  qualities. 


P^OBBRT  WIBL.B  CO. 


&&&§>  If  HgtfSlIflJi 

AND 

mis  gismo, 

NO.  rn  WEST  PRATT  ST., 

ABOVE  EUTAW, 

MB. 

All  orders  from  the  country  thankfully  re- 
ceived and  punctually  attended  to  at  the 
shortest  notice.  Gas  Fitting  promptly  attend- 
ed to. 


T 


CARPENTERS  & BUILDERS, 


No.  346  WEST  PRATT  STREET, 


WEST  OF  GcJElJESJETSr^:, 


Would  respectfully  inform  their  friends  and  the 
community,  that  they  are  prepared  to  do  all  work 
entrusted  to  their  care  on  the  most  reasonable  terms, 
and  at  the  shortest  notice. 

Repairing  attended  to  with  promptness. 

STORES  SHELVED  and  FITTED  UP  on  terms 
that  cann6t  fail  to  please  all  who  may  favor  them  with 
their  patronage. 


U 


WM.  H.  JOHNSON, 


MANUFACTURER  OF 


GENTLEMEN’S  & YOUTHS’  FASHIONABLE 

IHI  MOB 


^0 

In1 


IseJ 

0= 


No.  92,  BALTIMORE  STREET, 

BETWEEN  HOLIDAY  AND  GAY  STREETS, 

Invites  the  attention  of  the  public  to  his  extensive  assortment  of  DRESS,  FRENCH 
CALF  and  PATENT  LEATHER 

s^wsg  s h o m s in 

All  Manufactured  by  himself,  in  the  Latest  French  Styles,  of  the  very  best  materials, 
and  for  sale  at  the  very  Lowest  Prices. 

Persons  troubled  w'ith  tender  feet,  and  who  find  it  difficult  to  get  fitted,  are  particu- 
larly requested  to  call,  as  by  a particular  method  of  taking  measure,  he  is  enabled  to  fit 
those  w.hose  feet  are  covered  with  Corns  or  Bunions,  and  to  please  the  most  fastidious. 
* Drawings  taken  of  the  feet,  and  a pair  of  lasts  kept  expressly  for  each  customer,  by 
which  means  the  Boots  fit  as  easily  when  first  put  on,  as  they  usually  do  when  half 
worn  out. 

Strangers  leaving  their  measure  when  in  the  city,  can  have  their  Boots  made  and  sent 
to  any  part  of  the  United  States. 

The  undersigned  prides  himself  upon  making  really  good  articles,  and  will  suffer  none 
others  to  leave  his  Store. 

WiB  Ha ' $ © [HI  M 8 © M, 

92  BALTIMORE  STREET, 


V 


WILLIAM  M.  IVES, 

FIRE  HEM  EUR  A1  Mil  FOUNDER. 

No.  2 WEST  FALLS  AVENUE, 

■ © & fL  T fl  m ® © 

Is  prepared  to  build  FIRE  APPARATUS  of  every  description,  such  as  ENGINES, 
SUCTIONS  and  HOSE  CARRIAGES,  on  the  latest  and  most  approved  models.  Particu- 
lar attention  is  given  to  repairing  APPARATUS.  He  is  also  prepared  to  furnish  HOSE 
and  HOSE  PIPES,  SCREWS,  WRENCHES,  TORCHES,  FLAMBEAUS  and  all 
kinds  of  Brass  Work,  Force  Pumps,  Rivets,  Brass  Solda  and  Draw  Cocks  for  Mineral 
Water.  ALE  PUMPS  made  and  fitted  up  in  the  best  manner  and  on  the  most  reason- 
able terms. 

ORDERS  from  a distance  will  meet  with  prompt  attention. 
jpgt'A.IAj  WORK  DONE  BY  ME  WARRANTED  TO  GIVE  ENTIRE  SATISFACTION. 


H.  GROUT’S 


PATENTED,  January,  1856. 


This  LANTERN  possesses  at  least  50  per  cent,  adyantage  over  all  others  now  in  use, 
from  the  facility  with  which  the  glass  can  all  be  put  in  the  Lantern,  or  removed  for  the 
purpose  of  cleaning  or  keeping  it  in  repair,  without  taking  the  Lantern  down  from  the 
post  or  requiring  the  aid  of  a glazier. 

I am  now  prepared  to  Manufacture  Lanterns  to  order,  or  to  sell^rights  to  manufacture 
and  sell  the  same.  H- . C R O TJ  T . 

Also,  METALLIC  ROOFER  AND  SPOUTER, 


No.  87  PENNSYLVANIA  AVENUE, 
zm  Lki  TO  a C2>  Si  S3  ® 

All  Orders  for  LANTERNS,  ROOFING,  SPOUTING,  TIN  WARll,  STOVES, 
&c.,  promptly  attended  to. 


SIGNS  TO  SUIT  THE  TIMES! 

ROACH  & CLI3STE 


III,  TMMM111T 


AND  ORNAMENTAL 


9 


BLOCK,  SCRIPT, 

And  every  Variety  of  Signs  Painted  at  the  Lowest  Prices. 

No.  79  LOMBARD  STREET,  Exchange  Place, 

BALTIMORE. 


w 


PERKINS’ 

mm  w mi  i*s<&hs 


No.  99  Baltimore  Street, 


id  a Bair  asusas. 

Mr.  P.  returns  sincere  thanks  to  his  many  friends  and  patrons  of  the 
old  establishment,  corner  of  North  and  Baltimore  Streets,  for  the 
' last  ten  years,  and  hopes  to  merit  a continuance  of  their  favor  in  this, 
his  new  and  SPLENDID  GALLERY  OF  ART,  which  has  been  built 
under  his  own  supervision  and  fitted  up  in  the  very  best  manner,  with- 
out regard  to  expense. 

He  pledges  his  best  endeavors  to  please  and  is  determined  that  none 
who  may  have  likenesses  taken,  shall  leave  with  an  imperfect  picture. 

Our  prices  are  from  one  dollar  upwards,  according  to  the  character 
of  the  work  and  style  of  case  furnished. 

Strangers  and  citizens  will  find  99  to  be  the  resort  of  the  fashionable 
and  elite  of  the  city,  always  having  polite  and  obliging  assistants  whose 
pleasure  it  is  to  please. 

P.  L.  PERKINS, 

No.  99  Baltimore  Street, 

A few  doors  below  the  Sun  Iron  Building , and  at  the  old  Corner 
of  North  and  Baltimore  Streets,  opposite  Sun  Iron  Buildmg. 

~ " ' ' ■ -7—  — .TT-W"  ■■ 


X 


SOUTHERN  AND  WESTERN 


DEVOTED  TO  THE  PROMOTION  OF 


Same,  ^rt,  Jflmifatlurts,  Commerce,  Agriculture  anCCrabc, 

DESIGNED  AS  AA  AID  FOR  ' ' 

MERCHANTS,  PLANTERS  AND  BUSINESS  MEN, 

FOR  THE  DESK  AND  THE  SHOME  CIRCLE. 


EDITED  BY  J.- C.  G.  KENNEDY, 

LATE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  CENSUS. 

ASSISTED  RY  RICHARD  EDWARDS. 

ONLY  TWO  DOLLARS  PER, ANNUM,  THREE  DOLLARS  AT  THE  END  OF  THE  YEAR. 


ISSUED  MONTHLY 

BY  THE  SOUTHERN  PRINTING  A-ND  PUBLISHING  COMPANY,  RICHMOND,  VA.,  SAVANNAH, 
NASHVILLE,  ST.  LOUIS  AND  LOUISVILLE 


FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  BOOKSELLERS  AND  APPOINTED  AGENTS. 


New  Series. 


SEPTEMBER,  1856 


fVoL.  1,  No.  1. 


HERRINGS  PATENT 

FII  AND  BURGLAR  PROOF  SAFES, 

Awarded  the  Prize  Medal  at  the  World’s  Fair  London 
1851’and  at  the  World’s  Fair  New  York,  1853-’54. 


FARRELS 


AND 


HERRINS, 


Philadelphia. 


RICE  & NORRIS  Agents, 

46  & 48  LIGHT  STREET, 


The  above  unequalled  safes  are  still  offered  to  the  public,  as  the  “ ne  plus  ultra  ” 
of  their  kind.  An  experience  of  fifteen  years  has  enabled  the  manufacturers  to  introduce 
and  perfect  improvements,  which  will  not  only  sustain  their  former  reputation,*  but 
places  them  far  ahead  of  all  similar  protectors.  Nearly  fifteen  thousand  “ Herring’s 
Safes, ” have  been  sold  and  are  now  in  actual  use  and  more  than  Two  Hundred 
have  passed  safely  through  accidental  fires  without  the  occurrence  of  a single  loss, 
even  within  the  year  just  passed,  these  well  known  Safes  have  been  the  means  of 
preserving  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars  for  their  owners  in  the  following  acci- 
dental fires. 

Great  Fire  at  Lynchburg,  Virginia,  Jauuary  6 ; Saved  Books,  Papers  and  Money. 
— J,  H.  Thompson  8c  Co.  Great  Fire  at  Leroy,  New  York,  January  13;  Saved 
Books,  Papers  and  Money — J.  M.  Foi'eman.  Fire  at  Simsbury,  Connecticut,  Feb- 
ruary 8 ; Saved  Books,  Papers  and  Money — Bacon  & Brothers.  Fulton  Street  Fire, 
New  .York,  February  10 ; Saved  Books,  Papers  and  Money — J.  M.  Fairchild  8c  Co. 
Fire  at  Bottetourt  county  Virginia,  February  26;  Saved  Books,  Papers  and  Money, 
— Jones  8c  Mays.  Fire  in  Henry  Street,  New  Yprk,  March  22 ; Saved  Books,  Pa- 
pers and  Money — Carrington  Sc  Dougherty.  Great  Fire  in  Mobile,  March  21  ; 
Saved  Books,  Papers  and  Money — W.  M.  Pleasants.  Great  Fire  in  Easton  Pa., 
Saved  Books,  Papers  and-Money — E.  Sc  W.  Keller.  Great  Fire  at  Petersburg,  Va., 
May  21  ; Saved  Books,  Papers  and  Money — Falconer,  Plummer  8c  Co.  P^ire  at 
Mount  Bridges,  Canada,  July  3;  Saved  Books,  Papers  and  Money— J.  W.  Emer- 
son. Burning  of  Hecker’s  Mills,  Brooklyn,  October  11  ; Saved  Books,  Papers  and 
Money — Hecker  8c  Brother. 

One  thousand  dollars  is  still  freely  offered  and  the  whole  world  challenged  to  pro- 
duce a Safe  equal  in  fire  proof  quality  to  Herring’s  Patent  Champion  Safe. 


Z 


